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Background: Numerous studies have investigated the outcomes of outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). However, some patients originally planned for outpatient surgery may unexpectedly require inpatient hospital stay, which can obscure the distinction of “outpatient” and “inpatient” cases. Ultimately, this inconsistent classification of “outpatient” surgery may influence study results. The objectives of this study were (1) to characterize the differences in definition of “outpatient” surgery (hospital-defined outpatient [HDO] vs. same-day discharge [SDD]), and (2) to study the effect of different definitions on 30-day outcomes following TSA. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who underwent TSA between 2011 and 2021. HDO cases were identified based on the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program inpatient or outpatient variable, and SDD cases were identified based on length of stay = 0. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between HDO and SDD cohorts. Propensity score was utilized to match each HDO and SDD case with one inpatient case without replacement. Two distinct sets of multivariate analyses, using Poisson regressions with robust error variance, were performed to calculate the risks of readmission, reoperation, morbidity, and complications for HDO and SDD. Results: A total of 30,458 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 6711 HDO and 4490 SDD cases. 3501 out of the 6711 (52.2%) HDO patients required at least one night of inpatient hospital stay (length of stay >0). Between 2011 and 2021, the annual incidence of HDO TSA rose from 4.1% to 61.6% of all TSA cases, and the incidence of SDD TSA increased from 2.0% to 34.1% of all TSA cases. Compared to SDD, HDO was associated with female sex, higher body mass index, functional dependence, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, American Society of Anesthesiologists ≥3, longer operation time, and nonhome discharge. After controlling for potential confounders, inpatient TSA was associated with increased risk of 30-day readmission and reoperation compared with HDO cases, while morbidity and individual complication rates were similar. However, compared with SDD patients, inpatient TSA was associated with higher rates of readmission, reoperation, morbidity, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and deep venous thrombosis. Conclusion: Definitional differences in “outpatient” surgery can lead to significantly different study outcomes related to TSA. Future investigations on this topic should maintain consistency in the definition of “outpatient” surgery. Accurate data on the risk factors for adverse events after TSA are critical for appropriate patient selection and improving surgical outcomes.

BackgroundPheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) (PPGLs) are rare tumours arising from the chromaffin cells. There is evidence suggesting a link between hypoxemia and PPGLs. Chronic hypoxia can lead to gain of function somatic variants in the EPAS1 gene that encodes for hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α), involved in PPGL tumorigenesis.ObjectiveTo describe a rare case of PCC in a pulmonary transplant patient and characterize the tumour’s genetic background.Clinical CaseA 47 year-old man underwent a lung transplant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. He required home oxygen therapy for 3 years prior to transplant. Nineteen years after transplant, a CT-scan revealed a 5.8 cm x 3.9 cm heterogeneous right adrenal mass (HU of 7). Initial assessments indicated elevated 24-hour urinary catecholamines. Consequently, the patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, confirming the PCC diagnosis.Genetic studies1) Germline PPGL multigene panel: After consent, the patient underwent a panel of 14 susceptibility genes for PPGLs that revealed no pathogenic variants. 2) Somatic genetic analysis for EPAS1 gene found no variants. However, tumoral RNA sequencing unveiled activation of the HIF pathway.ConclusionWe describe a rare case of PCC in a pulmonary transplant recipient, with genetic analyses showing no germline pathogenic variants and no somatic variants in the EPAS1 gene. RNA sequencing highlighted HIF pathway activation and angiogenic implications. Further research is necessary to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying PCCs in this specific case and determine its link with hypoxemia in the context of pulmonary disease.

A terphenyl diyne (TPDY) macrocycle, 3,5-TPDY, has been developed incorporating a bent 1,3-diyne that is active in SPAAC processes affording atropoisomeric triazole products, as well as cycloadditions with diazoacetates and tetrazines. A pendant amine allowed bioconjugation of TPDY to two proteins in a microbial transglutaminase-catalyzed reaction. In contrast to many cycloalkyne SPAAC reagents, the TPDY stabilization occurs via interactions of π and π* orbitals of the adjacent alkynes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) higher-risk criteria for brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) have a low positive predictive value (4.8%) and misclassify most infants as higher risk (>90%). New BRUE prediction rules from a US cohort of 3283 infants showed improved discrimination; however, these rules have not been validated in an external cohort., Objective: To externally validate new BRUE prediction rules and compare them with the AAP higher-risk criteria., Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study conducted from 2017 to 2021 and monitored for 90 days after index presentation. The setting included infants younger than 1 year with a BRUE identified through retrospective chart review from 11 Canadian hospitals. Study data were analyzed from March 2022 to March 2024., Exposures: The BRUE prediction rules., Main Outcome and Measure: The primary outcome was a serious underlying diagnosis, defined as conditions where a delay in diagnosis could lead to increased morbidity or mortality., Results: Of 1042 patients (median [IQR] age, 41 [13-84] days; 529 female [50.8%]), 977 (93.8%) were classified as higher risk by the AAP criteria. A total of 79 patients (7.6%) had a serious underlying diagnosis. For this outcome, the AAP criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI, 95.4%-100.0%), a specificity of 6.7% (95% CI, 5.2%-8.5%), a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 1.07 (95% CI, 1.05-1.09), and an AUC of 0.53 (95% CI, 0.53-0.54). The BRUE prediction rule for discerning serious diagnoses displayed an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.54-0.67; calibration intercept: 0.60), which improved to an AUC of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65-0.76; P < .001; calibration intercept: 0.00) after model revision. Event recurrence was noted in 163 patients (15.6%). For this outcome, the AAP criteria yielded a sensitivity of 99.4% (95% CI, 96.6%-100.0%), a specificity of 7.3% (95% CI, 5.7%-9.2%), an LR+ of 1.07 (95% CI, 1.05-1.10), and an AUC of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.56-0.58). The AUC of the prediction rule stood at 0.67 (95% CI, 0.62-0.72; calibration intercept: 0.15)., Conclusions and Relevance: Results of this multicenter cohort study show that the BRUE prediction rules outperformed the AAP higher-risk criteria on external geographical validation, and performance improved after recalibration. These rules provide clinicians and families with a more precise tool to support decision-making, grounded in individual risk tolerance.

Background: Mountain biking (MTB) is a quickly growing sport, with many athletes sustaining high-impact injuries. Current literature has not analyzed the most recent MTB-related national emergency department (ED) injury data., Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that (1) the total number of injuries presenting to US EDs would significantly increase over the study period, (2) male patients would experience higher rates of shoulder injuries and airborne injury mechanisms than female patients, and (3) youths would present more frequently with injuries of the head and face than adults., Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study., Methods: All data were extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), a public database representing approximately 100 US EDs. The NEISS was queried for MTB-related injuries between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022., Results: A total of 2543 MTB-related cases presented to US EDs between 2013 and 2022, which extrapolated to a national estimate (NE) of 109,558 injuries using NEISS sample weights. MTB-related injuries increased significantly between 2013 and 2022 ( P = .009), including a 64% increase between 2019 and 2020. The most common injury mechanism was falling off the bike (62.6%; NE = 68,536), and the upper extremity was the most frequently injured body region (22.4%; NE = 24,511). Male patients presented with significantly more shoulder (21.1% vs 7.4%, respectively; P < .001) and trunk (21.4% vs 19.8%, respectively; P < .001) injuries than female patients as well as more airborne injury mechanisms (15.7% vs 10.8%, respectively; P < .001). Female patients sustained significantly more concussions (7.2% vs 3.5%, respectively; P < .001) than male patients. Children presented with higher rates of head/face injuries (34.1%), concussions (6.0%), and airborne mechanisms of injury (19.4%) than any other age group., Conclusion: MTB injuries increased significantly between 2013 and 2022 likely because of the popularity of outdoor sports during COVID-19. The upper extremity was the most frequently injured body region, and falling off the bike was the most common mechanism. Leading injuries and mechanisms varied significantly by sex and age. This study recommends additional MTB safety measures such as shoulder support for male riders, better coaching on front brake control for youth riders, and an increased emphasis on concussion protocols for female riders., Competing Interests: One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: B.O.P. has received royalties from Arthrex, consulting fees from Arthrex, nonconsulting fees from Arthrex, and education payments from Gotham Surgical. B.R.W. has received nonconsulting fees from Arthrex and Vericel; consulting fees from DePuy Synthes, FH Orthopedics, Medical Device Business Services, and Vericel; honoraria from the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation and Vericel; and education payments from Peerless Surgical, Arthrex, and SouthTech Orthopedics. M.J.A. has received consulting fees from Bodycad, DePuy Synthes, and Medical Device Business Services; education payments from Suvon Surgical and Gotham Surgical; and nonconsulting fees from Arthrex. R.M.F. has received nonconsulting fees from Arthrex, Bodycad, and DePuy Synthes; consulting fees from Arthrex; education payments from Gemini Mountain Medical, Arthrex, and Pinnacle; and hospitality payments from JRF Ortho and Smith & Nephew. R.L.P. has received education payments from Gotham Surgical and Arthrex and a grant from Arthrex. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto., (© The Author(s) 2025.)

Background: Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) persists beyond the expected healing period after surgery, imposing a substantial burden on overall patient well-being. Unfortunately, CPSP often remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. To better understand the mechanism of CPSP development, we aimed to identify genetic variants associated with CPSP., Methods: A genome-wide association study was conducted in a cohort of 95,931 individuals from the UK Biobank who had undergone different surgical procedures. Three analyses were performed: (1) case-control analysis (2923 cases with CPSP and 93,008 controls), (2) ordinal analysis in three groups based on time of analgesics use (n=95,931), and (3) a meta-analysis combining our dataset with a recent publication (n=97,281)., Results: In the case-control analysis, one genetic locus within GLRA3 displayed a genome-wide significant (P<2.5×10 -8 ) association with CPSP, and nine loci displayed suggestively significant associations (P<1×10 -6 ). The ordinal analysis aligned with the case-control analysis, with an additional locus (rs140330443) reaching genome-wide significance. In the meta-analysis with the recently published dataset, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17298280 in the GLRA3 gene remained significant (P=2.19×10 -9 )., Conclusions: This study contributes new insights into the genetic factors associated with CPSP. The top hit GLRA3 is known for involvement in prostaglandin E2-induced pain processing pathways. Our study provides a foundation for future investigations into the function of these risk variants and the mechanisms underlying CPSP by offering summary statistics. However, further validation in other cohorts is required to confirm these findings., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Pickleball is one of the fastest-growing sports in the United States. It is popular among seniors but has recently grown across all age groups. As pickleball has gained interest, its corresponding injury burden has also increased., Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to identify pickleball-related injury trends and underlying mechanisms across different age groups presenting to US emergency departments. It was hypothesized that (1) pickleball-related injuries would increase significantly between 2013 and 2022, (2) older age groups would have the greatest frequency of injury, and (3) falls would be the most common mechanism of injury., Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study., Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for pickleball injuries between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. The demographic information, injury site, and diagnosis were recorded, and case narratives were reviewed to identify the injury mechanism. The statistical sample weight assigned for NEISS cases by hospital was used to calculate national estimates (NEs). Injury trends over time were evaluated by linear regression., Results: A total of 1110 NEISS cases representing 66,350 nationally estimated pickleball-related injuries were included. The mean age was 64 ± 14.7 years (range, 4-93 years). Most injuries occurred in those aged 65 to 80 years (NEISS cases = 643; NE = 40,507 [61.1%]), followed by those aged 35 to 64 years (NEISS cases = 349; NE = 20,785 [31.3%]). Falls were the most common injury mechanism overall (NEISS cases = 699; NE = 43,434 [65.5%]). However, being hit with a paddle and a twist/inversion were the most common mechanisms for ages 0 to 17 and 18 to 34 years, respectively. Fractures were the most common diagnosis (NEISS cases = 363; NE = 21,703 [32.7%]), followed by strains/sprains (NEISS cases = 327; NE = 20,419 [30.8%]). Also, 69.1% of all fractures occurred in female players. The wrist was the most injured, accounting for 12.7% of all injuries. Significant increases in pickleball injuries were seen over time ( P < .001) and across all age groups ( P < .05)., Conclusion: There was a significant increase in pickleball-related injuries presenting between 2013 and 2022, with most injuries arising from a fall. Notably, injuries decreased by 14% between 2019 and 2020 but rose again by 41% between 2020 and 2021 during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic. Older players disproportionately presented to the emergency department with pickleball-related injuries. Increased awareness and comprehensive injury prevention initiatives may be warranted to address the considerable prevalence of fractures and overuse/strain injuries., Competing Interests: One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: B.O.P. has received education payments from Gotham Surgical Solutions & Devices; consulting fees from Arthrex; nonconsulting fees from Arthrex; and royalties from Arthrex. R.L.P. has received education payments from Gotham Surgical Solutions & Devices and Arthrex and a grant from Arthrex. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto. Ethical approval was not sought for the present study., (© The Author(s) 2025.)

Introduction: Primary glenohumeral arthritis is typically associated with glenoid retroversion and posterior bone loss. Glenoid component fixation remains a weak link in the survivorship of anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty, particularly in the B2 glenoid. The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical properties of two glenoid preparation techniques in a B2 glenoid bone loss model., Methods: This was a biomechanical cyclic loading study. Thirty sawbone shoulder models were generated from a CT scan of a scapula with a B2 glenoid and 15 o retroversion. The study consisted of two groups with 'low' correction (A groups), two groups with 'high' correction (B groups), and a control. Group A1 consisted of a 7 0 eccentric ream and a standard component; group A2 consisted of a 15 o posteriorly augmented glenoid component (7 0 correction); group B1 consisted of a 12 o anterior ream and standard component; group B2 used a 25 o posteriorly augmented component (12 o correction); group C (control) consisted of a standard component inserted in retroversion with no correction. Mechanical stability testing was performed through cyclic loading and resulting displacement was determined at 1, 10, 1000, 10,000, 50,000, and 100,00 cycles to assess for loosening., Results: A total of 26 samples were included in the analysis, all reaching 100,000 cycles. Displacement increased significantly from baseline to 100,000 cycles in all groups (p<0.05). At 100,000 cycles, the B1 group (1.4mm ±0.19) had significantly less displacement then the A2 (2.0mm ±0.29) and B2 (2.2mm ±0.49) (p=0.0.005) groups. There were no significant differences in translational forces between any of the groups at 100,000 cycles., Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that the use of higher-degree posteriorly augmented components resulted in statistically greater translational displacement over time compared with high-side reaming and use of a standard component. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are frequent injuries in athletes that often require surgical reconstruction so that patients may return to their previous levels of performance. While existing data on patient-reported outcomes are similar between bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) and hamstring tendon (HT) autografts, the literature regarding return to sport (RTS), return to previous levels of sport activity, and graft failure rate remains limited., Purpose: To compare rates of RTS, return to previous activity levels, and graft retears among athletes undergoing primary ACL reconstruction using a BTB versus HT autograft., Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4., Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were queried, and studies reporting on RTS after primary ACL reconstruction using a BTB or HT autograft were included. Exclusion criteria included revision reconstruction, ACL repair, quadriceps tendon autografts, allografts, graft augmentation, or double-bundle autografts. Rates of RTS, return to previous levels of activity, and retears were extracted and analyzed across included studies., Results: A total of 33 articles met inclusion criteria, with a patient cohort of 4810 athletes. The overall RTS rate for all athletes was 80.4% (95% CI, 75.3%-84.6%) at a mean follow-up of 35.7 months, with 54.6% (95% CI, 48.5%-60.6%) returning to preinjury levels of activity. No significant difference was found between BTB and HT autografts with respect to rates of RTS, return to preinjury activity levels, or reruptures. The overall RTS rate in patients after primary ACL reconstruction with a BTB autograft was 83.3% (95% CI, 77.0%-88.2%), with 56.1% (95% CI, 49.3%-62.7%) returning to preinjury levels of activity. Conversely, the overall RTS rate in patients after primary ACL reconstruction with an HT autograft was 77.9% (95% CI, 70.3%-84.0%), with 53.5% (95% CI, 42.8%-63.9%) returning to preinjury levels of activity. The overall graft rerupture rate for the entire patient cohort was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.5%-5.1%), for patients with BTB grafts was 3.2% (95% CI, 1.9%-5.3%), and for patients with HT grafts was 4.4% (95% CI, 2.8%-6.8%)., Conclusion: Primary ACL reconstruction using BTB autografts demonstrated similar rates of RTS, return to previous activity levels, and reruptures compared with reconstruction using HT autografts., Competing Interests: One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: A.C. has received support for education from Kairos Surgical. R.L.P. has received support for education from Gotham Surgical and a grant from Arthrex. X.L. has received consulting fees from DePuy Synthes and FH Ortho, a gift from Wright Medical Technology, and intellectual property royalties from FH Ortho. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto.

The Canadian Journal of Forest Research published a collection focusing on changing wildfire regimes, their impacts, and the path forward, inspired by the unprecedented 2023 wildfire season in Canada. The 2023 fire season was characterized by extreme weather conditions, leading to record-breaking area burned and severe logistical challenges. The season highlighted the urgent need for transformational changes in urban and land planning, wildfire and forest management, and governance to coexist with wildfires in the future, with a particular focus on collaboration with Indigenous communities and incorporation of Traditional Knowledge. [Extracted from the article]

Background: RNA modifications, a central aspect of epitranscriptomics, add a regulatory layer to gene expression by modifying RNA function without altering nucleotide sequences. These modifications play vital roles across RNA species, influencing RNA stability, translation, and interaction dynamics, and are regulated by specific enzymes that add, remove, and interpret these chemical marks., Objective: This review examines the role of aberrant RNA modifications in cancer progression, exploring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. We focus on how altered RNA modification patterns impact oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and overall tumor behavior., Methods: We performed an in-depth analysis of recent studies and advances in RNA modification research, highlighting key types and functions of RNA modifications and their roles in cancer biology. Studies involving preclinical models targeting RNA-modifying enzymes were reviewed to assess therapeutic efficacy and potential clinical applications., Results: Aberrant RNA modifications were found to significantly influence cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis. Dysregulation of RNA-modifying enzymes led to altered gene expression profiles in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, correlating with tumor aggressiveness, patient outcomes, and response to immunotherapy. Notably, inhibitors of these enzymes demonstrated potential in preclinical models by reducing tumor growth and enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer treatments., Conclusions: RNA modifications present promising avenues for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of RNA modification dysregulation is essential for developing targeted treatments that improve patient outcomes. Further research will deepen insights into these pathways and support the clinical translation of RNA modification-targeted therapies., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: Not applicable., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Genetics Society of Korea.)

Global health is increasingly challenged by the growing prevalence of obesity and its associated complications. Quercetin, one of the most important dietary flavonoids, is being explored as an effective therapy for obesity with its mechanism remains understudied. Here in this study, it is demonstrated that quercetin intervention significantly reverses obesity-related phenotypes through reshaping the overall structure of microbiota, especially boosting colonization of the beneficial gut commensal Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila). Enrichment of A. muciniphila leads to generate more indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) to upregulate the expression of 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) via fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO)/ N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A)/YTHDF2 manner, thereby facilitating cholesterol converts to cholic acid (CA). CA in turn drastically suppresses lipid accumulation via activating the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in adipose tissue. This work introduces a novel therapeutic target for addressing obesity and expands upon the current limited understanding of the mediator function of m 6 A modifications in microorganism-influenced bile acid (BA) metabolism., (© 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

With climate change causing more extreme weather events globally, climate scientists have argued that societies have three options: mitigation, adaptation or suffering. In recent years, devastating wildfires have caused significant suffering, yet the extent of this suffering has not been defined. To encapsulate this suffering, we determined impacts and effects of extreme wildfires through two systematic literature reviews. Six common themes of wildfire suffering emerged: environmental, social, physical, mental, cultural and resource suffering. These themes varied in scale: from local to regional; from individuals to communities; and from ecosystems to landscapes. We then applied these themes in the Las Maquinas (Chile) and Fort McMurray (Canada) wildfires. This highlighted several adaptation strategies that can reduce suffering, however our exploration indicates these strategies must address social and ecological factors. This analysis concludes that suffering from wildfires is diverse and widespread, and that significant engagement with adaptation strategies is needed if this is going to decrease., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: There are no competing interests to be declared., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Abstract: Hyperalgesic priming is a model system that has been widely used to understand plasticity in painful stimulus-detecting sensory neurons, called nociceptors. A key feature of this model system is that following priming, stimuli that do not normally cause hyperalgesia now readily provoke this state. We hypothesized that hyperalgesic priming occurs because of reorganization of translation of mRNA in nociceptors. To test this hypothesis, we used paclitaxel treatment as the priming stimulus and translating ribosome affinity purification to measure persistent changes in mRNA translation in Nav1.8+ nociceptors. Translating ribosome affinity purification sequencing revealed 161 genes with persistently altered mRNA translation in the primed state. Among these genes, we identified Gpr88 as upregulated and Metrn as downregulated. To provide functional evidence for these changes in hyperalgesic priming in a related priming model, we used the interleukin-6 priming model. A GPR88 agonist injection into the paw had no effect in naive mice but caused mechanical hypersensitivity and grimacing responses in female primed mice. Systemic Meteorin treatment in primed mice completely reversed established hyperalgesic priming mechanical hypersensitivity and grimacing responses to prostaglandin E2 in female mice. Our work demonstrates that altered nociceptor translatomes are causative in producing hyperalgesic priming in multiple models in female mice., (Copyright © 2025 International Association for the Study of Pain.)

RNA methylation is a dynamic and ubiquitous post-transcriptional modification that plays a pivotal role in regulating gene expression in various conditions like cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. RNA methylation manifests across diverse RNA species including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA), exerting pivotal roles in gene expression regulation and various biological phenomena. Aberrant activity of writer, eraser, and reader proteins enables dysregulated methylation landscape across diverse malignancy transcriptomes, frequently promoting cancer pathogenesis. Numerous oncogenic drivers, tumour suppressors, invasion/metastasis factors, and signalling cascade components undergo methylation changes that modulate respective mRNA stability, translation, splicing, transport, and protein-RNA interactions accordingly. Functional studies confirm methylation-dependent alterations drive proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, stemness, metabolism, and therapeutic evasion programs systemically. Methyltransferase overexpression typifies certain breast, liver, gastric, and other carcinomas correlating with adverse clinical outcomes like diminished overall survival. Mapping efforts uncover nodal transcripts for targeted drug development against hyperactivated regulators including METTL3. Some erasers and readers also suitable lead candidates based on apparent synthetic lethality. Proteomic screens additionally highlight relevant methylation-sensitive effector pathways amenable to combinatorial blockade, reversing compensatory signalling mechanisms that facilitate solid tumour progression. Quantifying global methylation burdens and responsible enzymes clinically predicts patient prognosis, risk stratification for adjuvant therapy, and overall therapeutic responsiveness., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research / Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu is the property of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Africa is entering a new fire paradigm, with climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure shifting the patterns of frequency and severity. Thus, it is crucial to use available information and technologies to understand vegetation dynamics during the post-fire recovery processes. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal spatio-temporal trends of vegetation recovery in response to fires across Africa, from 2001 to 2020. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products comparing the following three-month seasonal periods: December-February (DJF), March-May (MAM), June-August (JJA), and September-November (SON). We evaluated the seasonal spatial trends of NDVI in burned areas by hemisphere, territory, or country, and by land cover types, and fire recurrences, with a focus on forested areas. The relationships between the seasonal spatial trend and three climatic variables (i.e. maximum air temperature, precipitation, and vapor pressure deficit) were then analyzed. For the 8.7 million km2 burned in Africa over the past 22 years, we observed several seasonal spatial trends of NDVI. The highest proportions of areas with increasing trend (p < 0.05) was recorded in MAM for both hemispheres, with 22.0% in the Northern Hemisphere and 17.4% in the Southern Hemisphere. In contrast, areas with decreasing trends (p < 0.05), showed 4.8–5.5% of burned area in the Northern Hemisphere, peaking in JJA, while the Southern Hemisphere showed a range of 7.1 to 10.9% with the highest proportion also in JJA. Regarding land cover types, 48.0% of fires occurred in forests, 24.1% in shrublands, 16.6% in agricultural fields, and 8.9% in grasslands/savannas. Consistent with the overall trend, the area exhibiting an increasing trend in NDVI values (p < 0.05) within forested regions had the highest proportion in MAM, with 19.9% in the Northern Hemisphere and 20.6% in the Southern Hemisphere. Conversely, the largest decreasing trend (p < 0.05) was observed in DJF in the Northern Hemisphere (2.7–2.9%) and in JJA in the Southern Hemisphere (7.2–10.4%). Seasonally, we found a high variability of regeneration trends of forested areas based on fire recurrences. In addition, we found that of the three climatic variables, increasing vapor pressure deficit values were more related to decreasing NDVI levels. These results indicate a strong component of seasonality with respect to fires, trends of vegetation increase or decrease in the different vegetation covers of the African continent, and they contribute to the understanding of climatic conditions that contribute to vegetation recovery. This information is helpful for researchers and decision makers to act on specific sites during restoration processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Arthroscopic repair with the biceps rerouting (BR) technique has been determined to lead to promising clinical and biomechanical outcomes for treating large-to-massive rotator cuff tears (LMRCTs). However, the in vivo effects of BR on glenohumeral kinematics during functional shoulder movements have not been fully elucidated. Purpose: To investigate whether BR provides a better restoration of shoulder kinematics compared with conventional rotator cuff repair (RCR). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Patients who underwent either repair with the BR technique (BR group) or RCR alone (RCR group) for treating LMRCTs between January 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled. They underwent a 1-year postoperative kinematic evaluation of bilateral shoulders by performing scapular-plane abduction with a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. Glenohumeral translation in the superior-inferior (S-I) and anterior-posterior (A-P) directions was assessed in shoulder abduction at 10° increments. Moreover, the mean, maximum, minimum, and range of glenohumeral translation were calculated throughout the entire movement. Results: A total of 9 patients were enrolled in each group for final analysis, and baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. In the RCR group, compared with contralateral shoulders, the operative shoulders showed increased superior humeral head translation during lower abduction angles of 30° to 50° (all P ≤.004), with a greater maximum (P =.014) and a larger range (P =.002) for S-I translation throughout the entire movement. In the BR group, no significant differences between operative and contralateral shoulders were detected in any kinematic variables for S-I translation (all P ≥.132); however, the operative shoulders exhibited a larger maximum (P =.031), a smaller minimum (P =.008), and a larger range (P <.001) for A-P translation throughout the entire movement compared with the contralateral shoulders. Conclusion: BR successfully reduced residual superior humeral head translation compared with conventional RCR and restored normal S-I glenohumeral kinematics in the treatment of LMRCTs. However, A-P glenohumeral kinematics was not fully restored after BR, and its effect on long-term clinical outcomes requires further investigation. Clinical Relevance: BR can be a promising technique to treat LMRCTs. However, its potential adverse effects on A-P glenohumeral kinematics should not be ignored, requiring further clinical evidence to determine long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The vegetation composition of northeastern North American forests has significantly changed since pre-settlement times, with a marked reduction in conifer-dominated stands, taxonomic and functional diversity. These changes have been attributed to fire regime shifts, logging, and climate change. Methods: In this study, we disentangled the individual effects of these drivers on the forest composition in southwestern Quebec from 1830 to 2000 by conducting retrospective modelling using the LANDIS-II forest landscape model. The model was run based on pre-settlement forest composition and fire history reconstructions, historical timber harvest records, and climate reanalysis data. We compared counterfactual scenarios excluding individual factors to a baseline historical scenario. Results and Conclusions: Our results indicated that timber harvesting had the greatest impact on forest dynamics over the past centuries. In the absence of timber harvesting, pre-settlement species abundances were largely maintained, preserving key functional traits like fire and shade tolerance that contribute to ecosystem resilience. Increased fire activity during the settlement period contributed to the increase of early-successional aspen (Populus tremuloides), but timber harvesting played the dominant role. Fire exclusion had no influence on vegetation composition, suggesting mesophication unfolds over longer timescales than those captured in this study. Climate change, characterized by modest increases in temperature and precipitation, had a minor effect on vegetation shifts, as increased precipitation might have mitigated the adverse effects of rising temperatures. However, future climate change is projected to become a more significant driver of forest composition. These findings underscore the importance of forest restoration and continued research on past forest dynamics to better understand current and future changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]