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1. Scaling Laws for Floating Point Quantization Training

Author

Sun, Xingwu, Li, Shuaipeng, Xie, Ruobing, Han, Weidong, Wu, Kan, Yang, Zhen, Li, Yixing, Wang, An, Li, Shuai, Xue, Jinbao, Cheng, Yu, Tao, Yangyu, Kang, Zhanhui, Xu, Chengzhong, Wang, Di, and Jiang, Jie

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Hardware Architecture, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Low-precision training is considered an effective strategy for reducing both training and downstream inference costs. Previous scaling laws for precision mainly focus on integer quantization, which pay less attention to the constituents in floating-point quantization and thus cannot well fit the LLM losses in this scenario. In contrast, while floating-point quantization training is more commonly implemented in production, the research on it has been relatively superficial. In this paper, we thoroughly explore the effects of floating-point quantization targets, exponent bits, mantissa bits, and the calculation granularity of the scaling factor in floating-point quantization training performance of LLM models. While presenting an accurate floating-point quantization unified scaling law, we also provide valuable suggestions for the community: (1) Exponent bits contribute slightly more to the model performance than mantissa bits. We provide the optimal exponent-mantissa bit ratio for different bit numbers, which is available for future reference by hardware manufacturers; (2) We discover the formation of the critical data size in low-precision LLM training. Too much training data exceeding the critical data size will inversely bring in degradation of LLM performance; (3) The optimal floating-point quantization precision is directly proportional to the computational power, but within a wide computational power range, we estimate that the best cost-performance precision lies between 4-8 bits.

Published
2025

2. Structure of an axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer under adverse pressure gradient: a large-eddy simulation study

Author

Zhou, Di, Wang, Kan, and Wang, Meng

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Computational Physics, 76F40, 76F65
Abstract

The spatial characteristics and structure of an axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer under strong adverse pressure gradient and weak transverse curvature are investigated using incompressible large-eddy simulation. The boundary layer is on a $20^{\circ}$ tail cone of a body of revolution at a length-based Reynolds number of $1.9\times10^6$. The simulation results are in agreement with the experimental measurements of Balantrapu et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 929, 2021) and significantly expand the experimental results with new flow-field details and physical insights. The mean streamwise velocity profiles exhibit a shortened logarithmic region and a longer wake region compared with planar boundary layers at zero pressure gradient. With the embedded-shear-layer scaling, self-similarity is observed for the mean velocity and all three components of turbulence intensity. The azimuthal-wavenumber spectra of streamwise velocity fluctuations possess two peaks in the wall-normal direction, an inner peak at the wavelength of approximately 100 wall units and an outer peak in the wake region with growing strength, wavelength and distance to the wall in the downstream direction. Two-point correlations of streamwise velocity fluctuations show significant downstream growth and elongation of turbulence structures with increasing inclination angle. However, relative to the boundary-layer thickness, the correlation structures decrease in size in the downstream direction. The distributions of streamwise and wall-normal integral lengths across the boundary-layer thickness resemble those of zero-pressure-gradient planar boundary layers, whereas the azimuthal integral length deviates from the planar boundary-layer behavior at downstream stations.

Published
2025

3. Thin Accretion Disk Around Rotating Hairy Black Hole: Radiative Property and Optical Appearance

Author

Li, Zhen and Guo, Xiao-Kan

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

The gravitational decoupling method systematically generates hairy modifications to the solutions in general relativity due to new gravitational sources. In view of the recent advances in astronomical observations, these hairy solutions are expected to be testable in the near-term observations. In this paper, we study the radiative property and optical appearance of the thin accretion disk around the rotating hairy black holes obtained by gravitational decoupling. We numerically compute the radiative flux, temperature, and differential luminosity of the thin accretion disk, and we also show its bolometric image by the ray-tracing method. By comparing with the results for the Kerr metric, we found that the deviations of the observational properties of the thin accretion disk from those of Kerr metric becomes significant in the rapid rotating case, or in the inner region of the disk. These results guide the observational investigations on the rotating hairy black hole., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures

Published
2025

4. Engineered Mycobacterium tuberculosis triple-kill-switch strain provides controlled tuberculosis infection in animal models

Author

Wang, Xin, Su, Hongwei, Wallach, Joshua B., Wagner, Jeffrey C., Braunecker, Benjamin J., Gardner, Michelle, Guinn, Kristine M., Howard, Nicole C., Klevorn, Thais, Lin, Kan, Liu, Yue J., Liu, Yao, Mugahid, Douaa, Rodgers, Mark, Sixsmith, Jaimie, Wakabayashi, Shoko, Zhu, Junhao, Zimmerman, Matthew, Dartois, Véronique, Flynn, JoAnne L., Lin, Philana Ling, Ehrt, Sabine, Fortune, Sarah M., Rubin, Eric J., and Schnappinger, Dirk

Published
2025
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27. The protective effect of vitamin B12 on neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia-free older adults in a multi-ethnic population.

Author

Liao, Yingqi, Zhang, Haoran, Zhang, Yaping, Kan, Cheuk Ni, Chia, Rachel Sher Li, Chai, Yuek Ling, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chen, Christopher, and Xu, Xin

Abstract

Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), but the relationship between vitamin B12 and NPS remains unclear prior to the onset of dementia. The study aims to examine the association between vitamin B12 and NPS in dementia-free Asian older adults. This is a cross-sectional population-based study where multi-ethnic community-dwelling Asian participants (i.e. Chinese, Malay, Indian) aged ≥60 years underwent comprehensive neuropsychological and clinical assessments including the examination of clinical history and the collection of blood samples. NPS and subsyndromes were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine (Hcy) concentration were measured by competitive immunoassays. To analyse the relationship between vitamin B12 and NPS, hierarchical linear regression, multinomial regression and moderation analyses were performed. A total of 798 dementia-free individuals (age = 69.7 ± 6.5 years old, F = 408 (51.1 %)) were included in the current study. There were 80 (10 %) individuals with clinically relevant NPS (i.e. NPI scores ≥4). Higher vitamin B12 was associated with lower NPI total scores (p = 0.030) and apathy (p = 0.005), after controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, cognitive functioning, socioeconomic status and Hcy concentration. Participants with higher vitamin B12 was also less likely to have clinically relevant apathy (p = 0.007). The moderation effect of Hcy and cognitive functioning on the inverse association between vitamin B12 and NPS was observed. A protective effect of vitamin B12 on NPS and subsyndromes was observed in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort of dementia-free individuals. Future longitudinal studies are required to further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms between vitamin B12 and NPS in diverse ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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28. Target Trial Emulation Using Cohort Studies: Estimating the Effect of Antihypertensive Medication Initiation on Incident Dementia.

Author

Bennett, Erin E., Liu, Chelsea, Stapp, Emma K., Gianattasio, Kan Z., Zimmerman, Scott C., Wei, Jingkai, Griswold, Michael E., Fitzpatrick, Annette L., Gottesman, Rebecca F., Launer, Lenore J., Windham, B. Gwen, Levine, Deborah A., Fohner, Alison E., Glymour, M. Maria, and Power, Melinda C.

Abstract

Background: Observational studies link high midlife systolic blood pressure to increased dementia risk. However, the synthesis of evidence from randomized controlled trials has not definitively demonstrated that antihypertensive medication use reduces dementia risk. Here, we emulate target trials of antihypertensive medication initiation on incident dementia using three cohort studies, with attention to potential violations of necessary assumptions. Methods: We emulated trials of antihypertensive medication initiation on incident dementia using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, Cardiovascular Health Study, and Health and Retirement Study. We used data-driven methods to restrict participants to initiators and noninitiators with overlap in propensity scores and positive control outcomes to look for violations of positivity and exchangeability assumptions. Results: Analyses were limited by the small number of cohort participants who met eligibility criteria. Associations between antihypertensive medication initiation and incident dementia were inconsistent and imprecise (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities: HR = 0.30 [0.05, 1.93]; Cardiovascular Health Study: HR = 0.66 [0.27, 1.64]; Health and Retirement Study: HR = 1.09 [0.75, 1.59]). More stringent propensity score restrictions had little effect on findings. Sensitivity analyses using a positive control outcome unexpectedly suggested antihypertensive medication initiation increased the risk of coronary heart disease in all three samples. Conclusions: Positive control outcome analyses suggested substantial residual confounding in effect estimates from our target trials, precluding conclusions about the impact of antihypertensive medication initiation on dementia risk through target trial emulation. Formalized processes for identifying violations of necessary assumptions will strengthen confidence in target trial emulation and avoid inappropriate confidence in emulated trial results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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29. High-Performance Flexible Strain Sensors: The Role of In-Situ Cross-Linking and Interface Engineering in Liquid Metal–Carbon Nanotube-PDMS Composites

Author

Song, Jianan, Huang, Guangxing, Wei, Feng, Meng, Jiajia, and Zhang, Kan

Abstract

The increasing demand for high-performance strain sensors has driven the development of innovative composite systems. This study focused on enhancing the performance of composites by integrating liquid metal, carbon nanotubes, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in an innovative approach that involved advanced interface engineering, filler synergy, and in situ cross-linking of PDMS in solution. Surface modification of liquid metal with allyl disulfide and hydrogen-containing polydimethylsiloxane significantly improved its stability and dispersion within the polymer matrix. Through in situ cross-linking in solution and subsequent segment rearrangement after solvent evaporation, a continuous filler network was formed within the composite. The composites exhibited enhanced thermal stability, achieving a thermal conductivity of up to 2.13 W/(m·K) while simultaneously attaining a high electrical conductivity of 416 S/cm. The composite demonstrated excellent thermal management capabilities, alongside remarkable mechanical properties, including over 400% elongation at break and a low modulus of 0.587 MPa, even at high filler content. These attributes make the composite highly suitable for flexible strain sensor applications. Notably, the composite demonstrated outstanding strain sensing capabilities, effectively monitoring both human motion and handwriting. This work highlighted the critical roles of interface modification, filler interactions, and in situ cross-linking in achieving significant improvements in thermal, electrical, and sensing performance, thereby advancing the potential applications of flexible electronic materials.

Published
2025
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30. Enhanced Durability of Ca Metal Battery with Dual Salt: Synergistic Effect on Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Solvation Structure for Improved Electrodeposition

Author

Kisu, Kazuaki, Dorai, Arunkumar, Hatakeyama-Sato, Kan, Takano, Tomoya, Takagi, Shigeyuki, Oyaizu, Kenichi, and Orimo, Shin-ichi

Abstract

The use of Ca metal in battery technology is a promising approach owing to its high energy density and sustainability. However, the increased battery resistance during extended cycling significantly narrows its application range. This study aimed to improve the long-term stability of Ca deposition by employing a dual-salt strategy based on calcium monocarborane, Ca(CB11H12)2, which demonstrated favorable Ca deposition characteristics as a single-salt electrolyte. The addition of LiBr to Ca(CB11H12)2resulted in a low battery resistance even after 200 h of cycling in contrast to the single-salt electrolyte whose resistance gradually increased. The dual-salt effect was examined by investigating solvation structures and electrolyte decomposition products. The introduction of Li cations into Ca(CB11H12)2significantly altered the solid electrolyte interphase composition, effectively mitigating the increase in resistance during cycling. Furthermore, the inclusion of LiBr salt induced substantial changes in the solvation structures, reducing the number of solvent molecules surrounding Ca2+ions. This transformation was accompanied by a noticeable decrease in the amount of CaCO3among the electrolyte decomposition products and simultaneous increase in the polymer-based solid electrolyte interphase. The application of the dual-salt electrolyte comprising Ca(CB11H12)2and LiBr demonstrated robust cycling stability over extended periods in two-electrode cells utilizing Ca metal anodes and anthraquinone-based organic cathodes. The capacity retention remained at 75% after 200 cycles, indicating the highest performance observed among the previously reported batteries containing Ca metal anodes and organic cathodes in two-electrode cell systems. This study highlights the efficacy of the dual-salt approach based on the stability of Ca(CB11H12)2and its exceptional ability to enhance the long-term stability of Ca metal deposition, thereby significantly improving the practical application prospects of Ca-based batteries.

Published
2025
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31. Effects of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy and real-time fluorescent imaging on deep sternal wound infection: a retrospective study

Author

Li, Tse-Hsi, Lin, Cheng-Hsin, Peng, Chung-Kan, Wu, Yi-Chun, Hsieh, Tsung-Cheng, Lee, Chi-Hung, Liu, Yung-Ching, Huang, Kun-Lun, Tam, Ka-Wai, and Chang, Shun-Cheng

Abstract

Objective:Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a rare but devastating complication that is estimated to occur in 1–2% of patients after median sternotomy. Current standard of care (SoC) comprises antibiotics, debridement and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) appears to be an effective adjuvant therapy for osteomyelitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of HBOT and real-time fluorescence imaging (RTFI) in a DSWI treatment protocol and their benefits on infection control.Method:A retrospective analysis of DSWI management was performed. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups: HBOT group and RTFI group. Patients in the HBOT group received SoC, HBOT, NPWT and reconstructive flap surgery. Patients in the RTFI group received the same therapeutic plan as well as treatment with a RTFI device (MolecuLight i:X (MolecuLight, Inc., Canada) to achieve high-quality debridement. Infection status and short-term outcomes within three months were measured. Long-term outcomes were analysed at a 12-month follow-up.Results:Of the 55 patients enrolled: 22 in the HBOT group and 33 in the RTFI group. Infection control status, evaluated in terms of white blood cell counts and C-reactive protein levels, antibiotic use duration, antibiotic costs, reinfection rate and osteomyelitis recurrence rate, were statistically significantly improved in the RTFI group (<0.001, <0.001, 0.042, 0.022, 0.049 and 0.022, respectively). Length of total intensive care unit stay and duration of complete healing were statistically significantly decreased in the RTFI group (<0.001 and 0.046, respectively).Conclusion:Patients with DSWI can benefit from HBOT, especially in terms of in-hospital mortality. RTFI can be used to eliminate bacterial burden and achieve high-quality debridement, which considerably improves infection control and clinical outcomes.

Published
2025
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32. A Pendulum-Type Tunable Multidirectional Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester: Design, Fabrication, and Experiment

Author

Kan, Junwu, Yu, Yiyong, Wu, Silei, Lin, Yazhi, Liao, Weilin, Wang, Shuyun, and Zhang, Zhonghua

Abstract

Harvesting energy from environmental vibrations using piezoelectric mechanism has attracted much attention for powering wireless sensors over the past decades. To enhance the environmental adaptability of energy harvesters, a pendulum-type tunable multidirectional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PTM-PVEH) is proposed in this article. The PTM-PVEH consists of piezo-cantilevers and a multidirectional pendulum (MDP) which can oscillate in any direction and pluck the piezo-cantilever to only yield unidirectional compressive stress. Theoretical analysis and experimental test were performed to validate working parameters and structural parameters that influenced the power generation capabilities of PTM-PVEH. The results showed that PTM-PVEH was capable of harvesting omnidirectional vibration energy. Also, the resonant frequency of PTM-PVEH could be tuned from 15 to 11.5 Hz by adjusting the proof mass and the torsion radius to adapt to low-frequency environmental vibrations. Moreover, at arbitrary horizontal excitation angles, the maximum power fluctuation of PTM-PVEH was only 7%, which demonstrated that PTM-PVEH had good multidirectional consistency. Additionally, the optimum output power of PTM-PVEH could reach 4.73 mW with the load resistance of 400 k $\Omega $ at 11.5 Hz under the maximum excitation acceleration of 2 g. Furthermore, PTM-PVEH could light 100 LEDs as well as power a temperature sensor and a transmitter module continuously.

Published
2025
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33. Advanced Room-Temperature NIR Plasmonic Photodetection and Reconstructive Spectroscopy

Author

Abubakr, Eslam, Abadi, Ashenafi, Oshita, Masaaki, Saito, Shiro, Suzuki, Hironori, and Kan, Tetsuo

Abstract

While Au is commonly utilized in semiconductor fabrication, its interaction with Si yields unstable contacts, posing potential reliability concerns. In this work, Cr interlayers were integrated to improve interface properties, enhance charge carrier transport within a plasmonic photodetector, and ensure long-term stability, demonstrated by consistent responses under zero bias and room-temperature conditions over the span of a year. The induced Fermi level shifts and Schottky barrier lowering to 0.59 eV, improving responsivity and extending the operation range beyond 1850 nm with increased sensitivity, allowing for precise reconstructive spectroscopy (RS). This is promising for reliable compound identification based on specific bond absorbance properties while scaling down IR spectroscopy to chip level, promoting applications like environmental monitoring and gas detection.

Published
2025
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34. Global, regional, and national burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Leary, Peter J, Lindstrom, Megan, Johnson, Catherine O, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Rich, Stuart, Corris, Paul A, DuBrock, Hilary M, Ventetuolo, Corey E, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abualruz, Hasan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Aburuz, Salahdein, Adamu, Lawan Hassan, Adão, Rui, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Akhlaghi, Shiva, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Al Awaidy, Salah, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Albakri, Almaza, Aldawsari, Khalifah A, Almahmeed, Wael, Alshahrani, Najim Z, Altaf, Awais, Aly, Hany, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan, Amani, Reza, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anwar, Saleha, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Asmerom, Haftu Asmerom, Aujayeb, Avinash, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Babu, Abraham Samuel, Bagherieh, Sara, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Batra, Kavita, Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Bhalla, Jaideep Singh, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Vivek, Bitaraf, Saeid, Bitra, Veera R, Boloor, Archith, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Bulto, Lemma N, Bustanji, Yasser, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chi, Gerald, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chong, Bryan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Cindi, Zinhle, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, Dadana, Sriharsha, Dadras, Omid, Dahiru, Tukur, Dai, Xiaochen, Dashtkoohi, Mohadese, DeAngelo, Sean, Debopadhaya, Shayom, Demessa, Berecha Hundessa, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Dhulipala, Vishal R, Diaz, Michael J, Diress, Mengistie, Do, Thanh Chi, Do, Thao Huynh Phuong, Doan, Khanh Duy, dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Elhadi, Muhammed, Etaee, Farshid, Fabin, Natalia, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Feyisa, Bikila Regassa, Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia, Gandhi, Aravind P, Ganiyani, Mohammad Arfat, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Getie, Molla, Ghaffari Jolfayi, Amir, Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh, Goldust, Mohamad, Golechha, Mahaveer, Guan, Shi-Yang, Gudeta, Mesay Dechasa, Gupta, Mohak, Gupta, Rahul, Hadei, Mostafa, Hammoud, Ahmad, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat, Hay, Simon I, Hegazi, Omar E, Hemmati, Mehdi, Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc, Hultström, Michael, Huynh, Hong-Han, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iwu, Chidozie Declan, Jaggi, Khushleen, Jain, Akhil, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jee, Sun Ha, Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh, Jha, Anil K, Jokar, Mohammad, Joseph, Nitin, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kabir, Hannaneh, Kahe, Farima, Kamireddy, Arun, Kanmanthareddy, Arun R, Karimi, Hanie, Karimi Behnagh, Arman, Kazemian, Sina, Keshavarz, Pedram, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Kim, Min Seo, Kondlahalli, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah, Kothari, Nikhil, Krishan, Kewal, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Ashish, Latifinaibin, Kaveh, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Seung Won, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Shuke, Mahmoudi, Elham, Makram, Omar M, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manla, Yosef, Martorell, Miquel, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran, Merati, Mohsen, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mirdamadi, Niloofar, Misra, Arup Kumar, Mokdad, Ali H, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moraga, Paula, Morovatdar, Negar, Motappa, Rohith, Mousavi-Aghdas, Seyed Ali, Mustafa, Ahmad, Naik, Ganesh R, Najafi, Mohammad Sadeq, Najdaghi, Soroush, Nanavaty, Dhairya P, Narimani Davani, Delaram, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Niazi, Robina Khan, Oancea, Bogdan, Olanipekun, Titilope O, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Omar, Hany A, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Pan, Feng, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Parikh, Romil R, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Pham, Hoang Nhat, Pham, Hoang Tran, Philip, Anil K, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qian, Gangzhen, Rafferty, Quinn, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Mehran, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmanian, Mohammad, Rahmanian, Nazanin, Rahmati, Masoud, Rahmati, Rahem, Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed, Ramphul, Kamleshun, Rana, Juwel, Rao, Indu Ramachandra, Rashedi, Sina, Ravikumar, Nakul, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Ayita, Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Rezaei, Negar, Roy, Priyanka, Saad, Aly M A, Saddik, Basema Ahmad, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Saleh, Mohamed A, Sani, Najib Yahaya, Saraswati, Ushasi, Saravanan, Aswini, Saulam, Jennifer, Schuermans, Art, Schumacher, Austin E, Semagn, Birhan Ewunu, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shafeghat, Melika, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shamsi, Anas, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharma, Kamal, Sharma, Nitish, Sherif, Akil Adrian, Shiue, Ivy, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Singh, Harpreet, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sobia, Farrukh, Solanki, Ranjan, Solanki, Shipra, Spartalis, Michael, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabche, Celine, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tharwat, Samar, Thienemann, Friedrich, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Van den Eynde, Jef, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Verma, Madhur, Vervoort, Dominique, Vinayak, Manish, Viskadourou, Maria, Wang, Fang, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wilandika, Angga, Xu, Suowen, Yu, Chuanhua, Zare, Iman, Zeineddine, Mohammad A, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhu, Lei, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zyoud, Samer H, Murray, Christopher J L, and Roth, Gregory A

Abstract

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular disease characterised by restricted flow and high pressure through the pulmonary arteries, leading to progressive right heart failure and death. This study reports the global burden of PAH, leveraging all available data and using methodology of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to understand the epidemiology of this under-researched and morbid disease.

Published
2025
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35. Tailoring the Mechanical Properties and Foaming Behaviors of PLA/P4HBBlends by Using P4HB-g-GMAas Compatibilizer

Author

Li, Mingjiao, Chen, Xinyi, Feng, Qiyang, Fan, Wanyi, Ding, Yitong, Kan, Ze, and Li, Zhibo

Abstract

Synthetic poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB), a flexible and biodegradable polymer, shows great promise in improving the toughness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), but the inherent immiscibility of PLA and P4HB compromises the toughening efficiency. To address this issue, P4HB grafted glycidyl methacrylate (P4HB-g-GMA) is synthesized for the purpose of enhancing the compatibility within the PLA/P4HB blend. The epoxy groups on P4HB-g-GMA can form strong chemical bonds with PLA chains and remain compatible with P4HB. Rheological data confirm that adding P4HB-g-GMA enhances polymer chain entanglement. Therefore, the phase interface of the blend becomes more diffuse, leading to improved mechanical performance. Specifically, a 3D-printed PLA/P4HB/P4HB-g-GMA blend containing 8% P4HB-g-GMA (PLA/P4HB/G8) achieves an elongation at break of 161.5%, approximately 22.7 times higher than that of a PLA/P4HB blend without the modifier. Moreover, the PLA/P4HB/G8 blends show a higher volume expansion ratio (VER) and better cell morphology due to the increased melt strength from P4HB-g-GMA. This study demonstrates a simple and efficient method to improve the compatibility between PLA and P4HB, resulting in superior mechanical performance of PLA/P4HB blends and broadening their potential applications in foaming.

Published
2025
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36. Tranexamic acid versus placebo to prevent bleeding in patients with haematological malignancies and severe thrombocytopenia (TREATT): a randomised, double-blind, parallel, phase 3 superiority trial

Author

Estcourt, Lise J, McQuilten, Zoe K, Bardy, Peter, Cole-Sinclair, Merrole, Collins, Graham P., Crispin, Philip J., Curnow, Elinor, Curnow, Jennifer, Degelia, Amber, Dyer, Claire, Friebe, Adam, Floro, Lajos, Grand, Effie, Hudson, Cara, Jones, Gail, Joseph, Joanne, Kallmeyer, Charlotte, Karakantza, Marina, Kerr, Paul, Last, Sara, Lobo-Clarke, Maria, Lumley, Matthew, McMullin, Mary F, Medd, Patrick G., Morton, Suzy M., Mumford, Andrew D., Mushkbar, Maria, Parsons, Joseph, Powter, Gillian, Sekhar, Mallika, Smith, Laura, Soutar, Richard, Stevenson, William S., Subramoniapillai, Elango, Szer, Jeff, Thomas, Helen, Waters, Neil A., Wei, Andrew H., Westerman, David A., Wexler, Sarah A., Wood, Erica M., Stanworth, Simon J., Abioye, Adrienne, Afghan, Rabia, Ai, Sylvia Ai, Akanni, Magbor, Alajangi, Rajesh, Alam, Usmaan, Al-Bubseeree, Bahaa, Alderson, Sophie, Alderson, Craig, Ali, Sayed, Ali, Kabir, Alighan, Rookmeen, Allam, Rebecca Allam, Allen, Tania, Al-Sakkaf, Wesam, Ames, Kate, Anderson, Jacqueline, Andrews, Colin, Angel, Ann-Marie, Anlya, Manuela Anlya, Ansari, Farah, Appleby, Rowan, Arnold, Claire, Asbjornsdottir, Hulda, Asfaw, Biruk, Atkins, Elissa, Atkinson, Leela, Aubrey, Clare, Ayesha, Noor, Babbola, Lola, Badcock, David, Badcock, Samuel, Baggio, Diva, Bailiff, Ben, Baines, Kizzy, Baker, Holly, Baker, Victoria, Ball, Lindsay, Ball, Martin, Balquin, Irwin, Banks, Emma, Banos, George, Barnett, Jaytee, Barrie, Claire, Barron, Claire, Barton, Rebecca, Bason, Nina, Batta, Bindu, Bautista, Dianne, Bayley, Angela, Bayly, Emma, Baynes, Fionnuala, Bazargan, Ali, Bazeley, Rachel, Beadle, Yvonne, Beardsmore, Claire, Beattie, Kate, Beattie, Kate, Bedford, Caroline, Behal, Rachna, Behan, Daniel, Bejan, Lilihna, Bell, Sarah, Bell, Karen, Bell, Louise, Bell, Kaitlyn, Benjamin, Reuben, Bennett, Sam, Benson, Gary, Benson, Warwick, Bent, Cameron, Bergin, Krystal, Berry, Alex, Besenyei, Stephanie, Besley, Caroline, Betteridge, Scott, Beveridge, Leigh, Bhattacharyya, Abir, Billen, 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Amy, Holt, Chloe, Holton, Kelly, Homer, Lauren, Horne, Gillian, Horvath, Noemi, Hotong, Linda, Houdyk, Kristen, Houseman, Katy, Hoxhallari, Ilda, Hsu, Hannah, Hsu, Nina, Huang, Gillian, Hudson, Kerryn, Hufton, Melanie, Hughes, Timothy, Hughes, Siobhan, Hurley, Kate, Huxley, Rosie, Ibitoye, Temitope, Ibrouf, Abubaken, Inam, Farha, Indran, Tishya, Ingham, Karen, Innes, Calum, Irvine, David, Jaafar, Sarah, Jain, Manish, Jameson, Laura, Janjua, Pardeep, Jarvis, Rebecca, Jatheendran, Abirami, Javed, Abbie, Jen, Sheila, Jobanpura, Shailesh, Jobson, Irene, John, Deborah, Johns, Sophie, Johnston, Amanda, Jones, Hollie, Jones, Francesca, Joniak, Karolina, Jovanovic, Michael, Jovic, Anita, Joyce, Lauren, Judd, Andrew, Kakarlamudi, Sudhakar, Kakaroubas, Nick, Kalita, Maggie, Kam, Shirly, Kan, Julie, Kandle, P, Kanellopoulos, Alex, Kao, Chien, Kaparou, Maria, Kartsios, Charamlampos, Katsioulas, Vicki, Kaye, Russell, Keen, Katie, Kelly, Richard, Kelly, Pauline, Kelly, Donna, Kelly, Melanie, Kennedy, Glen, Kennedy, Nola, Kenny, Angela, Kenworthy, Zoe, Kerridge, Ian, Kesavan, Murali, Khafizi, Angelika, Khakwani, Muhammad, Khalid, Amna, Khamly, Kate, Khan, Anjum, Khan, Dalia, Khan, Mojid, Khan, Lubna, Khoo, Mona, Khwaja, Asim, Kim, Grace, King, Andrew, King, Vicky, King, Donna, Kinsella, Francesca, Kipp, David, Kirandeep, Pachoo, Kirui, Laura C., Kishore, Bhuvan, Knectlhi, Christopher, Knot, Amy, Knot, Armit, Ko, Cathy, Kolaric, Caitlin, Koo, Ray, Kotadia, Mary, Kothari, Jaimal, Kottaridis, Panagiotis D., Kuiluinathan, Gajan, Kulasekararaj, Austin, Kwan, John, Kwok, Marwan, Kwok, Phillip, Kwok, Fiona, Laane, Kristiina, Lad, Deena, Laird, Jennifer, Lam, Ada, Lane, Mary, Lanenco, Monica, Lang, Susan, Langridge, Alex, Langton, Catherine, Lannon, Michelle, Latif, Annie, Latimer, Maya, Latter, Ruth, Lau, I-Jun, Lawless, Sarah, Lawless, Theresa, Leach, Mike, Leaney, Sarah, Leary, Heather, Leavy, James, LeBlanc, Abbey, Lee, Vivienne, Lee, Edwin, Lee, Jenny, Lee, Tamara, Leischkie, Marian, Leitinger, Emma, Leon, Christopher, Leonard, Jayne, Lewis, David, Lewis, Ian, Lewis, Tania, Lim, Daniel, Littlewood, Kelly, Liu, Dara, Loh, Joanna, Lokare, Anand, Lokare, Anand, Lomas, Oliver, Lovell, Richard, Lowe, Theresa, Lowry, Lisa, Lubowiecki, Marcin, Lumb, Rebecca, Lynch, Gail, Macaulay, Amanda, MacDonald, Lyndsey, MacDonald-Burn, Jill, Macmillan, Margaret, Maddock, Karen, Mahaliyana, Tomas, Mahon, Cassandra, Maidment, Alison, Maier, Susie, Mairos, Michelle, Majid, Mahseeman, Mak, Ka L, Mak, Anne, Malendrayogau, Arunthrthy, Malham, Hana, Malyon, Felicity, Mandadapu, Vineela, Mandel, Laura, Mant, Sarah, Manton, Ruth, Maouche, Nadjoua, Maqbool, Muhammad G., Marchant, Gregory, Marinho, Mariana, Marks, David, Marner, Mike, Marr, Helen, Marshall, Gillian, Martin, Siobhan, Martin, Abigail, Marzolini, Maria, Mason, Kiara, Massie, Jonathan, Masson, Rebecca, Mathavan, Vidya, Mathew, Siju, Mathie, Judith, Mattocks, Lehenta, Maybury, Bernard, Mayer, Georgina, McAlister, Chyrelle, McAllister, Jo, McConnell, Stewart, McCracken, James, McCullagh, Liz, McCulloch, Rory, Mcdermott, Christopher, Mcdonald, Kerian, McGinniss, Laura, McGurk, Fiona, McIlwain, Jessica, McIver, Kirsten, Mckay, Pam, McKenna, Lorraine, Mclornan, Donal, McMahon, Coalon, McNeice, Linda, McNeill, Susan, McNickle, Molly, McQueen, Fiona, McRae, Simon, McTaggart, Bobby, Mehew, Jenny, Mehra, Varnn, Melly, Michelle, Menichelli, Tara, Micklethwatte, Ken, Mihailescue, Loredana, Mijovic, Aleksander, Millband, Hannah, Miller, Lucy, Millien, Samuel T., Milnthorpe, James, Minson, Adrian, Molnar, Eva, Monsour, Marc, Moody, Mary, Moon, Rebecca, Moore, Sally, Moore, Katy, Morgan, Kelly, Morralley, Rebecca, Morris, Denise, Morris, Kirk, Morrison, Nicole, Moss, Merinda, Mughal, Muhammad, Muir, Paul, Mukkath, David, Mulla, Aasiyu, Mulligan, Stephen, Mullings, Joanne, Mulqueen, Angela, Muluey, Caitlin, Murdoch, Sarah, Murrani, Sura, Murthy, Vidhya, Musngi, Jimmy, Mustafa, Nadreen, Mynes, Tracey, Nalpantidis, Anastasios, Nandurkar, Harshal, Nardone, Linda, Nasari, Latifa, Nasari, Latifa, Nash, Monica, Naylor, Georgina, Ngu, Loretta, Nguethina, Melissa, Nguyen, John, Nguyen, Joseph, Nichol, Wendy, Nicholls, Emma, Nicole, Catherine S., Nicolson, Phillip, Nielson, David, Nikolousis, Emmanouil, Nix, Georgina, Njoku, Rita, Norman, Jane, Norman, Amy, Norris, Phoebe, North, Daniel, Norwood, Megan, Notcheva, Gaynor, Novitzky-Basso, Igor, Nyaboko, Joseph, Nygren, Maria, Obu, Ingrid, O'Connell, Siobhan, O'Connor, Jody, O'Kelly, Deanna, O'Niell, Aideen, Ony, Jeremy, Oo, Kathy, Oo, April, Oppermann, Anne, Oppermann, Anne, Orr, Ruth, O'Sullivan, Mary, Page, Jennifer, Palfreyman, Emma, Paneesha, Shankaranarayana, Panicker, Shyam, Parbutt, Catherine, Parigi, Elesha, Paris, Gemma, Parker, Tracey, Parnell, Caroline, Parrish, Christopher, Parsons, Alex, Pasat, Mioara, Patel, Natasha, Patel, Vijay, Patel, Pooja, Patel, Chaya, Pati, Nalini, Patterson, Andrea, Paul, Lauren, Payet, Danielle, Payne, Elspeth, Peachey, Victoria, Pearson, Amanda, Peniket, Andy, Percy, Laura, Pereyra, Millicent, Pervaiz, Omer, Phalod, Gunjan D, Pham, Anh, Pho, Jason, Pickard, Keir, Pidcock, Michael, Piggin, Anna, Piggin, Anna, Pishyar, Yalda, Pocock, Abigail, Pol, Ranjendres, Polzella, Paolo, Poolan, Sonia, Portingale, Vicki, Posnett, Claire, Potluri, Sandeep, Potter, Victoria, Pratt, Guy, Prodger, Catherine, Pueblo, Andres, Puliyayil, Anish, Puvanakumar, Pratheepan, Qadri, Abdul, Quach, Hang, Quinn, Michael, Rafferty, Mark, Rahman, Marzia, Raj, Kavita, Raj, Sonia, Rajendran, Ramina, Ramanan, Radha, Ramasamy, Karthik, Rampotas, Alexandros, Ranchhod, Natasha, Rashid, Sabia, Ratanjee, Sunita, Rathore, Gurpreet, Ratnasingam, Sumita, Rayat, Manjit, Rayner, Michael, Reddell-Denton, Rebecca, Redding, Nicola, Reddy, Udaya, Rehman, Atique, Rice, Carol, Riches, Iwona, Rider, Thomas, Riley, John, Rinaldi, Ciro, Roberts, Kayleigh, Roberts, Andrew, Robertson, Bryony, Robertson, Peter, Robinson, Dan, Robinson, Rebecca, Robjohns, Emma, Robledo, Laura, Rodrigues, Ana, Rofe, Chris, Roff, Bridie, Rogers, Rachel, Rolt, Jill, Rooney, Carmela, Rose, Kathy, Rose, Hannah, Ross, David, Rouf, Shahara, Rourke, Claire, Routledge, David, Ruggiero, Janet, Rule, Simon, Rumsey, Richard, Sagge, Cherry, Saldhana, Helen, Salisbury, Richard, Salisbury, Sarah, Salvaris, Ross, Sanders, Kay, Sangombe, Mirriam, Sanigorska, Anna, Santos, Kristine, Sarkis, Taylah, Sarma, Anita, Saunders, Natalie, Schmidt, Kara, Schmidtmann, Anja, Schumacher, Ann, Scorer, Tom Scorer, Scott, Asleigh, Seath, Ingrid, Sejman, Frances, Selim, Adrian, Shamim, Nadia, Shan, Jocelyn, Shanmuganathan, Naranie, Shanmugaranjan, Shaminie, Sharpe, Michelle, Sharpley, Faye, Shaw, Emma, Sheath, Cara, Sheehy, Oonagh, Shen, Vivian, Sherbide, Solomon, Sheridan, Mathew, Sheridan, Jane, Sheridon, Matthew, Shields, Tracy, Sim, Hau V, Sim, Shirlene, Sims, Matt, Singaraveloo, Lydia, Singh, Gurcharan, Singh, Jasmine, Sladesal, Shree, Sloan, Andrew, Slobodian, Peter, Smith, Sophie, Smith, Sarit, Smith, Claire, Smith, Alastair, Smith, Neil, Snowden, Katherine, Solis, Joel, Somios, Denise, Soo, Jade, Spanevello, Michelle, Spaulding, Madeleie, Spence, Laura, Spillane, Liz, Spiteri, Alisha, Sprigg, Naomi, Springett, Sally, Stafford, Lynn, Stainthorp, Katherine, Stark, Kate, Steeden, Louise, Stephen, Ella, Stephenson, Aisling, Stewart, Andrew, Stewart, Orla, Stobie, Emma, Stokes, Chelsea, Streater, Jacqui, Suddens, Charlie-Marie, Suntharalingam, Surenthini, Surana, Narinder, Sutherland, Robyn, Sutherland, Antony, Sutton, David, Sweeney, Connor, Sweet, Reilly, Szucs, Aniko P, Taheri, Leila E., Tailor, Hinesh, Tam, Constantine, Tam, Constantine, Tambakis, George, Tamplin, Mary, Tan, Chee, Tan, Sui, Tan, Joanne, Tan, Zhi, Taran, Tatiana, Tarpey, Fiona, Taseka, Angela, Tasker, Suzy, Tatarczuch, Maciej, Tayabali, Sarrah, Taylor, Hannah, Taylor, Robert, Taylor, Melaine, Taylor-Moore, Ella, Teasdale, Lesley, Tebbet, Elizabeth, Tedjasepstra, Aditya, Tedjaseputra, Aditya, Tepkumkun, Oummy, Terpstra, Andrew, Thomas, Wayne, Thomas, Shanice, Thompson, Rachel, Thornton, Thomas, Thorp, Bronwyn, Thrift, Moi Yap, Thwaites, Phillipa, Timbres, Jasmine, Tindall, Lauren, Tiong, Ing Soo, Tippler, Nicole, Todd, Tony, Todd, Shirley, Toghill, Neil, Tomlinson, Eve, Tooth, Jacinta, Topp, M., Trail, Nicola, Tran, Nguyen, Tran, Elizabeth, Tran, Vi, Treder, Bona, Tribbeck, Michelle, Trochowski, Siobhan, Truslove, Maria, Tse, Tsun, Tseu, Bing, Tucker, David, Turner, Kelly, Turner, Dianne, Turner, Kelly, Turner, Herleen, Turner, Gillian, Twohig, Julie, Tylee, Thomas, Uhe, Micheleine, Underhill, Lauren, V, Joanne, Van der Vliet, Georgina, Van Tonder, Tina, VanderWeyden, Carrie, Varghese, Jerry, Vaughan, Lachlan, Veale, David, Vickaryyous, Nicky, Vince, Kathryn, Von Welligh, Jacoba, Vora, Sona, Vora, Sona, Wadehra, Karan, Walker, Rebecca, Walker, Stephen, Wallace, Roslyn, Wallniosve, Stephanie, Wallwork, S., Walmsley, Zoe, Walters, Fiona, Wang, Joyce, Wang, Angela, Wang, Chen, Wanyika, Mercy, Warcel, Dana, Wardrobe, Katrina, Warnes, Kristian, Waterhouse, Christopher, Waterworth, Adam, Watson, Caroline, Watson, Edmund, Watts, Emily, Weaver, Emma, Weber, Nicholas, Webley, Kaytie, Welford, Anna, Wells, Matt, Westbury, Sarah, Westcott, Jackie, Western, Robyn, Weston, Julia, White, Jessica, White, Phillipa, Whitehead, Anna, Whitehouse, James, Wieringa, Samantha, Willan, John, Williams, Sandra, Williams, Bethany, Williamson, Stephanie, Willoughby, Brett, Wilmot, Gail, Wilmott, Rosalind, Wilson, Joanna, Wilson, Emma, Wilson, Suzy, Wilson, Heather, Wilson, Caroline, Wilson, Tanya, Wilton, Margaret, Wiltshire, Paula, Wincup, Joanne, Wolf, Julia, Wong, Henna, Wong, Cyndi, Wong, Daniel, Wong, Jonathan, Wong, Shi Qin, Wood, Sarah, Wood, Henry, Wooding, Jackie, Woolley, Kelly, Wright, Myles, Wright, Myles, Wynn-Williams, Roland, Yannakou, Costas, Yeoh, Zhi Han, Yeoh, Zhi Han, Yeung, David, Young, Agnes, Yuen, Flora, Yuen, Agnes, Zaja, Oliver, Zhang, Xiao-Yin, and Zhang, Mei

Abstract

Bleeding is common in patients with haematological malignancies undergoing intensive therapy. We aimed to assess the effect of tranexamic acid on preventing bleeding and the need for platelet transfusions.

Published
2025
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37. Variable-Gain LLC Converter With Series–Parallel Hybrid Switch-Controlled Capacitor Network

Author

Gao, Li, Liu, Kan, Chen, Yongdan, Luan, Haozhe, Zhou, Shichao, Cai, Huaqiang, Chen, Jinya, Zhou, Jing, and Huang, Chao

Abstract

In this article, a variable-gain LLC converter with a series–parallel hybrid switch-controlled capacitor network is proposed. By tuning the duty cycle of two controlled switches, the resonant capacitance of converter can be regulated and will slightly shift the parameters of resonant tank. Meanwhile, the added switches will be turned on at the zero-crossing point of resonant current to guarantee soft switching. Besides, a mode switching scheme based on the modulation of both switching frequency and capacitance is proposed, by which a group of converter voltage gain curves can be obtained and consequently expands its operation range. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design, a 250 W prototype converter is designed and tested under different loads and modes. It shows that the proposed design can retain the characteristics of conventional LLC converter, such as soft switching and high efficiency, while it can achieve a wider range of input voltage and a robust control of output voltage against disturbances from input voltage.

Published
2025
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38. Tannic acid-loaded inorganic-organic coating on magnesium bone nails for enhanced antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and corrosion resistance

Author

Xu, Sirui, Dong, Chuanyao, Yu, Xiaolin, Lv, Tianshu, Zeng, Dapeng, Li, Ruiyan, Bao, Xingfu, and Zhang, Kan

Abstract

In fracture fixation surgery, an ideal bone nail implant should initially provide stable support for the fractured bone and subsequently promote callus formation and bone remodeling. Magnesium alloy is a promising material due to its high mechanical strength, strong osteoinductive ability, superior biodegradability, and density comparable to that of natural bone. However, its excessive corrosion rate and susceptibility to bacterial infection have significantly limited its use as an intramedullary nailing material. Here, we develop a dual-layer structural coating with the micro-arc oxidation layer and tannic acid-doped chitosan layer (TA-CS/MAO) on the magnesium alloy from bottom to up. The micro-arc oxidation layer improves adhesion to the magnesium alloy, while the addition of chitosan increases coating density through interlaced pores. This composite coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy, positively shifting its corrosion potential by 1096 mV, current density to 4.93 × 10⁻⁹ A/cm2, and increasing impedance to 10⁶ Ω·cm2, thereby ensuring prolonged structural stability and support for bone healing. Moreover, the incorporation of tannic acid and chitosan imparts strong antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, achieving over 90% bacterial inhibition in vitro, mitigating infection risks, and enhancing osteogenic activity. In vivo experiments confirmed that the magnesium implant with the TA-CS/MAO coating exhibits superior antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteoinductive properties. This inorganic-organic composite coating presents a promising strategy for enhancing the corrosion resistance and biomedical properties of magnesium alloys, with potential applications in other implant materials, such as titanium alloys.

Published
2025
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39. Repeat thrombectomy after large vessel re-occlusion: a propensity score matched analysis of technical and clinical outcomes

Author

Zohdy, Youssef M, Saad, Hassan, Howard, Brian M, Cawley, C Michael, Pabaney, Aqueel, Akbik, Feras, Dimisko, Laurie, Maier, Ilko, Spiotta, Alejandro M, Jabbour, Pascal, Wolfe, Stacey Q, Rai, Ansaar, Kim, Joon-tae, Mascitelli, Justin, Starke, Robert M, Shaban, Amir, Yoshimura, Shinichi, De Leacy, Reade, Kan, Peter, Fragata, Isabel, Polifka, Adam J, Arthur, Adam S, Park, Min S, Matouk, Charles, Levitt, Michael R, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I, Liman, Jan, Waiters, Vanesha, Pradilla, Gustavo, Fargen, Kyle M, Alawieh, Ali, and Grossberg, Jonathan A

Abstract

BackgroundEndovascular thrombectomy (EVT) remains the standard of care for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. However, the safety and efficacy of repeat thrombectomy (rEVT) in recurrent LVO remains unclear. This study uses a large real-world patient cohort to study technical and clinical outcomes after rEVT.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study including patients who underwent thrombectomy between January 2013 and December 2022. Data were included from 21 comprehensive stroke centers globally through the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR). Patients undergoing single EVT or rEVT within 30 days of LVO stroke were included in the study. Propensity score matching was used to compare patients undergoing single EVT versus rEVT.ResultsOut of a total of 7387 patients who underwent thrombectomy for LVO stroke, 90 (1.2%) patients underwent rEVT for the same vascular territory within 30 days. The median (IQR) time to re-occlusion was 2 (1–7) days. Compared with a matched cohort of patients undergoing a single EVT procedure, patients undergoing rEVT had a comparable rate of good functional outcome and mortality rate, but a higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). There was a significant reduction in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of patients who underwent rEVT at discharge compared with baseline (−4.8±11.4; P=0.006). The rate of successful recanalization was similar in the single thrombectomy and rEVT groups (78% vs 80%, P=0.171) and between index and rEVT performed on the same patient (79% vs 80%; P=0.593).ConclusionShort-interval rEVT is associated with an improvement in the NIHSS score following large vessel re-occlusion. Compared with single thrombectomy, there was a higher rate of sICH with rEVT, but without a significant impact on rates of functional independence or mortality.

Published
2025
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40. The impact of postoperative aspirin in patients undergoing Woven EndoBridge: a multicenter, institutional, propensity score-matched analysis

Author

Dmytriw, Adam A, Musmar, Basel, Salim, Hamza, Aslan, Assala, Cancelliere, Nicole M, McLellan, Rachel M, Algin, Oktay, Ghozy, Sherief, Dibas, Mahmoud, Lay, Sovann V, Guenego, Adrien, Renieri, Leonardo, Carnevale, Joseph Anthony, Saliou, Guillaume, Mastorakos, Panagiotis, El Naamani, Kareem, Shotar, Eimad, Premat, Kevin, Mo¨hlenbruch, Markus A, Kral, Michael, Doron, Omer, Chung, Charlotte, Salem, Mohamed M, Lylyk, Ivan, Foreman, Paul M, Vachhani, Jay A, Shaikh, Hamza, Župančić, Vedran, Hafeez, Muhammad Ubaid, Catapano, Joshua S, Waqas, Muhammad, Tutino, Vincent M, Ibrahim, Mohamed K, Mohammed, Marwa A, Imamoglu, Cetin, Bayrak, Ahmet, Rabinov, James D, Ren, Yifan, Schirmer, Clemens M, Piano, Mariangela, Kuhn, Anna Luisa, Michelozzi, Caterina, Elens, Stephanie, Hasan, Zuha, Starke, Robert M, Hassan, Ameer E, Ogilvie, Mark, Nguyen, Anh, Jones, Jesse, Brinjikji, Waleed, Nawka, Marie Teresa, Psychogios, Marios-Nikos, Ulfert, Christian, Diestro, Jose Danilo Bengzon, Pukenas, Bryan, Burkhardt, Jan Karl, Huynh, Thien J, Martinez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos, Essibayi, Muhammed Amir, Sheth, Sunil A, Spiegel, Gary, Tawk, Rabih, Lubicz, Boris, Panni, Pietro, Puri, Ajit S, Pero, Guglielmo, Nossek, Erez, Raz, Eytan, Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika, Griessenauer, Christoph J, Asadi, Hamed, Siddiqui, Adnan H, Brook, Allan L, Altschul, David, Ducruet, Andrew F, Albuquerque, Felipe C, Regenhardt, Robert W, Stapleton, Christopher J, Kan, Peter, Kalousek, Vladimir, Lylyk, Pedro, Boddu, Srikanth Reddy, Knopman, Jared, Aziz-Sultan, Mohammad A, Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I, Clarencon, Frédéric, Limbucci, Nicola, Cuellar, Hugo H, Jabbour, Pascal M, Pereira, Vitor M, Patel, Aman B, and Adeeb, Nimer

Abstract

BackgroundThe Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device is frequently used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Postoperative management, including the use of aspirin, varies among clinicians and institutions, but its impact on the outcomes of the WEB has not been thoroughly investigated.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter study involving 30 academic institutions in North America, South America, and Europe. Data from 1492 patients treated with the WEB device were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their postoperative use of aspirin (aspirin group: n=1124, non-aspirin group: n=368). Data points included patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, procedural details, complications, and angiographic and functional outcomes. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance variables between the two groups.ResultsPrior to PSM, the aspirin group exhibited significantly higher rates of modified Rankin scale (mRS) mRS 0–1 and mRS 0–2 (89.8% vs 73.4% and 94.1% vs 79.8%, p<0.001), lower rates of mortality (1.6% vs 8.6%, p<0.001), and higher major compaction rates (13.4% vs 7%, p<0.001). Post-PSM, the aspirin group showed significantly higher rates of retreatment (p=0.026) and major compaction (p=0.037) while maintaining its higher rates of good functional outcomes and lower mortality rates. In the multivariable regression, aspirin was associated with higher rates of mRS 0–1 (OR 2.166; 95% CI 1.16 to 4, p=0.016) and mRS 0–2 (OR 2.817; 95% CI 1.36 to 5.88, p=0.005) and lower rates of mortality (OR 0.228; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.83, p=0.025). However, it was associated with higher rates of retreatment (OR 2.471; 95% CI 1.11 to 5.51, p=0.027).ConclusionsAspirin use post-WEB treatment may lead to better functional outcomes and lower mortality but with higher retreatment rates. These insights are crucial for postoperative management after WEB procedures, but further studies are necessary for validation.

Published
2025
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41. Diversity, Identity, and Data

Author

Topaz, Chad M., Brooks, Heather Z., Kan, Unchitta, Sandstede, Björn, and Smith, Christian Michael

Abstract

AbstractWhile quantitative approaches cannot replace disciplinary insights from the social sciences and humanities, they can sometimes provide new perspectives. Building on research from psychology and organizational theory, we use a mathematical framework to study the interplay of two group-level characteristics: diversity, defined as the distribution of identity characteristics, and shared identity, denoting the extent to which these characteristics are shared amongst individuals. Although these quantities are theoretically independent, we find a strong negative correlation between them in two sample data sets, namely, principal creative contributors to Hollywood hit movies and American Community Survey data on state populations.

Published
2025
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42. Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Subdural Hematoma

Author

Chen, Huanwen, Colasurdo, Marco, and Kan, Peter

Abstract

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is a common neurosurgical disease that is increasing in incidence worldwide. While surgical evacuation can relieve mass effect and alleviate neurologic symptoms, drainage alone does not address underlying cSDH pathophysiology, likely resulting in high rates of recurrence. Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) has emerged as a promising adjunct to conventional cSDH to reduce recurrence risk. Despite positive results from multiple randomized controlled trials demonstrating MMAE efficacy, questions remain about its optimal role in routine patient care. This review summarizes the contemporary management of cSDH, discusses the emerging role of MMAE, and highlights lingering questions and future directions.

Published
2025
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43. Human microglia polarization following infection with the Lyme disease spirochete

Author

Akinlusi, Idris, Kan, Brian, Shi, Ted, Barragan, Jose, Bouchot, Carlos, and Cervantes, Jorge

Abstract

Infection with Borrelia burgdorferican spread and cause central nervous system involvement, known as neuroborreliosis. Microglia phagocytose bacteria, mediate inflammation, and elicit an immune response toward the spirochete. Like other tissue macrophages, microglia can polarize into two different modulatory phenotypes, M1 and M2. We explored human microglial polarization changes upon infection with B. burgdorferi. HMC3 human microglia cell line was infected with B. burgdorferifor 24 h. Expression of polarization markers was evaluated via flow cytometry at 4 and 24 h. Secreted immunological mediators were evaluated using a multiplex ELISA system at 4, 18, and 24 h. An early decrease followed by a later increase in expression of M1 polarization marker iNOS was observed at 4 h, and 24 h, respectively. A decrease in M2 marker CX3CR1 occurred at 24 h. There were no changes in expression of M1 markers CD14, or in M2 markers CD163 and CD206. Multiplex ELISA evidenced an increase in secretion of activation markers MIP-1α, MIP- 1β, IP-10, chemotactic factor MCP-1, M1 polarization cytokine IL-8, and VEGF, at 4, 18, and 24 h. A decrease of iNOS at 4 h of infection suggests a diminished production of reactive nitrogen species that are a critical component of innate defense against infection. Increased iNOS and simultaneously decreased expression of CX3CR1 at 24 h, may suggest initiation of neuroprotective regulation of microglia recruitment to neuroinflammation. The dynamics of major inflammatory cytokines appear to be important in the microglial response to B. burgdorferiand should be further studied as these could become therapeutic targets in neuroborreliosis.

Published
2025
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44. Effect of video-based interventions on emergence delirium in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Author

Wang, Yue, Wang, Lifang, Liang, Nan, and Wang, Kan

Abstract

Emergence delirium is frequently observed in pediatric patients. With advancements in video-based interventions, such as cartoons, video games, and virtual reality, these modalities may contribute to a reduced incidence of emergency delirium among children. However, robust evidence supporting their efficacy remains necessary.

Published
2025
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45. Conferring alloantigen specificity to regulatory T cells: A comparative analysis of cell preparations undergoing clinical development in transplantation

Author

Kurt, Ada Sera, Ruiz, Paula, Landmann, Emmanuelle, Elgosbi, Marwa, Kan Fung, Tsz, Kodela, Elisavet, Londoño, Maria-Carlota, Correa, Diana Marin, Perpiñán, Elena, Lombardi, Giovanna, Safinia, Niloufar, Martinez-Llordella, Marc, and Sanchez-Fueyo, Alberto

Abstract

Conferring alloantigen-specificity to ex vivo expanded CD4+CD25+FOXP3+regulatory T cells (Tregs) increases their capacity to counteract effector alloimmune responses following adoptive transfer into transplant recipients. Three strategies are currently undergoing clinical development, which involve the following: (1) expanding Tregs in the presence of donor B cells (donor alloantigen-reactive [DAR] Tregs); (2) culturing Tregs with donor cells in the presence of costimulation blockade (CSB-Tregs); and (3) transducing Tregs with an human leukocyte antigen A2–specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-Tregs). Our goal in this study was to assess the relative potency of each of these manufactured Treg products both in vitro and in vivo. When compared with polyclonal Tregs, all 3 manufacturing strategies increased the precursor frequency of alloreactive Tregs, and this was proportional to the overall in vitro immunosuppressive properties of the cell products. Accordingly, CAR-Tregs, which contained the highest frequency of donor-reactive Tregs, exhibited the strongest suppressive effects on a cell-per-cell basis. Similarly, in an in vivo mouse model of graft-vs-host disease, infusion of CAR-Tregs conferred a significantly longer recipient survival than any other Treg product. Our results highlighting the alloantigen-reactivity and associated immunosuppressive properties of different manufactured Treg products have implications for the mechanistic interpretation of currently ongoing clinical trials in transplantation.

Published
2025
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48. Lead-free perovskite Cs3Sb2Cl3I6 via additive engineering for enhancing output performance of optoelectronic and triboelectric coupled nanogenerator.

Author

Ding, Ling, Wei, Zhan, Zeng, Xiao-Yan, Fang, Kan, and Wang, Gui-Gen

Abstract

Perovskite-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are emerging as promising renewable energy devices that achieve optoelectronic and triboelectric coupling on their own to improve electric output. Nevertheless, the coupled electric output is susceptible to low triboelectric and optoelectronic properties due to internal defects of perovskites and limitations in film quality. Hence, in this work, additive engineering was used to introduce poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer into lead-free perovskite Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 3 I 6 precursor to modulate the crystal growth and passivate the crystal defects and optimize film quality, which can synergistically optimize optoelectronic and triboelectric properties. Under illumination, the open-circuit voltage (V O C) and the short circuit current (I SC) of unmodified Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 3 I 6 -based TENG are 116 V and 11.4 μA through optoelectronic and triboelectric coupling effects, respectively. In contrast, the V O C and I SC of TENG based on Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 3 I 6 modified by PEO are up to 184 V and 19.1 μA, respectively, which increases by 58.62 % and 67.54 %. The maximum power density can reach 2.13 W m−2. Most importantly, the PEO-modified Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 3 I 6 -based TENG exhibits excellent stability, which can maintain 90.9 % of its initial triboelectric output within 40 days. This work declares that ligand modification is an effective strategy to improve the electric output of coupled TENG, providing a new perspective for achieving high-performance perovskite-based TENG, and photothermal therapy by monitoring both human motion and environmental light intensity. [Display omitted] • Additive engineering is used to improve the quality of Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 3 I 6 perovskite layer and tune its electronic properties. • The optoelectronic and triboelectric coupled output of Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 3 I 6 //PDMS TENG is greatly improved by PEO modification. • Cs 3 Sb 2 Cl 3 I 6 -based TENG can monitor human motion and light intensity which has great application potential for phototherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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49. Piezoelectric-enhanced ultrasensitive ZnO/Ag microcavity SERS substrate for dopamine detection.

Author

Deng, Wenjie, Yuan, Long, Wan, Peng, Sun, Junlu, Kan, Caixia, Shi, Daning, Xu, Chunxiang, and Lu, Junfeng

Abstract

In the complex human body fluids, neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA) play a significant role in regulating physiological functions, thereby impacting the normal functioning of biological activities. Hence, employing a rapid and non-destructive analytical technique for precise measurement of these molecules is crucial. Here, a novel piezoelectric-enhanced ZnO/Ag microcavity SERS substrate was designed, enabling ultra-sensitive and instantaneous detection of DA molecules. This substrate achieves exceptional trace detection performance, with a detection limit for Rhodamine 6 G (R6G) molecules as low as 5×10−13 M and a EF of 1.05×1011, DA can be accurately identified even at exceedingly low concentrations, demonstrating outstanding capabilities in trace detection. This innovative structure not only represents a breakthrough in the rapid trace detection of neurotransmitters but also introduces new avenues for research and diagnostics in fields such as precision medicine, neuroscience, and pharmaceutical development. [Display omitted] • A piezoelectric-enhanced ZnO/Ag NPs microcavity SERS substrate is proposed. • The detection limit for R6G has been achieved at 5×10−13 M, with an EF of 1.05×1011. • This substrate is capable of detecting dopamine at concentrations as low as 10−13 M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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50. Intra-myocardial hemorrhage and cardiac microvascular injury in ischemia/reperfusion. A systematic review of current evidences.

Author

Zavadovsky, Konstantin V., Ryabov, Vyacheslav V., Vyshlov, Evgeny V., Mochula, Olga V., Sirotina, Maria, Kan, Artur, Mukhomedzyanov, Alexander V., Derkachev, Ivan A., Voronkov, Nikita S., Mochula, Andrey V., Maksimova, Alexandra S., and Maslov, Leonid N.

Abstract

The in-hospital mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains high despite the undoubted achievements in treatment of this disease achieved in the last 40 years. The dangerous complications of AMI remain cardiac microvascular injury (CMI) and intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH). IMH is a widespread pathology that occurs in 42 – 57% of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention. IMH is associated with larger infarct size and contractile dysfunction. IMH is accompanied by inflammation. The appearance of IMH is depending on the duration of ischemia and requires reperfusion of the heart. IMH is accompanied by contractile dysfunction and adverse remodeling of the heart. The most likely cause of IMH is CMI. Pretreatment with ATL-146e, melatonin, tanshinone IIA, relaxin, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and astragaloside IV can mitigate I/R-induced CMI. CMI is accompanied by an increase in the myocardial and plasma proinflammatory cytokine levels and also the downregulation of tight junction proteins in cardiac vascular endothelial cells. However, there is no convincing evidence that proinflammatory cytokines trigger CMI. An increase in the proinflammatory cytokine levels and CMI could be two independent processes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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