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This paper presents a promising winding technique which enables higher power-densities in partially superconducting electrical machines with a slotless stator, e.g., self-supporting windings. Firstly, the formulation for defining the skewing factor of the helical winding is given. Afterwards, the skew angle and how diverse winding configurations can be characterised as a function of this angle is explained, along with different parameters such as the skewing factor, the harmonic content of the magnetomotive force wave in the airgap or the resistance per phase of the winding. The sine-shaped winding, a particular case of helical winding, is shown, with which, thanks to the benefits of the additive manufacturing, a better electromagnetic performance is achieved. Finally, the implementation of the helical winding configuration in a slotless partially superconducting 2 MW high-power and high-voltage electric machine for electric aircraft propulsion is assessed, comparing the machine active part weight and their power density.

The hypoxic chemoreflex and the arterial baroreflex are implicated in the ventilatory response to exercise. It is well known that long-term exercise training increases parasympathetic and decreases sympathetic tone, both processes influenced by the arterial baroreflex and hypoxic chemoreflex function. Hypobaric hypoxia (i.e., high altitude [HA]) markedly reduces exercise capacity associated with autonomic reflexes. Indeed, a reduced exercise capacity has been found, paralleled by a baroreflex-related parasympathetic withdrawal and a pronounced chemoreflex potentiation. Additionally, it is well known that the baroreflex and chemoreflex interact, and during activation by hypoxia, the chemoreflex is predominant over the baroreflex. Thus, the baroreflex function impairment may likely facilitate the exercise deterioration through the reduction of parasympathetic tone following acute HA exposure, secondary to the chemoreflex activation. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to describe the main physiological mechanisms controlling baro- and chemoreflex function and their role in exercise capacity during HA exposure.

As part of a long-term research project aiming at generating a biomechanical model of a fossil human tongue from a carefully designed 3D Finite Element mesh of a living human tongue, we present a computer-based method that optimally registers 3D CT images of the head and neck of the living human into similar images of another primate. We quantitatively evaluate the method on a baboon. The method generates a geometric deformation field which is used to build up a 3D Finite Element mesh of the baboon tongue. In order to assess the method's ability to generate a realistic tongue from bony structure information alone, as would be the case for fossil humans, its performance is evaluated and compared under two conditions in which different anatomical information is available: (1) combined information from soft-tissue and bony structures; (2) information from bony structures alone. An Uncertainty Quantification method is used to evaluate the sensitivity of the transformation to two crucial parameters, namely the resolution of the transformation grid and the weight of a smoothness constraint applied to the transformation, and to determine the best possible meshes. In both conditions the baboon tongue morphology is realistically predicted, evidencing that bony structures alone provide enough relevant information to generate soft tissue.

Background Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) poses a significant challenge globally, often requiring surgical intervention for moderate to severe cases. Choosing between anterior and posterior surgical approaches remains controversial, highlighting the need to consider various factors such as sagittal balance and compression severity. Methods This retrospective cohort study described patients with DCM who underwent surgery at Carlos Van Buren Hospital between 2014 and 2021. Inclusion criteria involved clinical evidence of myelopathy and cervical spinal cord compression at two or more levels, with data collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 12 months. Results Of the 66 patients analyzed, both anterior and posterior approaches demonstrated substantial clinical improvements postoperatively, with 83% of patients showing overall improvement and 59.1% achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in mJOA scores. Notably, anterior surgeries showed slightly higher rates of MCID achievement and fewer instances of disease progression postoperatively compared to posterior surgeries. Conclusions Our descriptive findings underscore the benefits of both anterior and posterior surgical approaches for DCM, with slight outcome variations. Individualized treatment, considering factors such as clinical symptoms, compression type, and cervical alignment, is crucial. Future research should prioritize comprehensive outcome measures to inform treatment strategies.

Nir Haim Buras The Art of Classic Planning. Building Beautiful and Enduring Communities Harvard University Press and Belknap Press, 2019

Objetivo: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se crearon protocolos de atención para aplicar en unidades hospitalarias y atender a las poblaciones vulnerables, el objetivo fue describir las manifestaciones clínicas, la comorbilidad y la mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos con infección por SARS-CoV-2, así como las medidas sanitarias aplicadas por el personal de salud durante la estancia en unidades COVID. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de 1752 expedientes clínicos de pacientes que ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados respiratorios de un hospital de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México de mayo de 2021 a enero de 2022. Resultados: El 5% de la población estudiada contaba con diagnóstico previo de cáncer; el 59.1% eran neoplasias sólidas y el 40.9% hematológicas. Los pacientes con cáncer mostraron tasas más bajas de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) que los pacientes sin cáncer (8% frente a 17.4%), sin diferencias en la supervivencia. Conclusiones: Los pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados con COVID-19 no tuvieron tasas de supervivencia diferentes y fueron menos propensos a requerir cuidados en la UCI en comparación con los pacientes sin cáncer; esto se debe probablemente al trabajo en equipo multidisciplinario durante la pandemia.

Background: In Mexico, 29% of mortality resulting from SARS-CoV-2 was associated with one or more comorbidities. Diabetes mellitus was one of the most frequently increasing in-hospital mortality. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the impact of nosocomial infections in diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Materials and methods: An analysis of 930 patients with SARS-CoV-2 was performed, grouping data from April 2020 to December 2021. Survival, hospital stay, causative agents, antimicrobial resistance, and comorbidities were the variables of interest. Results: About 30% of patients had diabetes mellitus, which presented a greater number of concomitant comorbidities such as arterial hypertension in 50%, and chronic kidney disease in 13%. The survival function was higher in patients without diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The association between nosocomial infections and diabetes mellitus increased hospital length of stay and mortality, which is why multidisciplinary teams are important to carry out prevention programs and establish hospital sanitation measures.