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The lack of adequate educommunicative training often results in the problematic use of ICT by adolescents, leading to various issues such as anxiety, depression, isolation, and the deterioration of intra- and interpersonal relationships, language impoverishment, and even aggression. In relation to the latter, the significant increase in child-to-parent violence in recent years is noteworthy, emerging as a concerning problem in multiple countries. Therefore, this study conducts a systematic review based on the PRISMA method to identify the most suitable instruments for assessing potential inappropriate use of ICT in adolescents and the child-to-parent violence stemming from it. The databases employed include Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, WorldCat, PubMed, PubPsych, and Dialnet, yielding a total of 224 instruments. Of these, fifteen scales were analyzed based on their characteristics and psychometric properties. After applying exclusion criteria, the ERA-RSI scale, the UPNT Questionnaire, and the CPV-Q-P were chosen. The complementarity of these three instruments allows for an exploration of the issue’s current state and provides a holistic perspective that facilitates the design of appropriate educommunicative training benefiting all stakeholders and establishes measures to prevent both the inappropriate use of ICT and manifestations of child-to-parent violence arising from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Filamentous fungi exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse substrates and can synthesize a plethora of secondary metabolites. These metabolites, produced in response to environmental stimuli, not only confer selective advantages but also encompass potentially deleterious mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, exemplified by those originating from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species, represent challenging hazards to both human and animal health, thus warranting stringent regulatory control. Despite regulatory frameworks, mycotoxin contamination remains a pressing global challenge, particularly within cereal-based matrices and their derived by-products, integral components of animal diets. Strategies aimed at mitigating mycotoxin contamination encompass multifaceted approaches, including biological control modalities, detoxification procedures, and innovative interventions like essential oils. However, hurdles persist, underscoring the imperative for innovative interventions. This review elucidated the prevalence, health ramifications, regulatory paradigms, and evolving preventive strategies about two prominent mycotoxins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Furthermore, it explored the emergence of new fungal species, and biocontrol methods using lactic acid bacteria and essential mustard oil, emphasizing their efficacy in mitigating fungal spoilage and mycotoxin production. Through an integrative examination of these facets, this review endeavored to furnish a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by mycotoxin contamination and the emergent strategies poised to ameliorate its impact on food and feed safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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