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Spinal serotonin enables neuro‐motor recovery (i.e., plasticity) in patients with debilitating paralysis. While there exists time of day fluctuations in serotonin‐dependent spinal plasticity, it is unknown, in humans, whether this is due to dynamic changes in spinal serotonin levels or downstream signaling processes. The primary objective of this study was to determine if time of day variations in spinal serotonin levels exists in humans. To assess this, intrathecal drains were placed in seven adults with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected at diurnal (05:00 to 07:00) and nocturnal (17:00 to 19:00) intervals. High performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to quantify CSF serotonin levels with comparisons being made using univariate analysis. From the 7 adult patients, 21 distinct CSF samples were collected: 9 during the diurnal interval and 12 during nocturnal. Diurnal CSF samples demonstrated an average serotonin level of 216.6 ±$ \pm $ 67.7 nM. Nocturnal CSF samples demonstrated an average serotonin level of 206.7 ±$ \pm $ 75.8 nM. There was no significant difference between diurnal and nocturnal CSF serotonin levels (p =.762). Within this small cohort of spine healthy adults, there were no differences in diurnal versus nocturnal spinal serotonin levels. These observations exclude spinal serotonin levels as the etiology for time of day fluctuations in serotonin‐dependent spinal plasticity expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The good development of the national criminal legislation and the adaptation to the European Union acquis must be understood on the basis of thorough knowledge of the crimes and the practical tendencies of their commission. Criminal approach perspective of a crime is completed through the lens of legal-criminal analysis, focused on the idea of deciphering and interpreting the objective and subjective signs described by the legislator in the criminal law. The object of study of this article is the crime of robbery criminalized in art. 188 of the Republic of Moldova, in which the author mainly investigates the capacity of the incriminating frame by reporting the factual situations that accompany the tangible element of the robbery. Being animated by the prospect of perfecting the national criminal norms to the national and international practical realities, which mark the seriousness of the criminal acts, the author founded the idea of the "night time" provision as circumstance to aggravate the criminal liability for the crime incriminated in the art. 188 CC of the Republic of Moldova.