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Clinical trials conducted by the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) Study Group and the Children's Oncology Group have been pivotal to establishing current standards for diagnosis and therapy for RMS. Recent advancements in understanding the biology and clinical behavior of RMS have led to more nuanced approaches to diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment. The complexities introduced by these advancements, coupled with the rarity of RMS, pose challenges to conducting large-scale phase 3 clinical trials to evaluate new treatment strategies for RMS. Given these challenges, systematic planning of future clinical trials in RMS is paramount to address pertinent questions regarding the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, biomarkers of response, treatment-related toxicity, and patient quality of life. Herein, the authors outline the proposed strategic approach of the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee to the next generation of RMS clinical trials, focusing on five themes: improved novel agent identification and preclinical to clinical translation, more efficient trial development and implementation, expanded opportunities for knowledge generation during trials, therapeutic toxicity reduction and quality of life, and patient engagement., (© 2024 American Cancer Society.)

Background: The invisibility of the transgender population within official records, combined with other socio-economic factors, impacts oral health status among transgender people. Hence, our systematic review and meta-analysis aim to generate a pooled estimate of the oral health status of the transgender community in India., Material and Methods: A systematic search was performed across four databases. The studies included a quantitative research design conducted in India and involved self-identified transgender individuals. The pooled prevalence was determined at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Q-statistics and the I 2 test were utilized to evaluate the source of heterogeneity. Leave-one-out analysis and Baujat plots were used to detect outliers within the studies. A Doi plot and LFK index were employed to assess the publication bias., Results: A total of 12 studies comprising 1566 transgender participants were included. The pooled prevalence of toothbrush use among transgenders in India was found at 83% (95% CI: 0.73-0.91), smoking = 12% (CI: 0.03-0.26), smokeless tobacco = 53% (CI = 0.38-0.68), dental caries = 78% (CI: 67%-88%), calculus = 65% (CI: 0.4-0.86), and bleeding 18% (CI:0.08-0.32)., Conclusion: Oral health disparities among Indian transgender individuals are evident in the low toothbrush usage, an elevated prevalence of tobacco use, and dental disorders such as calculus, cavities, and bleeding. Tailored dental health programs that include inclusive healthcare services and awareness are essential., Prospero Registration: CRD42023468872., (© 2024 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs, 18-39 years) with cancer identifying as racially/ethnically minoritized or 2SLGBTQIA+ (Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual and "+" referring to other queer identities) have been underrepresented in cancer research. This study explores the aspects of identity that hold significance for these minoritized AYAs and how these facets impact their healthcare experiences., Methods: Eligible participants comprised English-speaking AYAs who self-identified as racially/ethnically minoritized and/or 2SLGBTQIA+, were diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 15-39, currently aged > 18, and had received or were receiving cancer care within Canadian healthcare system. Additionally, four patient partners meeting the same criteria were recruited as research collaborators. Semi-structured one-on-one virtual interviews guided by an interview script were conducted, and qualitative analysis employed a framework approach., Results: We recruited 23 participants from 4 Canadian provinces (mean age: 28, Range: 20-44); 17 identified as racially/ethnically minoritized, one as sexual/gender minoritized, and five as racially/ethnically and sexually/gender minoritized. Participants emphasized that their culture/ethnicity, religion/spirituality, sexuality, gender, family, career, and being an immigrant are important aspects of their identity, with only one participant recognizing their identity as a "person with cancer". A cancer diagnosis altered the aspects of identity deemed most significant by participants. Both visible and invisible aspects of identity shaped participants' experiences and influenced their level of trust in the healthcare system., Conclusion: Racially, ethnically, gender, or sexually minoritized AYAs with cancer place considerable importance on aspects of their identity that are shaped by their respective communities. Recognizing and respecting these identities are paramount for healthcare professionals to deliver safe and inclusive care., (© 2024 The Author(s). Psycho‐Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Importance: Depression is prevalent among patients with cancer, affecting their quality of life and survival. Aerobic physical activity (APA) is an effective strategy for managing depression in the general population, but its effectiveness for reducing depressive symptoms among patients with cancer requires further study., Objective: To evaluate whether APA decreases depression severity in patients with cancer by synthesizing data from published randomized clinical trials (RCTs)., Data Sources: Six databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were systematically searched for relevant citations published between January 1, 1980, and July 5, 2023., Study Selection: This systematic review and meta-analysis included RCTs comparing APA interventions with usual care, waitlist control, or attention control for managing depression in patients with cancer, irrespective of age and cancer type., Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two reviewers independently conducted screening and data extraction. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, version 2. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Data collection and analyses were performed between June 2022 and March 2024., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was severity of self-reported depression reported within 1 month of the end of intervention (short term). Secondary outcomes were severity of self-reported depression between 1 and 6 months post intervention (medium term) and between 6 and 12 months post intervention (long term)., Results: This meta-analysis included 25 RCTs with a total of 1931 adults with cancer (age range, 18-80 years). Ten RCTs (40%) had low risk of bias. Aerobic physical activity was associated with decreased self-reported depression among adults with cancer across the 25 included trials (n = 1931 participants; SMD, -0.38 [95% CI, -0.59 to -0.18]; P < .001; I2 = 76%). This decrease in depression scores was also significant for the secondary outcomes of long-term depression across 3 trials (n = 299 participants; SMD, -0.32 [95% CI, -0.60 to -0.04]; P = .03; I2 = 31%) but not for medium-term depression across 2 trials (n = 143 participants; SMD, -0.27 [95% CI, -0.60 to 0.06]; P = .10; I2 = 0%)., Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, APA was associated with modest short-term and long-term reductions of depression among adults with cancer. Future studies should discern the effectiveness of APA in combination with other strategies for managing depression across various populations of patients with cancer.

Background: Physical activity is an essential aspect of living a healthy lifestyle, which offers a myriad of benefits for both the body and the mind. Nonetheless, a family history of obesity can pose significant challenges to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight, which is further exacerbated by the academic stress. Individuals who have a role model that prioritizes physical activity are more likely to develop positive and healthy habits in their lives., Objectives: The study aimed to examine how role models affect physical activity and its impact on addressing challenges of family obesity history and academic stress in school children., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2020 in three schools in Amritsar district selected by lottery method of simple random sampling. Out of 4226 students, 355 overweight and obese students were interviewed regarding their physical activity. An informed written assent and consent was taken from the children and guardians respectively. Mothers of 6 to 11-year-old students and students aged 12 to 16 were interviewed using a pre-designed, validated, semi-structured questionnaire., Results: 51.3% had a family history of obesity while 14.9% and 14.6% of parents of overweight students had hypertension and diabetes, respectively. Over half (52.7%) lacked interest in physical activity and almost 33.5% of males were inactive. Students who chose movie actors as role models (71.1%) and those who found their role models' information reliable (83.2%) were more likely to participate in physical activity. Of the 247 students who were knowledgeable about healthy living, a significant majority of 70.4% engaged in physical activity while 76% of overweight/obese students reported academic stress as a barrier., Conclusions: Study shows majority engage in physical activity regardless of gender. Over 70% have family history of obesity and healthy lifestyle knowledge. Stress reduces physical activity and students with movie/sports/fitness role models have better activity levels. Reasons for not engaging included dislike for sports and lack of time., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

Background: The aim of this study was to estimate the event-free survival (EFS) of children and young adults with relapsed or refractory nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) treated in nonrandomized phase 2 studies conducted by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and predecessor groups to establish a benchmark EFS for future phase 2 NRSTS trials evaluating the activity of novel agents., Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with recurrent or refractory NRSTS prospectively enrolled in nonrandomized phase 2 COG and predecessor group trials between 1994 and 2015 was conducted. EFS was defined as disease progression/relapse or death and calculated via the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test and relative risk regression were used to compare EFS distribution by age at enrollment, sex, race, NRSTS histology, prior lines of therapy, calendar year of trial, and type of radiographic response., Results: In total, 137 patients were enrolled in 13 phase 2 trials. All trials used radiographic response rate as a primary outcome, and none of the agents used were considered active on the basis of trial-specified thresholds. The estimated median EFS and 6-month EFS of the entire study cohort was 1.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-1.8 months) and 19.4% (95% CI, 12.7%-26%), respectively. No difference in EFS was observed by age at enrollment, sex, race, NRSTS histology subtype, prior lines of therapies, and trial initiation year. EFS significantly differed by radiographic response., Conclusions: The EFS for children and young adults with relapsed or refractory NRSTS remains suboptimal. Established EFS can be referenced as a benchmark for future single-agent phase 2 trials incorporating potentially active novel agents in this population., (© 2024 American Cancer Society.)

Background: TwinRab™ is a novel life-saving biological containing two monoclonal antibodies (docaravimab and miromavimab) essential for all age victims of category III animal exposures. It effectively neutralizes rabies and similar viruses at the exposure site until the body generates vaccine-induced antibodies. This postmarketing surveillance study assesses the safety of TwinRab™ in current postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) use and aims to reinforce its safety data for future applications., Methods: The prospective, open-label observational study was conducted on patients with the World Health Organization category III animal exposures at a government hospital in a northern region of India, by a suspected rabid animal. The study protocol included administering TwinRab™ (40 IU/kg) and a full course of anti-rabies vaccination as PEP., Results: Out of 405 participants, 404 completed the study as per the protocol. Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 12.35% of cases, with 9.88% local AEs (primarily pain and tenderness) and 2.47% systemic AEs (fever, malaise, and myalgia). All AEs were mild and resolved without complications. Most participants (88.9%) and investigators (89.1%) rated TwinRab™'s tolerability as excellent., Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the evidence of a satisfactory safety profile along with better tolerability of TwinRab™ (40 IU/kg) for category III animal exposures and supports its continued usage., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research.)

Background/objective: Alveolar bone graft (ABG) or repair has become a routine part of treatment protocols for individuals with cleft lip and/or palate. However, the necessity and potential benefits of presurgical orthodontic treatment in influencing the outcomes of secondary alveolar bone grafting remain inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of presurgical orthodontics on preparing patients for secondary alveolar bone grafts., Study Design: The authors systematically searched for relevant articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases spanning the period from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2023, using keywords related to alveolar bone grafting and orthodontic treatment for patients with cleft lip and/or palate. The review encompassed various study designs, including prospective and retrospective studies, observational studies, cross-sectional studies, randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. The review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the risk of bias was evaluated in studies selected for full-text review., Results: The search strategy identified 809 publications. After initial screening and application of exclusion criteria, 11 studies were included for final review. Three were prospective studies, 8 were retrospective studies, and 3 were cross-sectional cohort studies. On the basis of ROBINS-I and RoB 2 risk assessment, 9 studies were found to be of moderate risk of bias, one study was categorized as of high risk of bias, and 1 study was categorized as low risk of bias., Conclusions: Drawing from the latest and most reliable studies, 7 out of 11 included studies provided compelling evidence that presurgical orthodontics preceding alveolar bone grafting (ABG) leads to significantly improved outcomes compared with cases without presurgical orthodontic intervention. Notably, individuals with specific conditions, such as severely collapsed upper arch and mispositioned upper incisors, appear to derive the greatest benefits from presurgical orthodontic treatment. However, a call for additional studies characterized by high methodological quality and with longer follow-up periods is emphasized to enhance the safety considerations for both practitioners and patients concerning the utilization of presurgical orthodontics in the treatment of individuals with cleft lip and palate., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Background: Novel therapies are needed for relapsed and refractory rhabdomyosarcoma (RRMS). Phase II clinical trials in RRMS have typically utilized radiologic response as the primary activity endpoint, an approach that poses several limitations in RRMS. In this analysis, we aimed to estimate an event-free survival (EFS) endpoint for RRMS that could be used as a benchmark for future studies., Procedure: We performed a retrospective study of patients with RRMS enrolling on 13 single-agent phase II Children's Oncology Group and legacy group trials from 1997 to 2016. All included trials used radiographic response as their primary activity endpoint. Six-month EFS was estimated from time of trial enrollment with 95% confidence intervals. Clinical characteristics, including trial of enrollment, sex, age, race, histology, number of prior chemotherapies, and radiographic response were evaluated for their impact on 6-month EFS., Results: We identified 175 patients across 13 trials. The 6-month EFS was 16.8% (11.6%-22.8%). No differences were seen in 6-month EFS based on age, sex, race, or histology. There were nonsignificant trends toward improved 6-month EFS for patients with less than or equal to two prior lines of therapy versus higher than two, for patients enrolled on trials that achieved their primary radiographic response endpoint versus trials that did not, and for patients who achieved complete or partial response compared to those achieving stable disease., Conclusions: The prognosis of RRMS enrolled on single-agent phase II trials is poor. This pooled 6-month EFS of RRMS on single-agent trials may be used as a RRMS-specific benchmark for future single-agent phase II trials., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: Rabies is a highly infectious viral zoonotic disease of the central nervous system with a near 100% fatality rate. Vaccine adherence is an integral part of achieving effective treatment. India accounts for 27% of the global deaths from rabies yearly. Rabid dog bites are responsible for 99% of these deaths. This study aimed to assess the effect of reminder calls on compliance with the anti-rabies vaccine among animal bite patients., Methods: An interventional, randomised, single-blinded, parallel-group, single-centre study was conducted at the Anti Rabies Clinic, Rajindra Hospital, Government Medical College, Patiala, a city located in Punjab, India, with a population of approximately 19 lakhs. A sample of 400 patients was enrolled and divided into two groups by lottery method. After obtaining written and informed consent from patients, data were collected using a validated pre-tested, semi-structured proforma. The intervention group received reminder calls before each dose. At the end of the study, complete information regarding compliance was obtained from both groups and analysed., Results: The median age group of the animal bite patients was 21-40 years, with most being male (69.50%). Most of the bites were on the lower extremities (64.0%), followed by the upper extremities (29.0%) and the face (3.25%). Out of 153 patients who delayed the dose, 137 (89.54%) delayed a single dose. The 4th dose on the 28th day was the most frequently delayed dose (75.16%). Reminder calls increased the vaccine compliance rate from 53.5% in the non-intervention group to 70% in the intervention group (adjusted odds ratio=2.28; P =0.0002). There was no effect of gender, area, educational qualification, or marital status on the compliance., Conclusions: Reminder calls were found to have significant effect on the adherence to the anti-rabies vaccine. This simple, cost-effective, and patient-friendly intervention must be integrated within the health care system to ensure timely and complete administration of the anti-rabies vaccine to reduce the risk of rabies., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Importance: Data on the middle school outcomes of preterm children are limited and have methodologic issues., Objective: To study the association between preterm birth and grade 7 school performance., Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study of children born in Manitoba, Canada between 1994 and 2006 using their grade 7 school performance data. A secondary sibling cohort was created comprising children born preterm and their full-term siblings. Primary exposure was preterm birth categorized as <28, 28-33 and 34-36 weeks gestation. The two co-primary grade 7 outcome measures were: not meeting the mathematics competencies, and not meeting the student engagement competencies. Multivariable logistic regression models tested the association between preterm birth and both co-primary outcomes; adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated., Results: 7653 preterm (gestational age median [IQR]: 35 weeks [34,36]) and 110,313 term (40 [39,40]) were included. 43% of < 28 weeks, 18% of 28-33 weeks and 17% of 34-36 weeks had the mathematics co-primary outcome compared to 13% of term children. The corresponding % for the student engagement outcome were 42%, 24%, 24% and 24% respectively. Preterm birth was associated with the mathematics (<28 weeks: 5.48, 3.89-7.70; 28-33 weeks: 1.47, 1.27-1.70; 34-36 weeks: 1.26, 1.16-1.35) and student engagement outcomes (<28 weeks: 2.49, 1.76-3.51; 28-33 weeks: 1.21, 1.06-1.39; 34-36 weeks: 1.09, 1.01-1.16). However, there was no difference in outcomes among the sibling cohort., Conclusions and Relevance: Children born preterm had lower grade 7 performance compared to children born term in this population-based cohort. Screening and supports for them in their middle school years are warranted., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15-39 years) diagnosed with cancer have unique medical and psychosocial needs. These needs could be better addressed through research that is focused on the topics that matter most to them. However, there is currently no patient-oriented research agenda for AYA cancer in Canada. This manuscript describes the early development and project protocol for a priority-setting partnership (PSP) for establishing the top 10 research priorities for AYA cancer in Canada. This project follows the PSP methodology outlined by the James Lind Alliance (JLA) to engage patients, caregivers, and clinicians in research prioritization. The steps of a JLA PSP include establishing a steering group and project partners, gathering uncertainties, data processing and verifying uncertainties, interim priority setting, and a final priority setting workshop. The AYA cancer PSP will result in a top 10 list of research priorities identified by Canadian AYA patients, caregivers, and clinicians that will be published and shared broadly with the research community. The first steering group meeting was held in April 2023, and the project is ongoing. The establishment of a patient-oriented research agenda for AYA cancer will catalyze a long-term and impactful research focus and ultimately improve outcomes for AYA patients with cancer in Canada.

Purpose: To compare the cumulative incidence of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer with the general population and their unaffected siblings., Methods: A retrospective, population-based, matched cohort design was used to investigate the impact of cancer diagnosis on mental disorders among individuals age 15-39 diagnosed between 1989 and 2019. Two cancer-free cohorts were identified: matched population-based and sibling cohorts. Outcomes included incidence of mood and anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, suicide outcomes, psychotic disorders, and any of the preceding four categories within 5 years of cancer diagnosis. Competing risk regression was used to estimate adjusted subhazard ratios (aSHR) and 95% CIs., Results: Among 3,818 AYAs with cancer matched to the population-based cancer-free cohort, individuals with cancer were more likely to be diagnosed with incident mental disorders than those without cancer; the risk was highest immediately after a cancer diagnosis and decreased over time with aSHR [95% CI] for mood and anxiety disorders at 0-6 months (11.27 [95% CI, 6.69 to 18.97]), 6-12 months (2.35 [95% CI, 1.54 to 3.58]), and 12-24 months (2.06 [95% CI, 1.55 to 2.75]); for substance use disorders at 0-6 months (2.73 [95% CI, 1.90 to 3.92]); for psychotic disorders at 0-6 months (4.69 [95% CI, 2.07 to 10.65]); and for any mental disorder at 0-6 months (4.46 [95% CI, 3.41 to 5.85]), 6-12 months (1.56 [95% CI, 1.14 to 2.14]), and 12-24 months (1.7 [95% CI, 1.36 to 2.13]) postcancer diagnosis. In sibling comparison, cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher incidence of mood and anxiety and any mental disorder during first 6 months of cancer diagnosis., Conclusion: AYAs with cancer experience a greater incidence of mental disorders after cancer diagnosis relative to population-based and sibling cohorts without cancer, primarily within first 2 years, underscoring the need to address mental health concerns during this period.

Introduction: Rabies has significant health and economic consequences for both humans and animals. Annually, India witnesses 17.4 million dog bites, yet only 3 million individuals receive post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). There is a shortage of anti-rabies vaccine in India as quoted in many news reports. In India, lack of documentation of previous vaccination against animal bites is there, hence resulting in the re-administration of the anti-rabies vaccine, leading to a significant biological loss (anti-rabies vaccine)., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted. Data was collected, and analyzed from June 2021 to June 2023 a period of 2 years., Results: Majority of the patients reported within the first 24 hours after being bitten while approximately one-third reported after 24 hours. Majority were Category 3 bites and unprovoked. Males, lower-middle class, and bites on lower extremities were common among 4291 patients attending the clinic. Out of 217 re-exposure cases, 185 did not have any documentation regarding their previous treatment of animal bites., Conclusion: Among 4291 patients attending the clinic, majority were Category 3 bites on the lower extremities. 85.25% of re-exposure cases had to be administered a full course of treatment due to a lack of documentation leading to rabies as a biological wastage. This avoidable wastage can be a resource for treating more patients., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

Objective: The purpose is to evaluate outcomes of alveolar bone grafting based on the pre-grafting orthodontic preparation methods., Design: Retrospective analysis of individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate., Subjects and Settings: 28 individuals with non-syndromic UCLP from two craniofacial centers, 14 individuals each from XXXX and XXXX., Interventions: The alignment group underwent maxillary expansion with incisors alignment while the non-alignment group underwent only maxillary expansion for presurgical orthodontic preparation., Methods: Initial and post-surgical CBCT scans were compared to observe changes in angulation of the incisor adjacent to the cleft site, alveolar bony root coverage, and bone graft outcomes., Results: In the alignment group, the buccolingual rotation decreased by 32.35 degrees ( p  = .0002), the anteroposterior inclination increased by 14.01 degrees ( p  = .0004), and the mesiodistal angulation decreased by 17.88 degrees ( p  = .0001). Alveolar bony coverage did not change after bone graft in both groups, and no difference was observed between the groups. Chelsea scale showed satisfactory bone graft outcome (category A, C) in 12 cases (85.71%) in the alignment group and 11 cases (78.51%) in the non-alignment group. The volumetric measurement showed the alignment group had better bone fill of 69.85% versus 51.45% in the non-alignment group ( p  = .0495)., Conclusions: Alveolar bony coverage on the tooth adjacent to cleft sites did not change with alveolar bone grafting surgery in either of the alignment and non-alignment group. Presurgical orthodontic alignment does not induce root exposure nor poorer bone grafting outcome., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Program at CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB) has experienced tremendous growth since its inception. This report provides an overview of how the AYA program at CCMB was established and the crucial factors that led to its early accomplishments and continued expansion. These factors included actions and decisions made at the individual and organizational level that helped lay a strong foundation for the program's sustained success. We hope that some of these lessons learned can be adapted and implemented by other oncology agencies to improve the care outcomes and experiences of AYAs living with cancer.

Introduction: From the advancement of treatment of pediatric cancer diagnosis, the five-year survival rate has increased significantly. However, the adverse consequence of improved survival rate is the second malignant neoplasm. Although previous studies provided information on the incidence and risk of SMN in long term survivors of childhood cancer, there is still scarce information known for short term (< 5 years) prognosis. This study aims to assess the incidence, characteristics, management, and outcome of children who develop SMN malignancies within 5 years of diagnosis of their initial cancer., Method: This is a retrospective cohort study of early Second Malignant Neoplasms (SMN) in pediatric oncology patients. The Cancer in Young People - Canada (CYP-C) national pediatric cancer registry was used and reviewed pediatric patients diagnosed with their first cancer from 2000-2015., Results: A total of 20,272 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of a first malignancy were analyzed. Of them, 0.7% were diagnosed with a SMN within the first 5 years following their first cancer diagnosis. Development of a SMN impacted survival, shown by an inferior survival rate in the SMN cohort (79.1%) after three years compared to that of the non-SMN cohort (89.7%). Several possible risk factors have been identified in the study including the use of epipodophyllotoxins, exposure to radiation, and hematopoietic stem cell 169 transplant., Discussion: This is the first national study assessing the incidence, 170 characteristics, risk factors and outcome of early SMN in Canadian children 171 from age 0-15 from 2000-2015., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Ricci, Subburaj, Lim, Shukla, Kaur, Xie, Laverty, Zakaria, Pole, Pelland-Marcotte, Barber, Israels, Tran, Oberoi, Renzi, MacDonald, Sung and Kulkarni.)

Background: Intense marketing of fast-food items impacts the eating habits among children and adolescents. Various studies suggest that increased screen time leads to increased fast-food consumption and decreased sleep duration, both of which are linked to obesity in growing age., Objectives: To assess screen time and dietary habits among the study group and to estimate their effect on sleep deprivation and obesity., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 in three schools in Amritsar selected by lottery method of simple random sampling. Out of 4,226 students, 355 overweight and obese students were interviewed regarding their dietary habits. An informed written assent was taken from the mothers. The information was collected on a semi-structured, pre-designed questionnaire by interviewing the mothers of students between 6 and 11 years of age and the students of 12-16 years., Results: 94.4% of students preferred fast foods to regular meals and 58.3% were in the habit of skipping breakfast. 59.4% had a history of daily intake of fast foods while 76.1% had a habit of consuming fast foods while watching television. Only 31.7% had an adequate sleeping pattern of 9-11 hours and 79.7% of the students had a screen time of over 3 hours., Conclusions: More the screen time, the more the chances of missing meals. Being awake for a long odd time leads to increased consumption of foods/snacks furthermore. Regarding the harmful effects of fast foods, the source of information was from schools, but only 41.4% were aware about these effects., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)