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Background: Work-related stress is a psychosocial risk factor linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the association between work-related stress and cardiovascular health (CVH) is not well established. We estimated the association between work-related stress and CVH in a multiethnic sample of adults free of cardiovascular disease at baseline., Methods and Results: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3579 community-based men and women, aged 45 to 84 years, of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis from data collected between 2000 and 2002. Work-related stress (yes/no) was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. CVH was measured by the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 metrics (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose). Each metric contributed 0, 1, or 2 points if in the poor, intermediate, or ideal range, respectively. The aggregated CVH score was 0 to 14 points and categorized as inadequate (0-8 points), average (9-10 points), and optimal (11-14 points). Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association between work-related stress and CVH, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. The mean±SD age was 57±8 years, and 48% were women. Work-related stress was reported by 20% of participants. In fully adjusted models, participants with work-related stress had lower odds of having average (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62-0.92]) and optimal (adjusted OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.58-0.92]) CVH scores compared with participants without work-related stress., Conclusions: Work-related stress was associated with unfavorable CVH. These findings underscore the importance of workplace psychological well-being and suggest the need for studies on interventions that may reduce work-related stress and promote CVH.

Background: Occupational safety hazards include physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological, and psychological hazards. Technological innovation in screening for occupational stress, especially among female workers, is needed to improve their health and productivity., Objective: This research is being conducted to obtain a prediction model of work stress through a questionnaire instrument that includes stressors and symptoms based on the transactional model, as well as measurement of work stress through a mobile app that can be used anywhere., Methods: The research is conducted in 3 stages: qualitative research, quantitative research (cross-sectional), and mobile app development. Data were collected from companies located in Jakarta, Indonesia. The sample was chosen based on purposive sampling. For the quantitative research (n=430), logistic regression analysis was used., Results: We are developing a work stress screening instrument for female workers, which includes stressors and symptoms based on the transactional model, in the form of a digital platform so that female workers can undertake the examination anywhere without interfering with working hours or home duties. This research was funded in January 2024 and qualitative data collection began in February 2024. Quantitative data were obtained in March 2024; the number of respondents in the qualitative stage was 6, and in the quantitative stage it was 430. The work stress screening app is in the development stage and will be launched at the same time as the data collection is performed so we can examine the respondents' perspectives on the use of the app., Conclusions: This study analyzes the prediction of work stress to help female workers screen for work stress. Workers who are detected as experiencing work stress will be educated using an algorithm programmed in the app., International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): PRR1-10.2196/55874., (©Dini Widianti, Zwasta Pribadi Mahardhika, Robiana Modjo. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 14.11.2024.)

Investigating the role of individual differences in Environmental Sensitivity for well-being and stress at work is an emerging area of research with significant potential for practical implications in organizational management and human resources. Recent studies have begun to explore how individuals with high sensory-processing sensitivity (SPS) may be more vulnerable to work-related stress than their less sensitive peers, but may also derive greater benefits from positive job resources when available. The present study aims to investigate the role of leadership style in the complex interplay between individual differences in sensitivity, stress at work, and general well-being. A questionnaire was administered through Qualtrics to a total of 317 workers from two medium-large-sized Italian companies, across two waves between May and July 2022. Findings provided support for a three-way interaction effect, with job stressors exerting an adverse effect on participants' well-being, mitigated by democratic and let-it-be leadership styles at the team level, particularly among highly sensitive individuals. Thus, our findings suggest a vantage sensitivity effect and underscore the importance of cultivating positive work climates to enhance workers' ability to cope with stressors and improve their global well-being, with particular relevance for highly sensitive individuals., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

To examine multiple relations between organizational roles, work-family conflict, job satisfaction, mental health, and affective organizational commitment among basic education teachers, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 438 respondents, to whom the Scale for the Assessment of Psychosocial Stressors in the Workplace (EAEPCL, acronym in Portuguese), the General Job Satisfaction Scale, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Reduced Affective Organizational Commitment Scale (ECOA, acronym in Portuguese) were applied. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and the estimated measurement model indicated convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability regarding the latent variables used. Direct effects of conflict and role ambiguity on job satisfaction, common mental disorders (CMD) and affective organizational commitment were observed, as well as indirect effects on the latter two mediated by job satisfaction. As for role overload, its direct effects occurred only in relation to job satisfaction, the latter mediating the effect of the former on CMD and affective commitment, whereas work-family conflict mediated the effect of role overload on CMD. These results highlight the harmful effects of role stressors and job (dis)satisfaction on the mental health of teachers by making them more vulnerable to developing CMD and indicate how these can affect results of interest to the institutions studied, such as affective commitment in school organizations.

Stress, a state of mental or emotional strain or tension brought on by challenging or demanding events might hamper a dentist's ability to react quickly and prudently. Their ability to deal with difficult patients may also be compromised, especially when dealing with frightened or anxious people. The main goal of this study was to survey a wide range of dental professionals from different backgrounds, including undergraduates, general practitioners and specialists, and determine how much stress each group was experiencing and how it affected both the participants and the treated patients. A sample size of an estimated 300 participants (defined by a 95% confidence interval and a 5% margin of error) was found to be sufficient for this investigation. About 178 responses were received to the 300 Google Forms questions, a response percentage of 59.3%. Of those surveyed, 77% had work experience ranging from zero to five years. Women made up 30% of the population, while men made up 70%. Furthermore, the patient-to-dentist ratio was neither a significant worry nor a source of stress because the majority of dentists saw between 0 and 10 patients per month. General dentists and specialists treated the patients with higher awareness, in-depth understanding and care than undergraduates did because they frequently reported having less experience than the other categories in this study did. The fact that a sizable majority of the respondents had between 0 and 5 years of experience further explains the high stress levels. High anxiety levels were present among dental undergraduates, highlighting the necessity of stress management instruction and support services in training programmes., Competing Interests: Theauthorsdeclarenoconflictofinterest. GiuseppeMinervini isservingasoneoftheEditorialBoardmembersofthisjournal. We declare that Giuseppe Minervini had no involvement in the peer review of this article and has no access to information regarding its peer review. Full responsibility for the editorial process for this article was delegated to JJ., (©2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.)

Background: Numerous studies indicated that workers in the health sector suffer from work stress, hassles, and mental health problems associated with COVID-19, which negatively affect the completion of their job tasks. These studies pointed out the need to search for mechanisms that enable workers to cope with job stress effectively., Objectives: This study investigated psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance levels among the mental health workforce in Saudi Arabia. It also tried to reveal the psychological flow (PF) and mental immunity (MI) predictability of job performance (JP)., Method: A correlational survey design was employed. The study sample consisted of 120 mental health care practitioners (therapists, psychologists, counselors)who lived in Saudi Arabia. Sixty-four were men, 56 were women, and their ages ranged between 27 and 48 (36.32±6.43). The researchers developed three measurements of psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance. After testing their validity and reliability, these measures were applied to the study participants., Results: The results found median levels of psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance among mental health care practitioners. Also, the results revealed that psychological flow and mental immunity were statistically significant predictors of job performance. The psychological flow variable contributed (38.70%) and mental immunity (54.80%) to the variance in job performance of mental health care practitioners., Conclusion: The current study indicated that psychological flow and mental immunity significantly influenced the job performance of mental health care practitioners. These findings pointed out that human resource management in mental health care institutions in Saudi Arabia must search for procedures that achieve a state of flow and mental immunity for workers to make their jobs more meaningful. Also, these findings indicated the importance of planning interventions to enhance mental health care practitioners' psychological flow, mental immunity, and job performance to help them cope with work stress effectively and protect them from symptoms of burnout., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Al Eid et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Objectives: Sleep quality of firefighters can be negatively affected by occupational stressors. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted to understand how work-related stress, post-traumatic stress, burnout and depression collectively contribute to sleep quality., Methods: Professional firefighters in Northern Iran completed a survey comprised of demographic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, HSE's Stress Indicator Tool, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Maslach's Burnout Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory during a work rest break. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling., Results: Mean age of the 2339 firefighters who completed the survey was 32.30 (5.74) years. Most experienced poor sleep quality, scoring above the established cut-off of 5. Levels of work-related stress, post-traumatic stress, burnout and depression were high. Fit indices of the final theoretical model were all adequate: the obtained and adjusted goodness-of-fit indices were 0.925 and 0.917 respectively. Comparative, and incremental fit indices were 0.946 and 0.948 respectively. Root mean squared error of approximation was 0.061. Post-traumatic stress was directly and indirectly related to sleep quality through eight paths, modulated by burnout variables and depression. Work-related stress was negatively related to sleep quality through four paths modulated, by burnout variables and depression., Conclusions: The findings illustrate the complex relationships of work-related stress and post-traumatic stress and sleep quality. High levels of poor sleep quality in this occupation emphasise the need to develop targeted and sustainable interventions to manage occupational stressors, burnout and depression to improve sleep quality in firefighters., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval The Research Ethics Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS) granted ethics approval for this study (No. IR.BUMS.REC.1401.195). The study was completed in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. We formally declare that those authors who reside in a nation or region currently under international sanctions (i.e., Iran) are academics and scientists are not employed by the government of that country under sanctions; and all these authors are preparing articles in their “personal capacity”., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Healthcare workers have an increased risk of depression and anxiety, and medical staff have faced a wide variety of challenges, especially during the COVID-19-pandemic. The aim of the VOICE study was to investigate risk and protective factors for workplace-related stress experience and mental health., Method: A multicentre, web-based and prospective survey (VOICE study) was initiated in the spring of 2020 by a network of five psychosomatic university clinics (Erlangen, Ulm, Bonn, Cologne and Dresden). More than 25,000 respondents took part in the study at five measurement points., Results: Of 3678 employees examined in a hospital setting during the first wave of the pandemic, 17.4% and 17.8% of physicians, 21.6% and 19.0% of nurses and 23.0% and 20.1% of medical-technical assistants (MTA) were affected by symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively, to a clinically relevant extent. The most important risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms were insufficient relaxation during leisure time, increased alcohol consumption, lower trust in colleagues in difficult work situations and increased fear of becoming ill with COVID-19. Predictors for increased post-traumatic symptoms were increased generalized anxiety and depression as well as increased fear of infecting family members. Sense of coherence, social support, optimism and reward level acted as protective factors., Discussion: The psychological effects of workplace-related stress during the pandemic were found to be significant. Therefore, regular mental health screening and prevention programmes for healthcare workers are indicated., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Study Design: Cross-sectional study., Objectives: Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a third state between health and disease. Long-term being SHS will be detrimental to one's ability development. Previous studies have demonstrated the associations of lifestyle behaviors or work stress with SHS, but few studies have comprehensively analyzed the underlying factors and mechanisms between the three. This study aimed to investigate whether lifestyle behaviors mediated the relationship between self-perceived work stress and SHS., Methods: A total of 4238 urban workers, who participated in a cross-sectional survey conducted from December 2018 to October 2019, were included. A general linear model was used to explore the associations between lifestyle behaviors and self-perceived work stress with SHS after adjusting for demographic variables. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the mediation by lifestyle behaviors., Results: The mean transformed scores of physical, mental, and social SHS were 70.98, 67.17, and 61.72, respectively. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and high self-perceived work stress positively affected SHS (P < 0.001). Self-perceived work stress imposed negative effects on physical SHS (β = -0.228, P < 0.001), mental SHS (β = -0.237, P < 0.001), and social SHS (β = -0.092, P < 0.001). The indirect effects of self-perceived work stress on physical SHS (β = -0.139, 95% CI: -0.178 to -0.106), mental SHS (β = -0.106, 95% CI: -0.134 to -0.082), and social SHS (β = -0.121, 95% CI: -0.154 to -0.092) were statistically significant., Conclusions: Lifestyle behaviors and self-perceived work stress were significantly associated with SHS among Chinese urban workers. The mediating effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were found in the relationship between high self-perceived work stress and SHS. Future longitudinal research may verify these associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms., (Copyright © 2024 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Through their occupational role, veterinary professionals are regularly exposed to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). These events can elicit negative (pathogenic) psychological outcomes of moral distress. However, PMIEs can also result in positive (salutogenic) outcomes of posttraumatic growth. Both outcomes are characterised by specific symptomology that is suggestive of a pathogenic or salutogenic trajectory. This study employed data from 194 veterinary professionals from Australia and New Zealand and sought to examine symptoms experienced by professionals following exposure to PMIEs. Respondents reported more symptoms of moral distress than posttraumatic growth following PMIE exposure. Negative symptoms included both affective and work-related factors including consideration of leaving the profession, while positive factors included increased confidence, personal growth, and staff cohesion. Potential factors contributing to the disparity in salutogenic and pathogenic outcomes are discussed. An integrated approach comprising both individual- and organisation-level factors is recommended to facilitate more salutogenic outcomes for veterinary professionals following PMIE exposure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Stress while operating is an important contributor to surgeon health and burnout. Measuring stress is key to improving surgeon and patient outcomes, however biological responses to stress during surgery are variable and difficult to interpret. Participant reported measures of stress have been suggested as an alternative, but the most appropriate measure has not been defined. This study's primary aim was to assess measures of anxiety, stress, and workload before and after surgical simulation and characterize the relationship between these measures., Methods: Surgeons completed three laparoscopic exercises from the fundamentals of laparoscopy program (peg transfer, pattern cutting, intracorporeal suturing) in a neutral environment and "stressed" environment (ergonomic, noise, or time pressure). State trait anxiety and self-reported stress on a visual analogue scale were collected prior to simulation and again immediately afterwards. The NASA task load index (TLX) was also administered post-simulation., Results: Of the 26 participants from gynecological and general surgery specialties, state anxiety increased in 98/148 simulations (62%) with a significant mean increase during simulation (32.9 ± 7.9 vs 39.4 ± 10.2, p < .001). Self-reported stress increased in 107/148 simulations (72%), with a significant increase in mean scores during simulation (38.7 ± 22.5 vs 48.9 ± 23.7, p < .001). NASA-TLX scores immediately after simulation ranged from 40 to 118 (mean 60.5 ± 28.7). Greater anxiety and stress scores were reported in "stressed" simulations (43.6 ± 23.1 vs 54.2 ± 23.3; 68.7 ± 27.0 vs 52.4 ± 28.2 respectively) with a significant interaction effect of the "stressed" environment and type of exercise. Anxiety and stress were moderately positively correlated prior to simulation (r = .40) and strongly positively correlated post-simulation (r = .70), however only stress was strongly correlated to workload (r = .79)., Conclusion: Stress and anxiety varied by type of laparoscopic exercise and simulation environment. Correlations between anxiety and stress are stronger post-simulation than prior to simulation. Stress, but not anxiety, is highly correlated with workload., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the stress level and depression among orthopaedic surgeons in Saudi Arabia. In addition, to evaluate orthopedic training programs related factors that might have a critical role in the development of depression among orthopaedic surgeons., Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional study design. Two validated questionnaires were utilized, the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for assessing depressive symptoms and stress levels. Data was collected by sending the survey to the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties so they could be distributed throughout all registered orthopaedic surgeons., Results: The study sample consisted of 325 participants. The results revealed that the severity of depression varied across the different groups. As per the PHQ-9 criteria, 74 (22.8%) were initially diagnosed with major depression. Among assistant consultants, 39.5% reported severe depression, while 34.9% reported mild depression. Consultants predominantly reported moderate perceived stress (82.9%) with a notable proportion experiencing high perceived stress (12.4%). Assistant consultants showed a balanced distribution, with 93.0% reporting moderate perceived stress and 4.7% reporting high perceived stress. Demographic variables gender, relationship status and having children revealed statistically significant relationship with PHQ-9 scores (p-value < 0.05) but not with PSS-10 scores., Conclusion: The study highlights pressing need to address mental health concerns within orthopaedic surgeons. To address these challenges, healthcare institutions should implement comprehensive mental health support programs offering resources for stress management, counseling services, and peer support groups., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Moral distress has been identified as an occupational hazard for clinicians caring for vulnerable populations. The aim of this systematic review was (i) to summarize the literature reporting on prevalence of, and factors related to, moral distress among nurses within acute mental health settings, and (ii) to examine the efficacy of interventions designed to address moral distress among nurses within this clinical setting. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in October 2022 utilizing Nursing & Allied Health, Embase, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and PubMed databases to identify eligible studies published in English from January 2000 to October 2022. Ten studies met inclusion criteria. Four quantitative studies assessed moral distress among nurses in acute mental health settings and examined relationships between moral distress and other psychological and work-related variables. Six qualitative studies explored the phenomenon of moral distress as experienced by nurses working in acute mental health settings. The quantitative studies assessed moral distress using the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric Nurses (MDS-P) or the Work-Related Moral Stress Questionnaire. These studies identified relationships between moral distress and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, cynicism, poorer job satisfaction, less sense of coherence, poorer moral climate, and less experience of moral support. Qualitative studies revealed factors associated with moral distress, including lack of action, poor conduct by colleagues, time pressures, professional, policy and legal implications, aggression, and patient safety. No interventions targeting moral distress among nurses in acute mental health settings were identified. Overall, this review identified that moral distress is prevalent among nurses working in acute mental health settings and is associated with poorer outcomes for nurses, patients, and organizations. Research is urgently needed to develop and test evidence-based interventions to address moral distress among mental health nurses and to evaluate individual and system-level intervention effects on nurses, clinical care, and patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) differs from traditional OR set-ups in several ways such as operation of technology and obstructed team communication that potentially affect surgical staff's stress experiences. The current study investigates the effects of key intraoperative job demands and resources on mental workload and perceived stress in RAS. We focused on the role of intraoperative teamwork as a resource that potentially reduces occupational stress. Combining standardized expert observations in the OR with healthcare providers' self-reports, the study involved two types of robot-assisted, urological interventions. The sample consisted of 73 observed surgeries and included 242 post-operative surveys on perceived stress and mental workload from surgeons and surgical nurses. Multilevel regression analyses reveal differential effects for stress and workload. Importantly, whereas better surgical teamwork was associated with lower stress, it was unrelated to workload. Our findings provide a nuanced picture of occupational stress in RAS, particularly regarding the role of intraoperative teamwork., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: We investigated the association between job stress, as assessed by the effort-reward imbalance model, and the incidence of chronic low back pain (CLBP) over a 4-year period. A total of 1733 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Musculoskeletal cohort, who were free from LBP at baseline (2012-2014), were included. Episodes of LBP in the past 30 days, intensity, and the presence of disability were investigated in annual telephone follow-ups (2015-2018). Chronic LBP was defined as episodes of LBP lasting >3 months with at least moderate intensity. We analyzed the incidence of at least one episode of CLBP (yes/no), the number of CLBP episodes (0, 1, ≥2), and CLBP severity/disability (absent, nondisabling, severe/disabling). The association between these outcomes and tertiles of the effort-to-reward ratio, as well as each dimension of the effort-reward imbalance model, was investigated using multinomial logistic and Poisson regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational variables. The cumulative incidence of CLBP over 4 years was 24.8%. High effort-reward imbalance increased the chances of experiencing multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.47) and 70% (95% CI: 1.14-2.53), respectively. High overcommitment increased the incidence of CLBP by 23% (95% CI: 1.01-1.50) and the chances of multiple CLBP episodes and severe/disabling CLBP by 67% (95% CI: 1.11-2.50) and 57% (95% CI: 1.05-2.34), respectively. These results indicate that exposure to job stress is associated with a higher incidence, a greater number of episodes, and increased severity of CLBP over a 4-year period. If this association is causal, measures aimed at reducing exposure to job stress are likely to alleviate the burden of CLBP., (Copyright © 2024 International Association for the Study of Pain.)

Coping is a dynamic response to stressors that employees encounter in their work and nonwork roles. Scholars have argued that it is not just whether employees cope with work-nonwork stressors-but how they cope-that matters. Indeed, prior research assumes that adaptive coping strategies-planning, prioritizing, positive reframing, seeking emotional and instrumental support-are universally beneficial, suggesting that sustaining high levels of these strategies is ideal. By returning to the roots of coping theory, we adopt a person-centered, dynamic approach using latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis across three multiwave studies ( N = 1,370) to consider whether employees combine coping strategies and how remaining in or shifting between such combinations also matters. In a pilot study ( N = 361), we explored profiles and their transitions during a time frame punctuated with macrolevel transitions that amplified employees' work-nonwork stressors (i.e., COVID-19), which revealed three profiles at Time 1 ( comprehensive copers, emotion-focused copers, and individualistic copers) and a fourth profile at Time 2 (surviving copers ). In Study 1 ( N = 648), across all three time points, we replicated three profiles and found evidence for constrained copers instead of emotion-focused copers. In Study 2 ( N = 361), across both time points, we replicated all four profiles from Study 1 and tested hypotheses regarding the profiles, their transition patterns, and implications of such patterns for work, well-being, and social functioning outcomes. Altogether, our work suggests that maintaining high-coping depth or increasing depth is generally beneficial, whereas maintaining or increasing coping breadth is generally harmful. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Purpose: Though individuals with depression and those with poor working conditions are more likely to be on long-term sickness absence (LTSA), less is known about how working conditions may modify the associations between depression status and LTSA. This study aims to examine the association between depression and LTSA among Swedish workers with different levels of job strain and its individual components (job demands and job control)., Methods: All Swedish workers 30 - 60 years old (N = 3,065,258) were studied in 2005. At baseline (2005-2010), workers were categorized as: without depression, being prescribed antidepressants, and being in inpatient/outpatient care. Job strain was measured using a Swedish Job Exposure Matrix, and data on LTSA were obtained from 2011 to 2021. The association between depression and LTSA was assessed using Cox proportional-hazards regression stratified by categories of job strain., Results: Compared to workers without depression, workers with depression had higher risk of LTSA across all job strain levels. Depression was associated with the highest hazards of LTSA in active jobs, but a similar population attributable fraction (PAF) was found across categories of job strain, indicating similarities between the different categories., Conclusion: There was evidence of a moderating effect of job strain in the relationship between depression and LTSA, but also evidence that this was due to differences in baseline depression prevalence in the different job strain categories. Future research is needed to determine alternative factors which could be relevant for reducing LTSA among those who have already developed depression., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is expected to help enterprises reduce costs and improve efficiency, but it may also threaten the employment of employees. It may form a substitution effect on employees' jobs and might make them experience negative work emotions. Employees' work emotions could then affect their innovative abilities, which in turn impacts the innovation ability and competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, the impact of applying artificial intelligence technology on employees' work well-being has become a pressing issue for businesses today. Through empirical analysis of 349 questionnaire responses, we found that employees' STARA awareness negatively predicts their work affective well-being. Job stress mediates the relationship between STARA awareness and employees' work affective well-being. Psychological resilience moderates the relationship between STARA awareness and job stress, moderates the indirect effect of STARA awareness on employees' work affective well-being through job stress. Theoretical discussions and analyses of the mechanism through which STARA awareness affects employees' work affective well-being were conducted based on the Conservation of Resources theory. In practice, we provide valuable insights for employees and enterprises to address the impact of AI, enhance work affective well-being, and strengthen enterprises' innovation and competitiveness., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Correctional officers (COs) are exposed to emotional and physical harm by the nature of their work. Operational stress can lead to burnout and influence absences and COs work performance., Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between work-related stress and burnout adjusted by potential confounding variables (age, sex, correctional facility, type of correctional facility, distance to work, and absenteeism)., Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study was made up of 799 prison officials. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of four instruments: demographic data, Health and Job Performance Questionnaire, Police Operational Stress Questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The questionnaires were completed online and in person., Results: A high proportion of COs reported high operational stress and burnout levels. Fatigue was the highest mean value from all stressors, with 5.89. COs reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. They also reported low levels of personal accomplishment. Furthermore, COs with high stress levels are approximately eight times more likely to experience burnout., Conclusion: These findings suggest that COs in Puerto Rico exposed to stress are more vulnerable to present burnout. The findings suggest that evidence-based interventions and programs should be implemented to help prevent and reduce operational stress and burnout among COs., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Laureano-Morales et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Introduction: Poor fit between the work environment and work expectations is associated with high levels of workplace-related stress. Work stress in occupational therapy has been attributed to the nature of the profession and various other workplace-related factors. Workplace-related stress leading to burnout has been found to be higher in early career occupational therapists with less than 5 years of experience. This study explored workplace factors that result in poor person-work environment fit in six work-life areas in South African early career occupational therapists. Methods: A descriptive electronic survey design was used to access a sample of South African 261 occupational therapists with 2-5 years of work experience. The Area of Work-Life Survey (AWS) considers six work-life areas: control, workload, community, rewards, values, and fairness, which were used to collect data. Data were analysed to determine low, moderate, and high work environment fit for workplace factors including employment setting, field of practice, years' experience, time with current organization, and hours worked. Results: Of the six work-life areas, only the scores for workload fell below the norm for the respondents. All six work-life areas were impacted by employment settings, with respondents in public health hospitals and clinics indicating significantly low person-environment fit in most areas. Respondents in physical rehabilitation had a significantly low fit for workload, as did years of experience, length of time with organization, and hours worked. Fairness had a low fit for physical rehabilitation and medicolegal fields of practice. Conclusion: Workload impacted workplace-related stress in respondents with scores below the norm on the AWS for this work-life area. Although some work-related factors affected workplace-related stress, the overall scores for the other work-life areas were above the norm, with only respondents in public service settings and in the field of physical rehabilitation reporting low work environment fit., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Patricia de Witt et al.)

Objective: To examine the prevalence and key correlates of psychological resilience in Ukrainian mental health workers (MHWs), using a novel discrepancy-based psychiatric resilience (DBPR) analytic approach., Methods: A total of 178 Ukrainian MHWs, recruited via convenience sampling from July to August 2023, completed a survey assessing their war-related exposures, occupational stress, and mental health symptoms and sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics. DBPR scores were computed by regressing composite distress scores onto measures of war- and work-related stressors. Psychological resilience was defined as lower actual, relative to predicted, composite distress scores. Multivariable and relative importance analyses were conducted to identify and quantify factors associated with greater resilience., Results: A total of 55.6% of MHWs were classified as resilient. Greater levels of close social relationships, presence of meaning in life, and optimism were independently associated with greater resilience., Conclusion: A slight majority of Ukrainian MHWs exhibit psychological resilience in the face of ongoing conflict and occupational stressors. Clinical interventions to bolster social connectedness, meaning in life, and optimism may help promote resilience in this population., Prim Care Companion CNS Disord 2024;26(5):24m03761 ., Author affiliations are listed at the end of this article., (© Copyright 2024 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.)

Background: The National Health Service (NHS) is suffering from a workforce crisis of mental and physical sickness and attrition following the COVID-19 pandemic. An in-depth understanding of healthcare workers' (HCWs) experiences during the pandemic is required to understand the impacts on their mental health in this challenging work environment. This qualitative study explores HCWs' concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic-expressed in real time during an active mental health crisis., Design: This study involved analysis of data from 'Shout', a text message-based, UK-wide mental health support service which, during the pandemic, was advertised to HCWs specifically. Pseudorandom sampling of scripts of anonymised text message conversations between HCWs and Shout Volunteers from April 2020 to March 2021 was undertaken, with data fully anonymised by Shout before researchers accessed them on a secure purpose-built platform. Following application of exclusion and inclusion criteria, 60 conversations were coded to develop a thematic framework and analysed using grounded theory, with subthemes triangulated to create final themes. Quotes extracted from this process were then synthesised for publication., Results: Three themes emerged from the data: (1) poor mental health, subthemes-(a) overwhelming negative feelings or emotional distress experienced, and; (b) active crisis/resurgent symptoms. (2) Negative work experiences, subthemes: (a) negative NHS work culture and expectations; (b) inadequate structures and arrangements for support; (c) trauma at work, and (d) abuse at work. (3) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, subthemes: (a) additional work pressure and (b) isolation and risk., Conclusion: This study explores the challenges and mental health concerns in HCWs during an active crisis. Organisational stressors, mental health provision and additional resources for HCWs to recover from the pandemic remain a vital issue in current NHS service provision., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Moral injury has emerged as a construct of interest in healthcare workers' (HCW) occupational stress and health. We conducted one of the first multidisciplinary, longitudinal studies evaluating the relationship between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), burnout, and turnover intentions. HCWs (N = 473) completed surveys in May of 2020 (T1) and again in May of 2021 (T2). Generalized Linear Models (robust Poisson regression) were used to test relative risk of turnover intentions, and burnout at T2 associated with PMIE exposure, controlling for T1 covariates. At T1, 17.67% reported they had participated in a PMIE, 41.44% reported they witnessed a PMIE and 76.61% reported feeling betrayed by healthcare or a public health organization. In models including all T1 PMIE exposures and covariates, T2 turnover intentions were increased for those who witnessed a PMIE at T1 (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.17-2.34) but not those that participated or felt betrayed. T2 burnout was increased for those who participated in PMIE at T1 (RR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.03-1.85) but not those that witnessed or felt betrayed. PMIE exposure is highly prevalent among HCWs, with specific PMIEs associated with turnover intentions and burnout. Organizational interventions to reduce and facilitate recovery from moral injury should account for differences in the type of PMIE exposures that occur in healthcare work environments., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Consumer technology is increasingly being adopted to support personal stress management, including by teachers. Multidisciplinary research has contributed some knowledge of design and features that can help detect and manage workplace stress. However, there is less understanding of what facilitates engagement with ubiquitous "off the shelf" technologies, particularly in a specific occupational setting. An understanding of features that facilitate or inhibit technology use, and the influences of contexts on the manner of interaction, could improve teachers' stress-management opportunities., Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the interaction features that facilitated or inhibited engagement with 4 consumer technologies chosen by teachers for stress management, as well as the influence of the educational contexts on their engagement. We also examined how use of well-being technology could be better supported in the school., Methods: The choice of consumer technologies was categorized in a taxonomy for English secondary school teachers according to stress-management strategies and digital features. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we adapted the study so that working from home in the summer could be contrasted with being back in school. Thus, a longitudinal study intended for 6 weeks in the summer term (in 2020) was extended into the autumn term, lasting up to 27 weeks. Teachers chose to use either a Withings smartwatch or Wysa, Daylio, or Teacher Tapp apps. Two semistructured interviews and web-based surveys were conducted with 8 teachers in England in the summer term, and 6 (75%) of them took part in a third interview in the autumn term. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis informed by interpretive phenomenological analysis., Results: Technology elements and characteristics such as passive data collation, brevity of interaction, discreet appearance, reminders, and data visualization were described by teachers as facilitators. Lack of instructions and information on features, connectivity, extended interaction requirements, and nondifferentiation of activity and exercise data were described as barriers. Mesocontextual barriers to engagement were also reported, particularly when teachers were back on school premises, including temporal constraints, social stigma, and lack of private space to de-stress. Teachers had ideas for feature improvements and how educational leadership normalizing teachers' stress management with consumer technologies could benefit the school culture., Conclusions: Having preselected their stress-management strategies, teachers were able to harness design features to support themselves over an extended period. There could be an important role for digital interventions as part of teachers' stress management, which the school leadership would need to leverage to maximize their potential. The findings add to the holistic understanding of situated self-care and should inform developers' considerations for occupational digital stress support., (©Julia B Manning, Ann Blandford, Julian Edbrooke-Childs. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 22.10.2024.)

Background: Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), front-line nurses have faced not only daily work stress but also a high risk of infection and excessive workload, leading to unsatisfactory professional quality of life (ProQOL). This study aimed to explore whether self-compassion (SC) and benefit finding (BF) play a chain mediating role between work stress and ProQOL among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic., Methods: From March to April 2022, a sample of 13,936 Chinese nurses was recruited through snowball sampling. Demographic information, work stress, SC, BF, and ProQOL were assessed. The SPSS 25.0 software and Amos 24.0 software were used for statistical analysis. The bootstrap method was employed to construct and examine the chain mediating structural equation model., Results: The ProQOL level of Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was moderate. The overall fit indices for the compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) models were satisfactory (χ²/df = 2.486, 3.256, 2.553, RMSEA = 0.011, 0.014, 0.011, the GFI, AGFI, NFI, and CFI values were all above 0.90). Work stress had direct effects on CS, BO, and STS (β=-0.171, 0.334, 0.222, P < 0.001), and also indirectly affected these outcomes through SC (point estimate=-0.010, 0.021, 0.024, P < 0.001), BF (point estimate=-0.033, 0.015, - 0.011, P < 0.001), as well as their chain mediating effect (point estimate=-0.015, 0.006, - 0.005, P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Our study suggests that SC and BF partially mediated the association between work stress and ProQOL in Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Training on SC and BF may be crucial components of interventions aimed at improving ProQOL., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The engagement of preschool teachers in their work is pivotal for maintaining teaching quality, ensuring teacher well-being, and fostering children's development. Despite its significance, there is limited knowledge regarding the daily fluctuations in work engagement and the underlying factors influencing it. This study, guided by the Job Demands-Resources model and Affect Event Theory, utilized an experience sampling methodology to investigate the impact of challenge and hindrance stressors on daily work engagement, as well as the mediating role of affect and the moderating effect of mindfulness., Methods: Utilizing an experience sampling method, this study collected data from 220 preschool teachers in Shanghai over five consecutive workdays, conducting surveys once daily. Data analysis was performed using multilevel linear models., Results: The results from multilevel regression indicated that: (1) daily challenge stressors were positively related to work engagement, (2) daily hindrance stressors were negatively related to work engagement, (3) daily positive affect mediated the relationship between challenge stressors and work engagement, (4) daily negative affect mediated the relationship between hindrance stressors and work engagement, and (5) daily mindfulness played a crucial moderating role by alleviating the adverse effects of hindrance stressors on daily negative affect., Conclusions: This study provides valuable insights into the daily experiences of preschool teachers and the factors that influence their work engagement. Understanding the impact of stressors, affect, and mindfulness on work engagement can inform the development of interventions and strategies to improve teacher well-being and work engagement., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Teachers experienced increased stressors and stress during the initial onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. While many educators returned to in-person instruction in the 2021-2022 school year, they faced changing job demands and stressors which has important implications for educator well-being. We sought to understand the stressors and health impacts faced by U.S. educators in the 2021-2022 school year, two years following the acute phase of the pandemic., Methods: Thirty-four certified educators based in Connecticut, USA participated in four virtual focus groups in February 2022. A semi-structured focus group script, designed by the research team and guided by the job demands-resources model, was administered to understand stressors and stress impacts. Data were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative method to identify themes and sub-themes. Themes were summarized based on how many participants mentioned them., Results: Analysis of the qualitative data yielded three themes concerning the well-being impacts of stress: physical health and health behaviors, psychological health, and relationships and social well-being behaviors. The majority of educators indicated impacts in these domains with 76% indicating impacts on physical health and health behaviors (e.g. poor sleep, physical exhaustion, lack of exercise, unhealthy eating), 62% indicating impacts on psychological health (e.g. emotional exhaustion, anxiety, negative self-evaluation); and 68% indicating impacts on relationships social well-being behaviors (e.g. connections with family or friends, connections with others, relationships with coworkers). The majority (94%) of educators indicated that stressors from the school or district with the majority (91%) citing stressors related to protocols/expectations (e.g. excessive or increased demands, insufficient or decreased resources) and some (38%) administrators. Over half (62%) indicated personal stressors including personal/home life (41%), high personal expectations (18%), and income (18%). Some (35%) indicated either the pandemic (26%) or safety concerns (9%) were stressors. Some (24%) cited students' parents as a stressor and a few indicated community (12%), students (12%), and state or national level (9%) stressors., Conclusion: Educator well-being continued to be impacted in the post-pandemic era. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce school and district-related demands and to address stress-related educator well-being., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of perceived inclusion among healthcare employees on intrinsic motivation and its subsequent effects on work engagement and stress levels. Drawing from multiple theoretical frameworks, the study hypothesizes the following: (a) perceived inclusion positively influences employees' intrinsic motivation, and (b) perceived inclusion and intrinsic motivation serve as resources that enhance employee well-being by promoting work engagement and reducing stress., Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 407 healthcare workers across the European Union. The research objectives were achieved through statistical analysis of the gathered responses., Findings: The results indicate a positive relationship between perceived inclusion and intrinsic motivation. Importantly, both perceived inclusion and intrinsic motivation emerged as significant predictors of work engagement. Additionally, perceived inclusion was found to have a negative association with stress levels, underscoring its importance in healthcare management., Research Limitations/implications: The study is subject to certain limitations, including the cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, which may affect the generalizability of the findings., Practical Implications: The findings highlight the importance of fostering perceived inclusion and intrinsic motivation among healthcare employees to enhance work engagement and reduce stress, thus offering valuable insights for healthcare management practices., Originality/value: This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the complex interplay between perceived inclusion, intrinsic motivation, work engagement and stress within the healthcare sector. It also identifies avenues for future research in this area., (© Emerald Publishing Limited.)

Background: Competency of health professionals stands as a fundamental element in ensuring the quality of care. Notably, work stress and resilience are found to be associated with competency of health professionals. However, the role of resilience between work stress and competency remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate competency, work stress and resilience of radiology residents, and to examine the mediating effect of resilience., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,666 radiology residents from 31 provinces of China in 2021. The diagnostic radiology milestones were used to measure the competency. Results of work stress and resilience were derived from self-reports and assessment of the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) respectively. To examine the association between work stress, resilience, and competency, Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regression were employed. The mediating effect of resilience was tested by bootstrapping analysis., Results: Descriptive statistics show that the average score (mean ± SD) of work stress, competency and resilience among radiology residents were 1.55 ± 1.53 (range from 0 to 6), 28.14 ± 13 (range from 0 to 81) and 5.97 ± 1.92 (range from 0 to 8), respectively. Work stress was negatively associated with competency ( β  = -0.51, p  < 0.001) and resilience (-0.57, p  < 0.001). In particular, resilience mediated the relationship between work stress and competence, and the total mediating effect was -0.49 (= - 0.57 * 0.86), accounting for 49.06% of the total effect., Conclusion: Work stress is a significant contributor to competence among radiology residents. Resilience significantly mediated the association. This study highlights incorporating resilience training courses into the standardized residency training program to reduce intensive work stress and promote competency of radiology residents., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Shen, Lu, He, Wang, Chen, Li, Yang, Zhang, Wang, Jiang, Zheng and Zhu.)

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using EMA questionnaires and physiological data via wristbands to measure day-to-day occupational stress, musculoskeletal pain, and mental health among university employees (N = 23), across 10 work days. Adherence to the study protocol as well as participant experiences (via semi-structured interviews) with the protocol were used to assess feasibility and acceptability of the method., Results: Adherence to the study protocol was excellent. Participants wore the wristband for a mean of 9.7 days. Participants completed a mean of 24.5 EMAs (out of 30). Semi-structured interviews with participants revealed that a small number of participants had difficulties uploading data from the wristband. The timing of EMAs was challenging for some participants, resulting in missed EMAs, raising questions about whether EMA frequency and timing could be changed to improve adherence. Some EMA items were difficult to answer due to the nature of participants' roles and the work undertaken. Overall, the protocol was feasible and acceptable but highlighted future potential changes including using a different physiological data collection tool, reducing the number of EMAs, adjusting EMA timings, and reviewing EMA items., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This study investigates the impact of person-environment fit and job stress on innovative work behavior within Thailand's food industry. Through a comprehensive survey conducted among supervisors in the food industry, validated scales were utilized to measure person-environment fit, job stress, and innovative work behavior while controlling demographic variables. Employing hierarchical regression analysis and moderation analysis, the study examines the direct and moderating effects of person-environment fit and job stress on innovative work behavior. Results reveal a significant positive relationship between person-environment fit and innovative work behavior, with job stress moderating this relationship. Notably, specific points of interaction between job stress levels and person-environment fit are identified, shedding light on nuanced dynamics within the food industry. This research introduces a novel approach by integrating the Job Demands-Resources Model with person-environment fit theory to explore how specific stressors unique to the food industry can influence innovation. The study also pioneers the use of industry-specific measures for assessing job stress and innovation, which were developed and validated within this context. This research contributes to both theoretical and practical knowledge by enhancing our understanding of innovation mechanisms in the food industry and providing actionable insights for fostering creativity and innovation among employees. The study's originality lies not only in its emphasis on the context of the food industry but also in its development of tailored theoretical and methodological approaches to address the sector's unique challenges and opportunities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Correctional workers (CWs) endure several operational stressors (e.g., exposures to potentially psychologically traumatic events) and organisational stressors (e.g., shift work, staff shortages), which are associated with positive screens for mental disorders and self-reports of suicidal behaviours and thus urgently warrant further inquiry. The Canadian Provincial and Territorial Correctional Worker Mental Health and Well-Being Study (CWMH) used an online survey to collect data from Canadian correctional service organisations across all 13 provinces and territories. This national Canadian study investigates suicidal behaviours among CWs across diverse occupational roles and provincial and territorial jurisdictions (n = 3740, 50.1% female). The results estimated prevalence proportions for self-reported past-year and lifetime suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempts across the 13 Canadian provincial and territorial correctional systems, with the exceptions of past-year suicidal planning in Alberta, Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, and Yukon where jurisdictional considerations and requests precluded the inclusion of select questions. Substantial proportions of participants reported past-year or lifetime suicidal ideation (i.e., 9.1%, 29.2%, respectively), planning (i.e., 4.1%, 14.7%, respectively), or attempts (i.e., 0.8%, 7.2%, respectively). Sociodemographic variables (i.e., sex, age, marital status, total years of service, occupational category) were associated with past-year and lifetime suicidal behaviours. Findings provide opportunities for future research and can inform tailored efforts by clinicians, service providers, and organisational leaders to support proactive interventions and treatments, including supporting the partners and families of CWs, fostering social support networks, and improving access to timely mental health treatment., (© 2024 The Author(s). Stress and Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Job strain is a major concern in the workplace. Work-related stress is an increasing challenge worldwide as it is the leading cause of long-term sickness absences, disability pensions and lower productivity. Rarely studied simultaneously, both leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and physical fitness (PF), which comprises cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF), may have potential in preventing and managing job strain. The current study aimed to investigate whether LTPA, CRF and MF predict perceived job strain. In addition, the study examines reverse associations, that is, whether job strain predicts LTPA, CRF and MF. We used longitudinal population-based data from a Northern Finland birth cohort of 1966 (n = 5363) to analyse LTPA, CRF and MF as well as job strain and its components, job demands and job control, at age 31 years (1997) and 46 years (2012). Leisure-time physical activity was measured with a self-reported questionnaire whereas CRF and MF were measured as part of clinical examination. Linear regression analyses were used to analyse the data. In both men (n = 2548) and women (n = 2815), higher baseline MF predicted lower job strain and job demands 15 years later. In women, higher baseline total LTPA predicted higher job demands, whereas in men, higher CRF predicted lower job strain and higher job control. These associations remained significant, also when adjusted for education and occupational status. In the analyses on reverse associations, higher job control and higher job demands were linked to higher leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total LTPA 15 years later among both men and women, except for the association between job demands and total LTPA among women. These associations remained significant after adjustment for education and occupational status, except for the association of job control with MVPA and total LTPA among men. The association of higher job demands and total LTPA became significant in women. We conclude that LTPA and PF seem beneficial in preventing and managing job strain., (© 2024 The Author(s). Stress and Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Turnover intention research with the addition of independent variables of work-life balance and work stress in nurses with health backgrounds is rarely found in type c public hospitals in Karawang city, where literature about this research needs to explain it. This research aims to ascertain how work-life balance, workplace stress, and work-family conflict affect nurses' intentions to quit their jobs by using job satisfaction as a mediator. The sampling for this study was carried out using the probability sampling method known as proportionate stratified random sampling. A total of 550 nurses from 4 schools submitted responses. Work-life balance, work-related stress, and job happiness all significantly influence the likelihood of turnover. The desire to increase or reduce hospital turnover is significantly influenced by work-life balance, stress at work, and work-family conflict. This study has limitations that can lead to imperfect conclusions because the sample used is only the nurse division, so this study can only be generalized to some other districts. The variables studied still need to be reviewed to affect turnover intention by mediating job satisfaction., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest in the manuscript, including financial, consultant, institutional, and other relationships that might lead to bias or a conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

We surveyed workers in the performing arts sector to explore the role of positive mindsets in facilitating work-related resilience, engagement and reduced stress using retrospective reporting surveys during the Covid-19 work shut down period. Integrating conservation of resources theory with research on metacognitive self-regulation, we controlled for the severity of the Covid-19 impact and negative affect and found that hope (but not mindfulness) predicted professional engagement, resiliency and reduced tension and distress over time. Further, the relationships between hope and outcomes were mediated by positive affect (PA). Mindfulness was not indirectly (via PA) related to outcomes (i.e., engagement, resiliency, job tension, distress) but was directly and negatively related to job tension and distress. These findings suggest that in times of intense stress or adversity, future-oriented thinking such as hope may be more effective than mindfulness in sustaining positive mindsets and action-oriented outcomes such as engagement. Implications for practice and future research are discussed., (© 2024 The Author(s). Stress and Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

This study explores the efficacy of the Early Advancement in Social-Emotional Health and Positivity (EASP) programme, designed to enhance personal resources, namely self-compassion and positivity among preschool social workers, to reduce stress and bolster work engagement. A total of 84 preschool social workers (M age  = 32.47 years, SD = 6.86, range = 22-55; female = 90.48%) participated in a 5-week randomized control trial. Participants were randomly allocated to either the intervention group (n = 38), which received four online workshops and an online activity, or the wait-list control group (n = 46), which received the intervention post-data collection. Self-compassion, positivity, work engagement, and work stress were measured before and after the intervention. Results from a path analytic model indicated excellent fit with the data, χ2 = 2.08, df = 3, Comparative Fit Index = 1.00, Tucker-Lewis Index = 1.00, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.00 (90% CI = 0.00-0.16), SRMR = 0.03. The intervention demonstrated direct effects on changes in self-compassion (β = 0.21, p = 0.04) and positivity (β = 0.28, p = 0.03), with indirect effects on work engagement (β = 0.13, p = 0.02), while no significant impact was observed on work stress (β = -0.09, p = 0.06). These findings underscore the efficacy of positive psychological interventions in fostering work engagement among social workers. Incorporating the EASP programme into ongoing professional development activities is recommended to enhance the job engagement and psychological well-being of social workers in early childhood education and care sectors., (© 2024 The Author(s). Stress and Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Study Question: What is the prevalence of occupational stress, somatization, and burnout reported by UK and US, embryologists and the impact of work conditions on these well-being outcomes?, Summary Answer: Surveyed UK and US embryologists reported moderate perceived stress, low somatic symptom severity, high levels of burnout, and overall stressful work conditions, but with differences that could be due to country-specific occupational and employment characteristics., What Is Known Already?: Spanish, UK, US, and international surveys have identified high levels of occupational stress, somatization, burnout, and occupational health issues among embryologists. These issues have been attributed to embryologists' occupational challenges and work conditions., Study Design, Size, Duration: A cross-sectional web-based survey was sent to 253 embryologists working in UK ART/IVF clinics and 487 embryologists working in US ART/IVF clinics., Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: Participants self-reported their stress levels, somatization, burnout, and work conditions. Proportions across the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), a single-item work unit grade (A-F), and customized occupational and sociodemographic questionnaires were calculated using descriptive statistics. Welch's t-test was utilized to compare PSS and PHQ-15 scores between groups. Risk ratios were calculated using log-binomial regression for all models except for levels of anxiety related to performing cryostorage tasks, for which Poisson models were used., Main Results and the Role of Chance: In total, 50.6% (128) of the embryologists in the UK and 50.1% (244) in the US completed the survey. Both groups self-reported moderate PSS and low PHQ-15 scores, although fewer UK embryologists scored high on the MBI cynicism dimension than their US colleagues (43% UK vs 60% US embryologists, P < 0.05). The UK and US embryologists did not differ on the MBI exhaustion dimension with both scoring high for exhaustion (59% UK vs 62% US). Although 81% and 80% of UK and US embryologists, respectively, reported working overtime, more embryologists in the UK reported being adequately compensated. Increasing levels of anxiety-related to cryostorage showed a dose-dependent increased risk of burnout on at least two MBI-GS dimensions only in the UK group, and, a dose-dependent likelihood of higher PSS and PHQ-15 scores in both groups., Limitations, Reasons for Caution: Since the two groups were surveyed 9 months apart and were self-reporting, the study is limited by the differences in responsibilities, scheduling, and workload specific to the time of year., Wider Implications of the Findings: Work-related health issues and occupational challenges shared by UK and US embryologists could be addressed by organizational enhancements and technology. Lower levels of stress and burnout among UK embryologists might be due to the HFEA-provided structure/certainty., Study Funding/competing Interest(s): This study was supported without any external funding by TMRW Life Sciences Inc., which is developing and commercializing an automated platform for embryology. M.G.C. and M.S.L. are full-time employees and stockholders/shareholders with TMRW Life Sciences, and A.M. of Novavax, Inc. was an employee of TMRW Life Sciences. G.P. is a consultant for TMRW Life Sciences. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest., Trial Registration Number: NCT05326802; NCT05708963., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.)

Objective: This study investigates anxiety risk and work-related factors among platform workers. The recent growth in the platform industry is a worldwide trend, with delivery workers in Korea representing typical platform workers., Methods: This cross-sectional study used the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey to assess anxiety risk among 532 delivery workers compared to general employees. It identified associations between work-related factors and anxiety, including job demands and autonomy, legal protection, and emotional labor., Results: Delivery workers exhibited significantly higher anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-2.28) and work-related anxiety (OR = 2.17 95% CI = 1.48-3.18) risk than the general workforce, and a significantly higher risk of having unfavorable work environment factors. Their anxiety risk was significantly associated with work-related factors, such as long shifts, quick return, time pressure, job stress, absence of union, work-family conflict, and emotional labor., Conclusions: This study identified high levels of anxiety among Korean delivery workers and associated occupational factors. It highlights the importance for industry and government interventions to enhance mental health support, mitigate poor employment conditions, and ensure legal safeguards., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing pediatric nurses' job stress, including their level of fatigue and partnerships with the parents of patients. This investigation aimed to findings of this study may lead to the development of strategies to reduce pediatric nurse's job stress., Design and Methods: Participants were recruited from pediatric, pediatric intensive care, and neonatal intensive care units across seven general hospitals. Eligibility requires a minimum of 6 months of experience in pediatric nursing. The sample size was determined using the G*power program, considering various variables, including age, marital status, presence of children, and work-related characteristics, leading to a final sample size of 135, adjusted for a 10% dropout rate. Data collection was conducted through self-report questionnaires, and analysis involved frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-tests, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression, using SPSS Statistics 27.0., Results: This study confirmed a significant correlation between pediatric nurses' fatigue and job stress, with higher levels of fatigue associated with increased job stress. Stepwise regression analysis showed that fatigue and age were significant predictors of job stress among pediatric nurses, explaining 23% of the variance. However, detailed analysis showed that younger nurses had lower job stress scores compared to older nurses. This result suggests that more experienced nurses may experience higher job stress due to increased responsibilities and emotional burdens., Practice Implications: This study identified the need for effective strategies to manage fatigue and reduce job stress among pediatric nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Younger nurses, particularly those under 25 and between 26 and 30 years old, experience lower job stress compared to older nurses. Comprehensive support systems should be developed, including workload management, emotional support, and programs to enhance partnerships between nurses and parents. These strategies can improve job satisfaction and the quality of care provided to young patients. Additionally, they ensure a more resilient and effective healthcare workforce during pandemics and similar crises., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between workplace discrimination and psychological distress across 9 years using data from the Midlife in the Unites States study., Methods: Workplace discrimination was measured with a validated six-item scale at baseline with three categories (low, intermediate, and high), and psychological distress was measured with the Kessler 6 scale at baseline and follow-up. In total, 1,546 workers were analyzed by linear regression., Results: High levels of workplace discrimination were significantly associated with increased psychological distress at follow-up (crude β = 0.633; 95% CI, 0.307-0.959). After adjusting for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and health-related behaviors, associations were slightly attenuated (fully adjusted β = 0.447; 95% CI, 0.115-0.780)., Conclusions: High workplace discrimination was longitudinally associated with higher levels of psychological distress. Organizations should actively prevent discrimination, which may improve workers' mental health consequently., Competing Interests: Li, Keller, and Guardiano have no relationships/conditions/circumstances that present potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.)

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) had to perform their duties under extremely trying circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic. High expectations further increased HCP's stress, which had an adverse impact on their mental health. The present quasi-randomised clinical trial examined how a specially designed pranayama regimen practised for 4 weeks affected the mental health of frontline, exposed HCPs in terms of perceived stress, wellness and quality of life. A total of 280 frontline HCPs on COVID-19 duties in five public hospitals of Delhi, India participated in this study. The intervention (n = 123) and control (n = 127) groups were alternately allocated. Data on perceived, self-reported mental health of HCPs were collected at baseline and post-test at the end-line (after 28 days of practice). We report that the intervention group (n = 123) had a substantial lower perceived stress at post-test at the end-line in comparison to the control group (n = 127, p-value: .028). Their overall WHO Quality-of-Life score also improved, of which the score on psychological domain increased significantly (p-value: .019). Accordingly, we conclude that a 28-day practice of the pranayama by the frontline HCPs in COVID-19 hospitals significantly decreased their level of perceived stress and enhanced their psychological quality of life., (© 2024 International Union of Psychological Science.)

Healthcare professionals report poor overall well-being, with many citing mental health concerns and stress as contributing factors. Given that healthcare professionals are crucial to the sustainability of the health sector, examining the factors affecting their well-being at work is essential. This paper reports the findings of research conducted in an Australian regional public hospital, utilising the conservation of resources theory to examine the factors (similarities and differences) that influence the resource loss of healthcare professionals (nurses, medical professionals, and allied health professionals). Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 healthcare professionals of varying roles, and participant perspectives revealed two themes contributing to a resource-poor work environment: 'occupational demands and obstacles' and 'barriers to effective teams'. These challenges caused individual resource loss, and as stress arises from resource depletion, each turn of the stress spiral left the individuals and organization with fewer resources to counteract the loss, causing loss spirals to intensify in momentum and scale. The findings of this research emphasise the importance of executing a proactive approach to well-being initiative implementation to support resource investment and assist in creating a more nurturing healthcare work environment that fosters resource creation and sustenance for healthcare professionals., (© 2024 The Author(s). Stress and Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Mental health in the workplace is a growing concern for enterprises and policy makers. MENTUPP is a multi-level mental health intervention implemented in small and medium size enterprises from three work sectors in nine countries. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, delivery, and instruments for the MENTUPP intervention to inform the planning of a clustered randomized controlled trial., Methods: We administered items from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire and the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study measuring psychosocial workplace factors. The questionnaire was answered by 382 participants at baseline, of which 98 participants also answered after six months at follow-up. We calculated mean scores of 19 psychosocial factors at baseline and conducted repeated measures ANOVAs to assess differences in eight psychosocial factors at follow-up. We also examined whether outcomes differed between work sectors and job positions at follow-up., Results: The construction sector and workers with no or a lower leadership role reported more negative working environment factors at baseline. We observed a statistically significant decline in social support from colleagues and social community at work, and a marginally significant decline in justice at work. For the rest of the constructs, we did not observe statistically significant changes., Conclusions: We found significant differences in psychosocial work environment factors among work sectors and job positions at baseline. Contrary to our hypotheses, three psychosocial work environment factors decreased at follow-up. Possible explanations are the utilization of specific psychosocial factors as resources to cope with psychosocial stressors, high participant expectations that were not met by the intervention, insufficient time for structural changes, or the intervention prompting critical evaluations of the work environment. These findings will inform the design and implementation of the forthcoming clustered randomized controlled trial, where they will also be further investigated to validate their significance., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Acute stress exposure can significantly impact a train driver's capacity to maintain safe train operations. However, research examining how train drivers perceive the impacts of acute stressors is limited. This study investigated train driver perceptions regarding performance impacts of stressful events and potential strategies for reducing negative impacts. 71 Australian train drivers were presented with three stressful event scenarios via an online survey and asked to rate the impacts on driving performance. Results showed that participants perceived that stress would enhance performance, but that impacts differed depending on the event type. The findings suggest that train drivers may not be subjectively aware of negative impacts of acute stress, which has important practical implications for risk management following an incident. Qualitative results revealed the most frequently reported stress impact related to cognition. Practical implications and future research directions to prevent and manage stressful event exposure are discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

This study compared the stress, anxiety and depression levels in employees working in the health, education and security sectors. The study also investigated the effect of psychological resilience on stress, anxiety, and depression levels and whether the stress, anxiety, depression and psychological resilience levels of employees differ according to occupational and demographic variables. In this cross-sectional study, 1222 employees participated, comprising 50.8% from the health sector, 37.7% from education, and 11.5% from security. Data were collected using the Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Scale-21 and the Brief Resilience Scale. The study revealed varying rates of severe stress (49.1%), anxiety (74.0%), and depression (53.2%) among participants. Health employees experienced higher stress (52.1%), anxiety (77.0%), and depression (58%) rates compared to those in education (46.4%, 72.4%, and 48.4%) and security sectors (44.3%, 66.4%, and 48.5%). Health employees exhibited higher stress, anxiety, and depression levels, signifying a significant difference. Furthermore, the research identified psychological resilience as a crucial predictor of stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, these mental health issues were more prevalent among younger individuals with less work experience, females, private sector employees, singles, and those without children. The findings of the study showed that the level of stress, anxiety and depression was high in employees working in all three sectors (health, education and security), but mental problems were more common in health employees. The fact that psychological resilience is a significant predictor of stress, anxiety and depression levels indicates that this factor should be taken into account., (© 2024 The Author(s). Stress and Health published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To characterize the burden and social distribution of occupational psychosocial exposures in the United States (US)., Methods: We merged 2022 US employment and demographic data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) with occupational characteristic data from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), wage data from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics Survey, and hours worked from the CPS, to estimate the number and proportion of US workers at risk of exposure to 19 psychosocial hazards. We additionally estimated the number and proportion of US workers over- or underrepresented in exposure burden., Results: Of the exposures examined, US workers were most commonly employed in occupations with high time pressure (67.5 million US workers exposed; 43.2% US workers exposed), high emotional labor (57.1 million; 36.6%), and low wages (47.8 million; 30.6%). The burden of exposures was uneven across sociodemographic strata, attributable to occupational segregation. The full data set is available online at https://deohs.washington.edu/us-exposure-burden., Conclusions: Work-related psychosocial exposures are ubiquitous and should be considered in occupational and public health research, policy, and interventions to reduce the burden of disease and health inequities in the United States., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: We investigated the impact of engaging in side jobs on turnover and its interaction with psychological distress among Japanese employees., Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted using a questionnaire-based survey. We investigated 2783 full-time employees in companies permitting side jobs. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between side jobs and turnover, and its relationship stratified by psychological distress., Results: Employees engaging in side jobs had higher odds ratios (ORs) for turnover after adjusting for covariates, including psychological distress (OR, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.93). Among those under psychological distress, ORs for turnover were significantly higher (OR, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.76). Conversely, in employees without distress, no significant difference was observed., Conclusions: Side job engagement correlates with higher turnover, particularly among employees under psychological distress., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: T.N. reports personal fees from BackTech Inc., EWEL Inc., and Sompo Health Support Inc., outside the submitted work. K.M. reports research grants from Daido Life Insurance Company and Komatsu Ltd.; scholarship grants from AORC, BackTech Inc., Daido Life Insurance Company, EWEL Inc., iSEQ. Inc., JMA Research Institute Inc., Mediva Inc., SMS Co., Ltd., Sompo Health Support Inc., and T-PEC Corporation; and personal fees from BackTech Inc. and Sompo Health Support Inc., outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.)