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Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can cause severe respiratory tract and invasive infections. The emergence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) strains and unclear correlations between genotypic (i.e., gBLNAR) and phenotypic resistance are challenging empirical treatments and patient management. Thus, we sought to revisit molecular resistance mechanisms and to identify new resistance determinants of H. influenzae. Methods We performed a systematic meta-analysis of H. influenzae isolates (n = 291) to quantify the association of phenotypic ampicillin and cefotaxime resistance with previously defined resistance groups, i.e., specific substitution patterns of the penicillin binding protein PBP3, encoded by ftsI. Using phylogenomics and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we investigated evolutionary trajectories and novel resistance determinants in a public global cohort (n = 555) and a new clinical cohort from three European centers (n = 298), respectively. Results Our meta-analysis confirmed that PBP3 group II- and group III-related isolates were significantly associated with phenotypic resistance to ampicillin (p

High-intensity ultrasound systems for medical therapy must be carefully designed, implemented, and applied to avoid tissue damage or injury considering stimulation and relaxation time, frequency, and intensity of ultrasound. Based on these concerns and considering a test three-layer animal tissue consisting of skin, muscle, and bone, we determined the frequency and intensity at which ultrasound effectively stimulates the test animal tissues. In addition, from these ultrasound frequencies and intensities, and taking care the critical temperature recommended to preserve the integrity of the human tissue and avoid any tissue injury, we determine the stimulation and relaxation times. For this purpose, we performed a multiphysics simulation that describes the spatial and temporal dynamics of the thermoacoustic effect of ultrasound applied to test animal tissues. To practically demonstrate this ultrasound behavior, we perform an experimental setup based on an electronic HITU device designed and implemented to freely adjust the ultrasound intensity and frequency, as well as the stimulation time of the test animal tissues. Finally, we conclude that, depending on the test tissue, an ultrasound therapy system should allow the selection of the intensity and frequency of applied ultrasound, as well as the stimulation time to avoid tissue injury, which can be considered by health ministries around the world.

Ante los retos por la necesidad de fertilizantes para mantener la producción agrícola, ocurre naturalmente un proceso biológico de fijación de nitrógeno atmosférico por parte de un grupo de bacterias simbióticas que forman una asociación muy estrecha con plantas del grupo de las leguminosas, entre las que se encuentran las alfalfillas o tréboles silvestres (Melilotus spp.). Desde el punto de vista ecológico esta planta tiene una función muy importante por la buena capacidad de asociarse a bacterias nativas del suelo fijadoras de nitrógeno del género Sinorhizobium. Un aspecto fundamental es que esta especie vegetal puede crecer normalmente en suelos alcalinos, lo que le convierte aún más como doble importante, ya que, por un lado, fija nitrógeno y por el otro puede incorporarse como abono verde. Con ello, se mejoran las propiedades físico-químicas del suelo y, se incrementan los niveles de materia orgánica, condición que es muy pobre en las áreas de zonas áridas. Adicionalmente, esta especie puede resistir bajas temperaturas y crecer satisfactoriamente en invierno. Este documento presenta una síntesis del género Melilotus y su simbionte Sinorhizobium meliloti, así como su importancia como posible mejorador natural del suelo.

One of the phytopathogens that cause severe damage to jalapeño pepper is Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud, the causative agent of powdery mildew. Synthetic fungicides are currently employed for its control, contributing to adverse effects on human health and the environment. The main objective of this research was to identify the causal agent of powdery mildew and assess the efficacy of chitosan in powdery mildew control on jalapeño pepper. The following treatments were evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions: T1 = 0.0125% chitosan, T2 = 0.0025% chitosan, T3 = 0.05% chitosan, T4 = 0.1% chitosan, T5 = 0.2% chitosan, T6 = tebuconazole 25% (1.8 mL/L water), and T7 = control (water). Symptomatology results indicated that L. taurica is indeed the causative agent of powdery mildew. Treatments T4 and T5 exhibited the lowest percentages of incidences and severity, hence achieving higher control efficacy in the laboratory (57.70 ± 3.85 and 65.39 ± 3.85) and greenhouse (56.67 ± 4.08 and 70 ± 8.16%) compared to T6 (control efficacy, 38.46 ± 0.00% in the laboratory and 50 ± 0.00% in the greenhouse). The chitosan derived from shrimp had a significant impact on the cell walls of L. taurica spores and mycelium. Consequently, chitosan emerges as a viable organic alternative to fungicides for controlling powdery mildew in jalapeño pepper.

Background: In this case report, the connection between autoimmune bullous dermatosis acting as a paraneoplastic syndrome and testicular cancer is highlighted. Clinical case: A 28-year-old man with no chronic-degenerative diseases or medication consumption presented with erythematous macules and blisters on the chest, spreading to the back and limbs. Physical examination revealed eyelid erythema, conjunctival injection, ulcers on the tongue and lips, and blisters that denuded 90% of the body surface. He was admitted to the intensive care unit, where he was diagnosed and treated as toxic epidermal necrolysis. He received immunosuppressive treatment, with symptomatic improvement and re-epithelialization of the skin lesions. In the internal medicine service, a malignant testicular tumor was identified, for which he underwent orchiectomy, with the histopathological result of seminoma. Conclusions: It is concluded that the dermatological manifestations were probably secondary to an autoimmune bullous dermatosis, given that the patient had no infectious processes or recent drug use, in addition to the recent diagnosis of germ cell tumor. Highlights of this clinical case include the simultaneous identification of bullous disease and neoplasia during the same hospitalization, supporting the correlation between both entities, as has been observed in previous cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge of mothers of children under 5 years of age about vaccination schedule. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and analytical study, carried out in the Family Medicine Unit 1 of Orizaba, Veracruz, in which two questionnaires were applied to mothers of children under 5 years of age, one prepared by PAHO that qualifies attitudes. of parents about vaccines, and another that evaluates knowledge of immunizations. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated; and the association with Pearson's c2 was determined. Results: A total of 138 women were registered, with age limits of 18 to 48 years. The level of knowledge was high (70.3%) and was related to the age, education (p = 0.00) and occupation (p = 0.03) of the mothers. The highest frequencies were for housewives (47.1%), professionals (3.5%), married (60.2%) and of the Catholic religion (81.2%). Conclusion: This study confirms the null hypothesis, which indicates that 70.3% have high knowledge about vaccination, and it is associated with the age, education, and occupation of the mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropogenic activities can significantly impact wildlife in natural water bodies, affecting not only the host's physiology but also its microbiome. This study aimed to analyze the gut microbiome and antimicrobial resistance gene profile (i.e., the resistome) of yellow perch living in lakes subjected to different levels of anthropogenic pressure: wastewater effluent-impacted lakes and undeveloped lakes. Total DNA and RNA from gut content samples were extracted and sequenced for analysis. Results indicate that the gut resistome and microbiome of yellow perch differ between lakes, perhaps due to varying anthropogenic pressure. The resistome was predominated by macrolide resistance genes, particularly the MLS23S group, making up 53 % of resistome sequences from effluent-impacted lakes and 73 % from undeveloped lakes. The colistin resistance gene group (mcr) was detected in numerous samples, including variants associated with Aeromonas and the family Enterobacteriaceae. The gut microbiome across all samples was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, with the opportunistic pathogens Plesiomonas shigelloides and Aeromonas veronii more abundant in effluent-impacted lakes. Metagenomic analysis of wild fish samples offers valuable insights into the effects of anthropogenic pressures on microbial communities, including antimicrobial resistance genes, in water bodies.

Antecedentes: La reacción adversa a medicamentos es estímulo imprevisto, derivado de la farmacocinética del tratamiento (tipo A) o por respuesta inmunológica (tipo B), que resulta en manifestaciones indeseables para el paciente luego de la administración de algún fármaco. Las reacciones tipo B están menos definidas y se consideran una reacción de hipersensibilidad al medicamento, categorizadas como inmediatas (se manifiestan entre 1-6 horas después de la exposición) y tardías o no inmediatas (posteriores a 6 horas de la exposición). Objetivo: Revisión de la bibliografía que describe los mecanismos inmunológicos de las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardía. Métodos: La búsqueda de la información se llevó a cabo en las principales bases de datos, en relación con las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardía a medicamentos. la búsqueda se limitó a artículos publicados entre 2013 y 2023, en idioma inglés y español. Resultados: Se describen las reacciones de hipersensibilidad tardías a medicamentos, clasificación, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico, algoritmos de tratamiento y pronóstico. Conclusión: Las reacciones adversas a medicamentos representan un desafío para el médico especialista, con una fisiopatología compleja. Se requiere establecer el diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento enfocado en el fenotipo del fármaco y su expresión inmunológica, para de esta forma brindar el abordaje multidisciplinario correspondiente. Palabras clave: Alergia a medicamentos; Hipersensibilidad a medicamentos; Reacción adversa a medicamentos; Reacción tardía a medicamentos.

esquema de vacunación. Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional, descriptivo y analítico, llevado a cabo en la Unidad de Medicina Familiar 1 de Orizaba, Veracruz, en el que se aplicaron dos cuestionarios a madres de niños menores de 5 años, uno elaborado por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para calificar las actitudes de los padres acerca de las vacunas, y otro que evalúa el conocimiento de las inmunizaciones. Se estimaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes; y se determinó la asociación con c2 de Pearson. Resultados: Se registraron 138 mujeres, con límites de edad de 18 a 48 años. El grado de conocimiento fue alto (70.3%) y se relacionó con la edad, escolaridad (p = 0.00) y ocupación (p = 0.03) de las madres. Las frecuencias más altas fueron para las amas de casa (47.1%), profesionistas (3.5%), casadas (60.2%) y de religión católica (81.2%). Conclusión: El 70.3% de las madres de niños menores de 5 años tiene conocimiento alto acerca de la vacunación, y se asocia con su edad, escolaridad y ocupación. Palabras clave: Grado de conocimiento; Esquema de vacunación; OPS.