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BACKGROUND: To date, cider production has primarily relied on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Introducing novel non‐Saccharomyces yeasts can enhance the diversity of cider properties. Among these, the Metschnikowia genus stands out for its ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes that may impact the sensorial and technological properties of cider. This study focused on evaluating the impact of three Metschnikowia species – Metschnikowia koreensis (Mk), M. reukaufii (Mr), and M. pulcherrima (Mp) – which exhibit acid protease and esterase activity, on the quality enhancement of cider. RESULTS: The research findings indicate that the overall quality of cider produced through co‐fermentation with these species surpassed that of cider fermented with mono‐fermentation of S. cerevisiae (Sc). The cider fermented with the Sc + Mk combination exhibited the lowest levels of harsh‐tasting malic acid and higher levels of softer lactic acid. Sensory array analysis also demonstrated that the Sc + Mk fermented cider exhibited high sensor response values for compounds contributing to a complex overall olfactory composition and richness. Furthermore, the Sc + Mk fermented cider exhibited the highest total quantity and variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Specifically, the concentrations of phenethyl alcohol, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, ethyl octanoate, and decanoic acid were notably elevated in comparison with other groups. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates that Metschnikowia species, particularly M. koreensis, show significant potential as starters for cider due to their various technological properties, including acidity modulation, aroma enhancement, and color improvement. The findings of this study provide a foundation for improving cider quality by co‐fermenting S. cerevisiae with innovative starter cultures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Michelia macclurei Dandy is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, but little is understood about the bioactive compositions and biological potential of its different parts, limiting their applications. This study aims to identify the bioactive compositions and analyze differences in accumulation patterns from different parts of Michelia macclurei (heartwood, sapwood, bark, root, leaf, and fruit) using metabolomics. It also seeks to explore their biological potential and analyze the relationship between the bioactive compositions and biological potential. RESULTS: A total of 63 volatile metabolites (VMs) were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in six parts, and the VMs in each part were dominated by sesquiterpenes and their derivatives (71.40–88.32%). Six parts of Michelia macclurei contained structurally diverse non‐volatile metabolites (NVMs) with a total of 207 bioactive compounds, including 92 alkaloids, 30 flavonoids, 19 lignans, and 18 organic acids, utilizing ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the accumulation patterns of bioactive compositions differed significantly among the different parts, and the 25 VMs and 72 NVMs could be considered potential markers for distinguishing the different parts of Michelia macclurei. The excellent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory capacity of extracts of all six parts was indicated by in vitro bioactivity assays. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the bioactive compositions in the six parts were significantly correlated with antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION: This study offers helpful information on the distribution of bioactive compositions in different parts of Michelia macclurei and confirms the excellent antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory potential of its extracts, which could provide scientific evidence for its potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, and functional foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various antioxidant components have been reported in Japanese rice wine (sake), while the contribution ratio of each component to the antioxidant capacity of whole sake has not been well understood. In this study, we evaluated the radical absorption capacity (H‐ORAC and/or DPPH radical scavenging ability) and antioxidant components of commercially available sake, and estimated the major components contributing to antioxidant capacity. Results: Water‐soluble components with a molecular weight of less than 3000 contributed more than 90% to H‐ORAC of sake by measuring the ultrafiltered fraction. The Maillard reaction seemed to have little influence on H‐ORAC by browning experiments. The radical absorption capacity of sake showed a strong positive correlation with the amounts of four antioxidant amino acids (Cys, Met, Tyr, Trp) and two phenolic acids (ferulic acid and p‐coumaric acid). Evaluating H‐ORAC of a sake model solution composed of these antioxidants revealed that the four amino acids showed a clearly higher contribution (25.7–58.2%) than the phenolic acids. In addition, there was a slight synergistic effect when the four amino acids were mixed, whereas such effects were not seen when mixed with the phenolic acids and other sake major components (organic acids, glucose and ethanol). Conclusion: We concluded that the contribution of free amino acids to the radical absorption capacity is quite important in sake. These findings will provide a new perspective for antioxidant researches of sake and many fermented foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burn-hemorrhagic shock combined injury, a severe condition causing complex stress responses and metabolic disturbances that significantly affect clinical outcomes in both military and civilian settings, was modeled in swine to investigate the associated metabolomic and proteomic changes and identify potential biomarkers for disease prognosis. Methods: Eight clean-grade adult male Landrace pigs (4–5 months, average weight 60–70 kg) were used to model burn-hemorrhagic shock combined injury. Serum samples collected at 0 h and 2 h post-injury were analyzed using metabolomic and proteomic measurements. The metabolomic and proteomic data were processed through partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS–DA) and the KEGG enrichment etc. Furthermore, the integrate analysis of the metabolomic and proteomic data was generalized by canonical correlation discriminant analysis, and the correlation between metabolites and mortality of the swine model was predicted using a multiple linear regression model by Pearson analysis. Results: PLS–DA revealed a global shift in each of the metabolomic and proteomic profiles following injury. The levels of 87 signature metabolites including various types of amino acids, fatty acids and acyl-carnitines of different lengths, and many metabolites in the gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are generally increased (P < 0.05) after injury and can be used as biomarkers. Pathways related to amino acids metabolism and TCA cycle were significantly enriched (P < 0.01). In proteome analysis, we found dramatically altered (P < 0.05) levels of matrix and red blood cell-related proteins, such as type I collagen and hemoglobin. Most importantly, we found that the markedly elevated (P < 0.01) succinic acid, glutaric acid, and malic acid are closely associated (r = 0.863, 0.861, and 0.821, respectively) with injury severity by Pearson analysis, and can predict mortality using a multiple linear regression model. Conclusions: The study provides compelling observations that burn-shock swine model undergoes dramatic changes in the acute phase and present a valuable panel for clinical use of prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor worldwide, with a high mortality rate due to its complex etiology and limited early screening techniques. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for early detection of CRC utilizing targeted metabolite profiling of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis identified metabolites in PRP collected from patients with CRC (n = 70) and healthy controls (n = 30). A total of 302 metabolites were identified and quantified in this study, including various categories such as lipids, lipid mediators, amino acids, and derivatives, organic acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, alkaloids, carbohydrates, vitamins and derivatives, and others. The differential analysis revealed that five carbohydrates and organic acids (lactose, glycerol‐3‐phosphate, 2−hydroxyglutaric acid, isocitric acid, and citric acid) involved in the carbohydrate metabolism pathway displayed consistent upregulation within PRP derived from patients with CRC. To further validate the abundance of differential metabolites, 10 pairs of CRC tissues, adjacent tissues, and matched PRP were collected. Ultimately, five carbohydrate metabolites were validated in PRP, and compared with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 19‐9 (CA199), the five carbohydrate metabolites significantly improved the specificity of differentiating patients with CRC from healthy controls. Furthermore, the diagnostic efficacy of the combined five‐carbohydrate metabolite panel was superior to that of individual metabolites, CEA and CA199. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of the metabolite panel in distinguishing patients with CRC from healthy controls were 90.00%, 96.67%, and 0.961 (95% CI 0.922–0.998), respectively. Collectively, metabolomics was used to identify and validate differential metabolites in the PRP of CRC, which may serve as potential early screening markers for patients with CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. Although the importance of pH and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on rumen development are well-known, their impact on the small and large intestine are unclear. This study investigated how single-dose ruminal infusions with high or low SCFA concentrations and high or low pH affect calves' productivity, as well as physiological parameters associated with hindgut acidosis at 3 time points in 49 d. Holstein bull calves (n = 32) were individually housed and fed milk replacer (900 g/d) twice daily and calf starter and water ad libitum. At d 10 ± 3 of life, the rumens were fistulated and cannulated. At d 14 of life, calves were grouped by BW and assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: high or low SCFA concentration (285 vs. 10 m M) and high or low pH (6.2 vs. 5.2), creating 4 treatment groups: high SCFA concentration, high pH (HS-HP); high SCFA concentration, low pH (HS-LP); low SCFA concentration, high pH (LS-HP); and low SCFA concentration, low pH (LS-LP). On d 21, 35, 49, feces were sampled to calculate apparent total-tract digestibility, determinate organic acid concentrations (i.e., SCFA, branched-chain fatty acid [BCFA], and lactic acid), and pH. Afterward, the rumen was evacuated and underwent a single-dose infusion for 4 h with 1 of 4 treatment buffers. After completion of rumen infusion on d 49, calves were killed and the tissue weight and length were recorded, along with the digesta pH of the rumen, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum. Data were analyzed with main factors as fixed effects and repeated measures for weekly measurements. Treatments did not affect performance parameters such as feed intake, ADG, apparent total-tract digestibility and gut measurements. In the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, HS-HP had a greater digesta pH than LS-HP, whereas the hindgut digesta pH was only affected by the SCFA concentration. A high SCFA concentration increased the concentration of colonic isovaleric acid and fecal BCFA, whereas only colonic acetic acid and fecal lactic acid concentrations were affected by treatment. Fecal SCFA and BCFA concentrations increased mainly on d 35. In summary, 4 h of physiological buffer infusion in the rumen does not change apparent total-tract digestibility and gut measurements but does affect hindgut fermentation parameters (i.e., organic acid concentrations and digesta pH). In addition, calves can experience increased risks of hindgut acidosis around 35 d of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anaerobic acid production experiments were conducted with the pretreated kitchen waste under pH adjustment. The results showed that pH 8 was considered to be the most suitable condition for acid production, especially for the formation of acetic acid and propionic acid. The average value of total volatile fatty acid at pH 8 was 8814 mg COD/L, 1.5 times of that under blank condition. The average yield of acetic acid and propionic acid was 3302 mg COD/L and 2891 mg COD/L, respectively. The activities of key functional enzymes such as phosphotransacetylase, acetokinase, oxaloacetate transcarboxylase and succinyl-coA transferase were all enhanced. To further explore the regulatory mechanisms within the system, the distribution of microorganisms at different levels in the fermentation system was obtained by microbial sequencing, results indicating that the relative abundances of Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Chloroflexi, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes and Propionibacteriales , which were great contributors for the hydrolysis and acidification, increased rapidly at pH 8 compared with the blank group. Besides, the proportion of genes encoding key enzymes was generally increased, which further verified the mechanism of hydrolytic acidification and acetic acid production of organic matter under pH regulation. The anaerobic acid production of the pretreated kitchen waste was enhanced with pH regulation and pH 8 was considered to be the most suitable condition, especially for the formation of acetic acid and propionic acid. The regulatory mechanisms were adequately demonstrated by microbial sequencing and the genes encoding key enzymes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct synthesis of 1,2‐pentanediol (1,2‐PeD) from renewable xylose and its derivatives derived from hemicellulose is appealing yet challenging due to its low selectivity for the target product. In this study, one‐pot catalytic conversion of xylose to 1,2‐PeD was performed by using nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) supported Pt catalysts with the assistance of organic acids. A remarkable yield of 49.3 % for 1,2‐PeD was achieved by reacting 0.1869 g xylose in 30 mL water at 200 °C under a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa for 8 h in the presence of 0.1 g of 2.5Pt/NC600 catalyst and 0.1869 g propanoic acid co‐catalyst. The presence of vicinal Pt‐acid pair sites on the surface of the 2.5Pt/NC600 catalyst exhibited a synergistic effect in promoting the hydrogenation of furfural (FF) to furfuryl alcohol (FFA) intermediate and subsequent hydrogenation and ring‐opening reactions leading to the formation of 1,2‐PeD. The addition of organic acids, may serve as both acid catalyst for dehydration of xylose and hydrogen donor for hydrogenation of FF and FFA, thereby promoting the one‐pot conversion of xylose to 1,2‐PeD. Remarkably, the 2.5Pt/NC600 catalyst demonstrated outstanding catalytic performance and good reusability over five consecutive cycles without significant deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Fruits are vital for promoting human health, as well as providing nutrients and other compounds linked to protection against many different diseases. Loengo (Anisophyllea boehmii Engl.) produces an edible stone fruit, plum-shaped (drupe), dark blue and maroon or carmine in the ripening stage, which is generally, consumed fresh in the production areas. Characterization of this fruit will contribute to estimate its nutritional and pharmaceutical potential impact. The present work aimed at the physic-chemical, nutritional and antioxidant activity characterization of loengo fruit. Methods: Soluble solid contents (SSC) in the pulp were assessed in juice, at room temperature. Total protein was determined using the Dumas method. In what concerns the mineral composition were determined by ICP-OES. Organic acids identification and quantification was accomplished using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The total polyphenol contents (TPC) were determined in 96-well microplate assays. Antioxidant activity were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Results and discussion: Composition, in terms of fresh matter is as follows: pulp soluble sugar content (refractometer) is 19.5% ± 0.02%, and pulp titratable acidity 1.2% ± 0.1% expressed in citric acid; total protein content is 7.4% ± 0.02%, 8.0% ± 0.1%, 16.9% ± 0.2%, for the peel, pulp and seed, respectively. In what concerns the mineral composition, the results obtained show that it is a good source of minerals, mainly potassium and phosphorus, but also calcium, sulfur, and magnesium, with the pulp richer in potassium, the seed in phosphorus, and the peel in calcium. As expected, the pulp showed the highest total soluble sugar content, whereas the seed had the lowest. The main sugars found in the pulp were glucose and fructose. In the peel citric acid was the main organic acid found, together with malic, oxalic, and ascorbic acids. Most antioxidant activity was found in the seed. The results of this work provide important basic information to recommend the consumption of this fruit for its sweet taste, chemical and nutritional composition, and, most of all, for its richness in total phenolic compounds for it potential to formulate nutraceutical foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global citrus production has been severely affected by citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Clas), and the development of effective control methods are crucial. This study employed antimicrobial lipopeptide and phytohormone complex powder (L1) prepared from the fermentation broth of the endophytic plant growth promoting bacterium (PGPB) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MG-2 to treat Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (C Las)-infected ' Citrus reticulata 'Chun Jian' plants. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and PCR were employed for disease detection. The results revealed that after 15 spray-drench treatments with L1 solution, the HLB infection rate decreased from 100 to 50%, the bacterial titer decreased by 51.9% compared with a 27.9% decrease in the control group. L1 treatment triggered the production of reactive oxygen species, increased lignin content, and increased defense enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Defense-related gene expression significantly increased within 12 h of treatment. In addition, L1 application also promoted plant growth, as evidenced by higher transpiration rates and net photosynthetic rates as well as increased leave or root density. Root flora analysis revealed that the abundances of Burkholderia_thailandensis , unclassified_g_Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia , unclassified_g__Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium , and Pseudomonas_mosselii were 1.64, 1.46, 5.84, and 6.93 times greater, respectively, than those in the control group. The levels of phenylpropanoids, polyketides, lipids, lipid-like molecules, organic acids, and derivatives, significantly increased following L1 treatment (FC > 2, p < 0.05). Additionally, salicylic acid, dihydrojasmonic acid, and isopentenyl adenosine levels in leaves markedly increased. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) confirmed that L1 contained surfactin, iturin and fengycin cyclic-lipopeptides (CLPs) as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 3-indolebutyric acid (IBA), indole-3-carboxylic acid and indole-3-carboxaldehyde auxins , N6- entopentenyladenine and t-zeatin-riboside cytokinins, abscisic acid, 1-aminocyclicpanecarboxylic acid, salicylic acid, and gibberellin A1, A3 and A4 phytohormones. These findings provide insight into multiple mechanisms by which endophytic Bacillus PGPB L1 is able to combat HLB disease, to promote citrus plant growth, and to optimize the root flora for soil health which offering an innovative strategy for sustainable management of this severe disease and improving citrus plant growth and productivity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus is a ubiquitous soil bacterium for its plant growth-promoting properties, and it is widely used as a biofertilizer. This research aimed to isolate and determine the morphology and biochemical properties associated with plant-growth promotion ability characterizing Bacillus strains. The bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of various highland vegetables grown in Andisols soil in Indonesia. Bacillus isolation was conducted using the serial dilution plate method by means of tryptic soy agar. Characterization of the isolated bacteria included Gram staining, biochemical characteristics, pathogenicity testing, and the production of metabolites, including organic acids, phytohormones, and exopolysaccharides. Four bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus based on colony and cell morphology, the presence of endospore, as well as biochemical properties and metabolite production. The species determination by PCR amplification and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the four Bacillus were identified as Bacillus safensis strain MDL5, Bacillus altitudinis strain RPW2, and Bacillus sp. strain SZ057. The study presents the occurrence of Bacillus within the rhizosphere of vegetables and the understanding of their properties being considered for biofertilizer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organic acids have emerged as promising alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of organic acids blends v.i.z. Acidapure liquid and Acidapure powder supplementation on the growth performance, gut health, gut microbiota, and serum lipid profile of broiler chickens. A total of 120-day-old chicks with similar live body weights were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was further divided into 3 replicates, and each further divided into three replicates of ten bird. The birds in Group 1 (T1) were fed a basal diet supplemented with plain drinking water, those in Group 2 (T2) received basal feed supplemented with Acidapure powder (1 kg/MT feed) and plain drinking water, those in Group 3 (T3) received basal feed supplemented with Acidapure liquid in the drinking water (0.2 ml/l water), and those in Group 4 (T4) received basal feed supplemented with Acidapure powder (1 kg/MT feed) and Acidapure liquid in the drinking water (0.2 ml/l water). Acidapure powder and Acidapure liquid were added to the feed and water of the broilers from 0–42 days of life. The results showed that compared with the control (T1), supplementation with Acidapure powder and liquid in broiler chickens for 42 days increased (P < 0.05) ABW and ADG and reduced FCR in the treatment groups (T2, T3 and T4). At d 21 and 42, all forms of Acidapure supplement increased the VH and CD in the jejunum and ileum and reduced the pH of the ileum. Compared with the control (T1), the combination of Acidapure powder and liquid (T4) increased the gene expression of the tight junction proteins Claudin-1 and Zona Occludense 1 (ZO-1). Compared with the control, Acidapure supplementation reduced the cecal coliform count and total viable count (TVC) and decreased the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In conclusion, Acidapure, as a blend of organic acids, effectively enhances the growth performance and gut health of broilers, making it a viable and safe alternative to traditional antimicrobial growth promoters.

Protein-rich diets often contain high quantities of biogenic amines (BAs), notably histamine and tyramine, which pose substantial health hazards owing to their toxicity. BAs are primarily produced by the microbial decarboxylation of free amino acids. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can either produce BAs using substrate-specific decarboxylase enzymes or degrade them into non-toxic compounds using amine-degrading enzymes such as amine oxidase and multicopper oxidase. Furthermore, LAB may inhibit BA-producing microbes by generating bioactive metabolites, including organic acids and bacteriocins. This paper thoroughly explores the processes underlying BA production and degradation in LAB, with a focus on the diversity of enzymes involved. Metabolic mapping of LAB strains at the genus and species levels reveals their involvement in BA metabolism, from production to degradation. The phylogenetic-based evolutionary relatedness of BA-producing and BA-degrading enzymes among LAB strains sheds light on their functional adaptability to various metabolic needs and ecological settings. These findings have significant practical implications for establishing better microbial management strategies in food production, particularly through strategically using starter or bioprotective cultures to reduce BA buildup. By highlighting the evolutionary and metabolic diversity of LAB, this review helps to optimize industrial fermentation processes, improve food safety protocols, and advance future research and innovation in BA management, ultimately protecting consumer health and supporting regulatory compliance. • Biogenic amines (BAs) in protein-rich foods pose health risks due to potential toxicity. • LAB strains can produce BAs from amino acid precursors using decarboxylase enzymes. • The LAB strain degrades BAs via enzymes like amine oxidase, dehydrogenase, and multicopper oxidase. • Phylogenetic analysis shows conservation and divergence of BAs-related enzymes in LAB strains. • Metabolic mapping of LAB strains reveals their roles in BA metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practical sweet cherry production, grafting onto rootstocks is a common practice to enhance environmental adaptability. Rootstocks play a crucial role in influencing scion growth and fruit quality by regulating the absorption and utilization of mineral elements. In this study, the influence of five rootstocks with or without root fertilization during the fruit color conversion period on the fruit quality of sweet cherry 'Summit' was observed. The physicochemical characteristics, external color characteristics, and total anthocyanin content of 'Summit' were significantly affected by both rootstock and fertilization, with an interaction between the two factors. The content of certain sugar components, organic acid components and phenolic acid components in 'Summit' were significantly affected by rootstocks and fertilization. 'Summit' grafted on Gisela 5 and H22 exhibited higher sugar content, while 'Summit' grafted on H11 and H17 exhibited higher organic and phenolic acid content. • Physicochemical characteristics were affected by rootstocks and fertilization. • The content of certain sugars and acid components were affected by rootstocks. • 'Summit' grafted on G5 and H22 exhibited higher sugar content. • 'Summit' grafted on H11 and H17 exhibited higher organic and phenolic acid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent for the dissolution and subsequent chemical modification of various pectin derivatives. DMSO was found to effectively dissolve low-methoxy pectin, high-methoxy pectin, polygalacturonic acid hydrazide, pectin amide, and polygalacturonic hydroxamic acid when the negative charges on the polysaccharide backbone were neutralized with organic acids. The dissolution process was further enhanced by increasing the temperature, although higher temperatures also promoted chain cleavage. The dissolved pectin derivatives were successfully modified through transesterification and Schiff base formation, demonstrating the potential of acidic DMSO as a non-toxic and cost-effective solvent system for homogeneous pectin chemistry. The study opens new possibilities for the functionalization of pectin in various industrial and biomedical applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasound-assisted curing and UV-assisted drying on the quality of semi-dried tilapia fillets through flavoromics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. Both treatments enhanced myofibril pore space and reduced moisture content (−14.84 %, P < 0.05), with ultrasound demonstrating greater effectiveness. Additionally, they also facilitated lipid oxidation (P < 0.05), which altered the flavor profile. UV treatment enhancing key aroma compounds (ROAV >1), especially octanal, 1-octen-3-one, ethyl-isovalerate, and 2-pentyl-furan, more effectively than ultrasound (P < 0.05). 420 lipid molecules and 213 metabolites were identified, including 162 differential lipids and 69 differential metabolites (VIP > 1). Correlation analysis indicated that triglycerides, fatty acids, organic acids, and nucleosides were key precursors of flavor. The sensory evaluation demonstrated that ultrasound and UV treatments synergistically enhanced fillet quality. This study introduces an innovative processing method aimed at the industrialized and efficient production of high-quality air-dried aquatic products. • Ultrasound and UV radiation improved the sensory scores of semi-dried tilapia fillets. • Ultrasound and UV radiation facilitated the formation of volatiles. • A total of 420 lipid molecules were identified, of which 162 were screened by VIP > 1. • A total of 213 metabolites were identified, of which 69 were screened by VIP > 1. • Correlation analysis showed TGs, FAs, and nucleosides were flavor precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory defects dry-cured ham usually has an unpleasant taste and smell. To deepen the understanding of the formation mechanism of sensory defect ham, the metabolites and microbial community composition were investigated between normal and sensory defect ham. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the excessive accumulation of Enterobacteriaceae and Yeasts and reduced abundance of flavor-related microorganisms may be one of the reasons for the sensory defect hams. 42 differential metabolites were screened by metabolomics, among which amino acids and their derivatives and organic acids were the key metabolites to distinguish sensory defect hams from normal hams. KEGG pathway analysis showed that amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism were the main metabolic pathways of defect hams. These results indicated that small molecule metabolites and microorganisms were closely related to the quality of Nuodeng ham, which provides a scientific basis for the quality control of Nuodeng ham. • The metabolites and metabolite pathway were evaluated in sensory defect hams. • Amino acids and organic acids were key biomarkers for defective hams. • Overaccumulation of Enterobacteriaceae and Yeasts in sensory defect hams. • Amino acid and purine metabolism were the key metabolic pathways of defective ham. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite potential health benefits of cookies with seeds, e.g., antioxidant and anticholesterolemic activity, their baking may lead to processing contaminants. This study investigated the acrylamide formation in cookies containing chia and flaxseeds (13 samples) in various formats and amounts by LC–MS/MS using stable isotope dilution analysis. Furthermore, the impact of different factors was studied. Cookies with chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) exhibit increased acrylamide contents from whole (112–286 μg/kg) to milled seeds (252–649 μg/kg). Acrylamide contents of cookies with whole or milled flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum) (204–516 μg/kg) were comparable to those with chia seeds, while cookies with flaxseed flour had the highest exposure (790 μg/kg). Adding baking agents to cookies with chia seeds increased acrylamide by 20 %, while organic acids significantly lowered it (up to 78 %). The sugar source affected acrylamide in cookies with chia seeds, with brown sugar resulting in the highest content (213 μg/kg). [Display omitted] • Acrylamide formation in roasted chia seeds was time- and temperature-dependent. • Acrylamide increased by adding chia seeds to cookies depending on format and amount. • Adding organic acids reduced acrylamide formation in cookies with chia seeds. • The sugar type influenced acrylamide levels in cookies with chia seeds. • Flaxseeds added to cookies raised acrylamide levels depending on format and amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential prebiotic properties and proliferation mechanism of fermented milk-derived peptides. In this study, fermented milk-derived polypeptides were obtained by extraction, separation, and purification. The purified peptides were used to culture fecal flora in vitro , and the relative abundance and composition of the flora were analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology. The results showed that peptides can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria Lactococcus in the intestine and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria Escherichia coli-Shigella. The amino acid sequence of polypeptide components was determined and synthesized in vitro to verify the proliferation of intestinal flora; the proliferation mechanism of peptides on Lactococcus lactis was studied using non-targeted LC-MS metabolomics technology. Five important peptides with molecular weights of 1000–2000 Da were identified by LC-MS: GRP1 (LTEEEK), GRP2 (ENDAPSPVM*K), GRP3 (ITVDDK), GRP4 (EAM*APK) and GRP5 (LPPPEK). The results showed that the peptides could affect the arginine biosynthesis pathway and the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism of Lactococcus lactis. In addition, the peptides increased the expression of organic acids and their derivatives in Lactococcus lactis. This study provides a research basis for expanding the potential sources of new prebiotics and also opens up a new idea for discovering new prebiotics in vitro. • Fermented milk-derived polypeptides have protentional probiotic properties. • Five peptides from 1000 to 2000 proliferate the beneficial bacteria such as Lactococcus. • The proliferation mechanism of peptides on Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis detected. • The arginine synthesis, amino sugars, and nucleotide sugars contribute to proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cowslip (Primula veris L.) is an anioxidant-rich plant used for many food and medicinal purposes. In this study, the effect of incorporating hydrogen (H 2) into water (HRW), ethanol (HRE), and methanol (HRM) on the extraction of flavonoids (TFC), phenolics (TPC), and antioxidants (metal chelation, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) as well as color (L*, a*, b*, C*, H°), chlorophyll (a, b), lycopene, and β-carotene of wild cowslip flowers was evaluated. The results were submitted to Principal Component Analysis and correlation. Phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamin C, and sugar content of the extract were analyzed using high-performance reverse phase liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD/RID). The highest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity (metal chelation, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) were shown for HRM samples, followed by HRE samples, while the lowest were found for pure solvents. Incorporating H 2 into all solvents significantly increased TPC, TFC, metal chelation, DPPH, and ABTS scavenging activity, as well as b*, C*, H°, chlorophyll, lycopene, and β-carotene values. The levels of some phenolics (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin), organic acids (tartaric acid and succinic acid), reducing sugars (maltose, glucose, and fructose), and ascorbic acid increased by 10–90 % when an H 2 -rich solvent was used instead of the pure solvent. This is the first report showing the enhanced extraction of organic acids, pigments, and ascorbic acid by hydrogen-rich solvent. The main benefits of the HRS method are its sustainability and high efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Graphical abstract [Display omitted] • H 2 -rich solvents enhanced the extraction of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants. • H 2 -rich solvents enhanced the extraction of chlorophyll, lycopene, and β-carotene. • H 2 -rich solvents enhanced the extraction of organic acids. • H 2 -rich solvents enhanced the extraction of ascorbic acid. • H 2 -rich solvents enhanced the extraction of reducing sugars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat bran (WB), a byproduct of milling, is rich in bioactive compounds with significant health benefits. This study aimed to enhance the release of phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids from WB by integrating ultrasound (UsP) and microwave (MWP) pretreatments with solid-state fermentation (SSF). UsP and MWP disrupted WB cell walls, followed by SSF with Aspergillus niger. UsP increased total phenolic content by 21.30 % on day 1 of SSF. UsP and MWP boosted the availability of bound phenolic compounds like vanillic acid and dihydroxybenzoic acid. Both pretreatments enhanced antioxidant activity compared to untreated fermented WB, with peak activity on day 5 of fermentation at 1411 ± 5.156 μM Trolox/100 g DW for UsP WB and 291.6 ± 1.092 μM Trolox/100 g DW for MWP WB. This integrated approach improved the extraction efficiency of fermentable monosaccharides, particularly glucose and xylose, offering a sustainable bioprocessing strategy for WB valorization and supporting the circular bioeconomy. [Display omitted] • Wheat bran (WB) was biovalorized for the production of phenolic compounds. • Ultrasound and microwave pretreatments increased the solid-state fermentation (SSF) efficiency. • The integrated process resulted in higher phenolic extraction and antioxidant activity. • Pretreatments increased the monosaccharides in WB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy is gaining attention around the world as a sustainable approach to tackling environmental problems, promoting more responsible management of resources. The aim of this work is the valorization of grape pomace as a waste product of agrifood chain. We prepared decoction (DC), ultrasound-assisted and microwave-assisted extracts (UAE and MAE respectively) of grape pomace, determining their phytochemical profile (using HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS), antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibitory effects. Then, the results were compared with those of raisins and several edible berries already present in the market. Grape pomace extracts presented the highest total phenolic content (62–68 mg gallic acid equivalents/g; mg GAE/g), whereas the concentrations in the other berries were 4–43 mg GAE/g. These results were in agreement with the higher antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibition observed in grape pomace compared with the other berries, except for the metal chelating activity. The main compounds in grape pomace extracts were flavonoids (particularly quercetin glycosides), followed by organic acids (citric, isocitric and gallic acids). These results open new perspectives in the development of food supplements and nutraceuticals based on grape pomace extracts. • Phytochemical characterization of grape pomace and berries extracts. • Grape pomace extracts presented the highest TPC among samples. • Grape pomace extracts show the best antioxidant activity among samples. • Grape pomace extracts exert the best inhibition on tyrosinase among samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the isolation and purification of melanin pigment from Mesona chinensis (MCM) were conducted, and the structural characterization and stability evaluation of MCM were performed. The results indicate that MCM is consistent with the spectral features of catechins and polyphenols, identified the stretching vibrations of functional groups such as O H, C H, C O, and C O. It is inferred that the structure of MCM is consistent with that of theophylline and it is mainly composed of phenolic acids, terpenoids, and organic acids. Stability evaluations indicate that MCM exhibits stability under white light, ultraviolet (UV) light, neutral, and alkaline environments, and it shows low sensitivity to reducing agents. • The structure and composition of MCM have been elucidated through food analysis. • MCM is consistent with theophylline structure. • MCM is mainly composed of phenolic acids, terpenoids and organic acids. • MCM shown good stability under white light, UV light, neutral, acnd alkalinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates that the co-inoculation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pichia fermentans and Staphylococcus saprophyticus accelerates catfish frame fish sauce fermentation. Over a 3-day period, significant changes occurred in physicochemical properties, microbial profiles, flavor compounds, and metabolomic spectra. Notable increases in acidity coupled with decreases in glucose underscored the robust environmental adaptability of the employed microorganisms. A reduction in total amino acids, alongside a rise in umami amino acids, suggested flavor enhancement. GC–MS analysis identified 40 key volatile compounds, with esters and aldehydes crucial for aroma development. UPLC-QTOF-MS-based untargeted analysis identified 934 metabolites, with 377 differential metabolites being vital (VIP > 1.5, P < 0.05), including amino acids, peptides, organic acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids. Metabolites linked to amino acid metabolism, particularly phenylalanine and arginine, were associated with fermentation duration. These findings offer a theoretical basis for optimizing flavor and quality in fish sauces from fish by-products through accelerated fermentation. • Co-inoculation with LP, PF, and SS accelerates fish sauce fermentation. • Dynamic physicochemical changes underscore microbial adaptability. • Flavor enhancement via increased umami amino acids during fermentation. • GC–MS identifies pivotal esters and aldehydes in aroma development. • UPLC-QTOF-MS reveals 934 metabolites, with 377 critical components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asparagus by-products are the promising resource that urgently need to be re-valorized. This study investigated the dynamic changes in physicochemical properties, organic acids, free amino acids, volatile flavor compounds, microbial succession, and their correlations during 7-day spontaneous fermentation of asparagus by-products. Dominant organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid) and free amino acids (Ser, Glu, and Ala) increased with fermentation time, with lactic acid reaching 7.73 ± 0.05 mg/mL and Ser increasing 56-fold after 7 days. A total of 58 volatile flavor compounds were identified using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPEM/GC–MS), with esters, alcohols and acids as the main volatile flavor compounds. Fourteen volatile flavor compounds had odor activity value >1. High-throughput sequencing showed Firmicutes and Proteobacteria as the main bacterial phyla, dominated by lactic acid bacteria (Levilactobacillus , Lactiplantibacillus , Weissella). Correlation analysis revealed that five bacterial genera (Levilactobacillus , Lactiplantibacillus , Enterobacter , Pediococcus and Acetobacter) were highly correlated with organic acids, free amino acids, and volatile flavor compounds, indicating their pivotal role in forming the characteristic flavor of fermented asparagus by-products (FAPS). This study provides new insights into the flavor and microbial profile of FAPS, offering a strategy for value-added processing and industrial production. [Display omitted] • Flavor and microbial composition were studied in fermented asparagus by-products. • Lactic acid and Ser were the main non-volatile flavor compounds. • Esters, alcohols and acids were identified as the main volatile flavor compounds. • Correlations between flavor and microbial community were revealed. • Levilactobacillus and Lactiplantibacillus were related to unique flavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 4-HBA was used as CINICAT for the ROP catalyst of CL. • The ROP of CL and other cyclic monomers using CINICAT was in a controllable manner. • 4-HBA CINICAT was shown to be entirely a part of resulting polymers. With the increasing demands on healthy and environmental issues in modern society, green chemistry and atomic economics have become the consensus of researchers and manufacturers, forcing us to explore much simpler approaches to producing widely utilized biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters. In this context, 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzoic acid (4-HBA), an organic weak acid involving carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, was selected to proceed the ROP of various cyclic monomers, such as ε -caprolactone (CL), δ -valerolactone (VL), l-lactide (LA) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC), as catalyst and initiator in the same molecule (CINICAT) to give α -carboxyl- ω -hydroxyl polymers with controlled molar mass and narrow dispersity (around 1.15). MALDI-TOF, 2D-NMR and other characterizations were applied to confirm the structure of the produced polymers, while density of functional theory simulation (DFT) calculation was carried out to study the structural influence of CINICAT on the polymerizations as well as the polymerization mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bevacizumab is an anti-angiogenic therapeutic agent that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and has been approved for the treatment of several types of cancer, including colon cancer. Herein, a GC-MS based metabolomics approach was employed to investigate the impact of bevacizumab on the serum metabolome of colon cancer rats. Multivariate chemometric analysis models such as PCA and PLS-DA showed a clear separation between the control, cancer and bevacizumab-treated groups, suggesting that bevacizumab administration induced significant metabolic alterations. Furthermore, pairwise comparisons between the studied groups using the OPLS-DA model in addition to univariate analysis identified several discriminatory metabolites belonged to various chemical classes including amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids that were perturbed between the studied groups. Interestingly, bevacizumab treatment was able to partially restore some of the cancer-induced metabolic disturbances, indicating its potential therapeutic efficacy via improving the tumor vasculature and nutrient delivery. Besides, pathway analysis of the differential metabolites identified key metabolic pathways affected by bevacizumab, which included valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and butanoate metabolism. However, little effects were observed on lipid metabolites such as palmitic acid and stearic acid and consequently their related metabolic pathways such as fatty acid biosynthesis metabolism suggesting that bevacizumab has more prominent effect on energy and amino acid metabolisms as compared to fatty acid metabolism in colon cancer rats. Overall, our study provided novel insights into the metabolic mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of bevacizumab in colon cancer rats via the use of a comprehensive GC-MS metabolomics approach. [Display omitted] • GC-MS based metabolomics reveals distinct metabolic perturbations in a colon cancer rat model. • Bevacizumab treatment partially restores serum metabolome, particularly in amino acid and energy metabolism. • Multivariate analysis identifies key metabolic pathways affected by both colon cancer and Bevacizumab treatment. • Findings suggest potential for metabolomics in monitoring therapeutic responses to anti-angiogenic therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Analysis of urine organic acids by GC–MS is widely used in clinical laboratories and increasingly, in metabolomics. • Whilst this powerful technique can detect a wide range of compounds, it is not optimised for individual analytes. • Without careful control (time/temperature) of the solvent evaporation step, hydroxycarboxylic acids can be lost. • Potential for missed diagnosis of IMDs by clinical labs, and the collection of inaccurate data during metabolic studies. Analysis of urinary organic acids (UOAs) by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC–MS) is widely used in metabolomic studies. It is a complex test with many limitations and pitfalls yet there is limited evidence in the literature to support best practice. This study investigated the impact of drying down time and temperature on the recovery of 16 key analytes from solvent extracts. Pooled urine specimens were enriched with organic acids. Urine aliquots (n = 3) were acidified and extracted into diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. Extracts were dried under nitrogen at ambient temperature (25 °C); 40 °C; 60 °C then left for 0; +5; +15 min. Dried extracts were derivatised with N,O,-bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide prior to analysis by GC–MS. Urine specimens from individuals with biotinidase deficiency, maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) and ketotic hypoglycemia were analysed to demonstrate the potential clinical impact. Recovery of shorter chain hydroxycarboxylic acids decreased significantly when extracts were dried above 25 °C (mean recovery 89 % at 60 °C, p < 0.01) or left under nitrogen post-drying (mean recovery at ambient + 15 min, 40 °C + 15mins and 60 °C + 15mins was 56 %, 12 % and 2 %, respectively, p < 0.01). Whilst dicarboxylic acids/medium chain fatty acids were unaffected by temperature (mean recovery 100 %), prolonged drying reduced recovery (mean recovery 85 % at 60 °C + 15mins, p < 0.01). Evaporation of solvent extracts with heat and/or prolonged drying under nitrogen results in significant losses of the shorter chain hydroxycarboxylic acids. The evaporation protocol must be carefully controlled to ensure accurate and reproducible results, preventing misdiagnoses and/or misinterpretation of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Asphaltene emulsifying ability is primarily due to IAA sub-fraction. • Weight fraction of IAA sub-fraction is increased in the presence of HCl. • IAA sub-fraction has higher aromaticity and contains more polar functional groups. • RA sub-fraction forms a less stable acid-induced emulsion. • Detrimental interactions of asphaltene and acid ions was hindered by emulsified acids. Acid stimulation is potentially a tangible approach to improve recovery from oil reservoirs. Nonetheless, there is a possibility of forming unwanted acid-oil emulsions with considerable stability. Among natural surfactants in the reservoir, asphaltene is known to greatly impact the stability of emulsion. It has been reported that a small portion of asphaltene, named interfacial-active asphaltene (IAA), has the primary stabilizing influence on water–oil emulsions, while the remained asphaltenes (RA) seem to have meagre impact. In this paper, two different oil-extracted asphaltene samples (named A and B) were fractionated into IAA and RA sub-fractions based on their different interfacial activity through emulsification with water, and also HCl for the first time. Then, the elemental (CHNSO) and FTIR analysis were performed to characterize their chemical composition. Next, the stability of the acid-synthetic oil emulsion was investigated by conducting bottle tests using various acid solutions such as HCl, acetic acid, and emulsified acid. The results showed that sample A had higher H/C, i.e. less aromaticity, and its total heteroatom content (O, N, and S) was 7.92 % more than sample B. Furthermore, sample B had almost 3 times greater IAA than sample A in both cases of using water and HCl for fractionation. In addition, FTIR analysis confirmed that IAA contained more heteroatoms and functional groups like sulfoxide, carboxylic acids, and nitrogen-containing aromatic rings, which can interact with acid ions, and have higher aromaticity than RA. For the HCl solution, the minimum stability of emulsions was at 10–15 wt% of HCl whereas the stability increased for acetic acid, which is a weak organic acid. It was most likely due to co-precipitation or co-adsorption of acetic acid molecules along with asphaltene molecules. Moreover, the spent HCl acid formed an emulsion with less than 10 % stability. Similar experiments with RA resulted in less stable emulsions and confirmed that the emulsifying ability of asphaltene samples originated from a small sub-fraction (IAA). Finally, various emulsified acids (HCl in diesel, kerosene, light naphtha, and xylene) have been investigated. Xylene, as an asphaltene solvent, formed the least stable acid-induced emulsion by increasing the aromaticity of the continuous phase of the emulsion. The diesel-based emulsified acid showed the most stable acid-induced emulsion because of its higher molecular weight and attractive van der Waals force with asphaltene. It can be concluded that the unwanted interactions between asphaltene in synthetic oil and acid ions can be mitigated by the utilization of a suitable emulsified acid in the acidizing process. Light naphtha cannot be a suitable alternative for diesel for preparation of effective emulsified acid because of its resultant unstable acidizing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Several deep eutectic supramolecules (DESUPs) based on cyclodextrins were prepared. • These DESUPs were used as chiral selectors for enantioseparations in CE. • The separations of model drugs were significantly improved in DESUPs systems. • The specific chiral recognition mechanism was investigated by several methods. • The increase in hydrogen bond sites was responsible for enhanced enantioselectivity. The joint use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and cyclodextrins (CDs) has been well demonstrated to have a promoting effect on chiral separation in capillary electrophoresis (CE). These studies focused on constructing synergistic separation systems by adding DESs and CDs to the buffer solution respectively. In this work, for the first time, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) were directly used as precursors to prepare several CDs-based deep eutectic supramolecules (DESUPs) by assembling with two organic acids (L-lactic acid and L-malic acid) in different ratios through a simple two-phase mixing. These CDs-based DESUPs were further employed as chiral selectors in CE to separate six racemic chiral drugs. Compared with the unmodified CDs systems, the separations of model drugs in the DESUPs separation systems were significantly improved. We calculated the binding constants of HP-β-CD with enantiomers before and after preparation as DESUPs, and investigated the chiral recognition mechanism of DESUPs chiral selectors using UV spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance method. The enhanced enantioselectivity of CDs-based DESUPs was attributed to several factors. This study has opened up a new path for the exploration of high-performance chiral materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Four 6‑hydroxy-2-naphthoate esters have been obtained. • Their crystal structures were characterized by single crystal X–ray diffraction. • The luminescence behaviors can be modulated by the substituted alkyl chain. • The emission maxima and the quantum yields are proportional to the alkyl chain length. • The sequence of the maximal peaks is consistent with that of H···H interactions. To further explore the luminescent materials, a set of 6‑hydroxyl-naphthoate derivatives have been obtained through the esterification reaction of 6‑hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid with a series of organic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n -propanol and n -butanol, respectively) in the presence of phenyl sulfonic acid. The title compounds were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis (EA), UV–vis spectra, NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1–5 are 6‑hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, methyl 6‑hydroxy-2-naphthoate, ethyl 6‑hydroxy-2-naphthooate, n -propyl 6‑hydroxy-2-naphthoate and n ‑butyl 6‑hydroxy-2-naphthoate, respectively. Compounds 1 – 5 crystallizes in the space group P 2 1 / c, Pna 2 1 , P 2 1 / n, P 2 1 / c and P -1, respectively. The C/O H···O hydrogen bonds can be observed. The luminescent emission maxima of compounds 1 – 5 can be found at 386, 393, 405, 407 and 420 nm in the solid state, respectively, indicating that the photoluminescent peaks occur the bathochromic-shift with the growth of the alkyl chain-lengths. Additionally, there exists the same order for the quantum yields. Meanwhile, the Hirshfeld surface analysis proves that the H···H interactions can be responsible for the emission maxima of these target compounds. The trend of the melting point decreases with the reduction of O···H interactions, and with the increment of the alkyl chain-lengths. The repulsion energy of the target compounds also shows the same tendency, which can be confirmed by the energy framework analysis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]