11 results on '"Nichols K"'
Search Results
2. Comparing ab initio and quantum-kinetic approaches to electron transport in warm dense matter
- Author
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Shaffer, N. R., primary, Hu, S. X., additional, Karasiev, V. V., additional, Nichols, K. A., additional, Starrett, C. E., additional, and White, A. J., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. The effect of dysmenorrhea severity and interference on reactions to experimentally-induced pain.
- Author
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Rogers, S. K., Nichols, K. L., Ahamadeen, N., Shanahan, M. L., and Rand, K. L.
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PAIN measurement ,GOODNESS-of-fit tests ,CHRONIC pain ,SECONDARY analysis ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,ABDOMINAL pain ,PAIN threshold ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DYSMENORRHEA ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,PERSONALITY tests ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DATA analysis software ,COLIC ,REGRESSION analysis ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased risk of chronic pain and hyperalgesia. Menstruating individuals with dysmenorrhea are more likely to have elevated pain reactivity when experiencing experimental pain, than those without. However, no study has examined intragroup differences in reactions to experimentally induced pain for individuals with dysmenorrhea. The main aim of this study was to examine the relative roles of dysmenorrhea severity and interference in the experience of experimentally-induced pain. Methods: Participants were 120 menstruating individuals involved in a larger research study examining the influence of expectations on experimentallyinduced pain. As part of the study, participants completed an online questionnaire regarding demographic and menstrual information and participated in a cold pressor task. Participants were randomized into four groups based on the manipulation of two independent variables: (1) high vs. low expectations about pain severity (pain-expectations); (2) and high vs. low expectations about one's pain tolerance (self-expectations). Participants verbally rated their pain severity throughout the cold pressor task using a 0-10 scale. Regression analyses were conducted examining the relationships between dysmenorrhea experience (i.e., average severity and interference) and cold pressor data [pain severity ratings and pain tolerance (i.e., total time in the cold pressor)], controlling for the manipulated expectations and age. Then, moderation analyses were conducted examining expectation group differences. Results: When controlling for manipulated expectations and age, dysmenorrhea severity significantly predicted initial pain severity rating (p = 0.022) but did not predict final pain severity rating (p = 0.263) or pain tolerance (p = 0.120). Dysmenorrhea interference did not predict initial pain severity rating (p = 0.106), final pain severity rating (p = 0.134), or pain tolerance (p = 0.360). A moderation analysis indicated that the relationship between dysmenorrhea severity and initial pain severity rating was not moderated by painexpectations, χ²(1) = 0.412, p = 0.521. Discussion: During an experimentally-induced pain task, dysmenorrhea severity but not interference predicted initial pain severity rating, such that higher levels of dysmenorrhea severity predicted greater initial pain severity rating. This suggests individuals with more severe dysmenorrhea pain may experience greater initial sensitivity to pain and be at risk for increased sensitivity to acute pain and potentially the development of chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. A review on charged-particle transport modeling for laser direct-drive fusion.
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Hu, S. X., Nichols, K. A., Shaffer, N. R., Arnold, B., White, A. J., Collins, L. A., Karasiev, V. V., Zhang, S., Goncharov, V. N., Shah, R. C., Mihaylov, D. I., Jiang, S., and Ping, Y.
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LASER fusion , *INERTIAL confinement fusion , *PLASMA physics - Abstract
Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) with the laser-indirect-drive scheme has recently made a tremendous breakthrough recently after decades of intensive research effort. Taking this success to the next step, the ICF community is coming to a general consensus that laser direct-drive (LDD) fusion might be the viable way for enabling inertial fusion energy (IFE) and high-gain targets for other applications. Designing and understanding LDD fusion targets heavily rely on radiation-hydrodynamic code simulations, in which charged-particle transport plays an essential role in modeling laser-target energy coupling and bootstrap heating of fusion-produced α-particles. To better simulate charged-particle transport in LDD targets, over the past four decades the plasma physics community has advanced transport calculations from simple plasma physics models to sophisticated computations based on first-principles methods. In this review, we give an overview of the current status of charged-particle transport modeling for LDD fusion, including what challenges we still face and the possible paths moving forward to advance transport modeling for ICF simulations. We hope this review will provide a summary of exciting challenges to stimulate young minds to enter the field, facilitate further progress in understanding warm-dense matter physics, and ultimately bridge toward the success of reliable LDD fusion designs for IFE and other high-gain ICF applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. CO81 Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Solution 0.09% Improves the Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease in Patients Whose Disease Is Inadequately Controlled on Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion 0.05%
- Author
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Johnston, J., Adler, R., Hessen, M., Nichols, K., Pflugfelder, S., Truett, K., Urbieta, M., and Reynolds, R.
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- 2024
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6. Age-related epithelial defects limit thymic function and regeneration.
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Kousa AI, Jahn L, Zhao K, Flores AE, Acenas D 2nd, Lederer E, Argyropoulos KV, Lemarquis AL, Granadier D, Cooper K, D'Andrea M, Sheridan JM, Tsai J, Sikkema L, Lazrak A, Nichols K, Lee N, Ghale R, Malard F, Andrlova H, Velardi E, Youssef S, Burgos da Silva M, Docampo M, Sharma R, Mazutis L, Wimmer VC, Rogers KL, DeWolf S, Gipson B, Gomes ALC, Setty M, Pe'er D, Hale L, Manley NR, Gray DHD, van den Brink MRM, and Dudakov JA
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- Animals, Mice, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition immunology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Male, Thymocytes immunology, Thymocytes metabolism, Female, Single-Cell Analysis, Thymus Gland immunology, Epithelial Cells immunology, Regeneration immunology, Aging immunology, Forkhead Transcription Factors metabolism, Forkhead Transcription Factors genetics
- Abstract
The thymus is essential for establishing adaptive immunity yet undergoes age-related involution that leads to compromised immune responsiveness. The thymus is also extremely sensitive to acute insult and although capable of regeneration, this capacity declines with age for unknown reasons. We applied single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, lineage-tracing and advanced imaging to define age-related changes in nonhematopoietic stromal cells and discovered the emergence of two atypical thymic epithelial cell (TEC) states. These age-associated TECs (aaTECs) formed high-density peri-medullary epithelial clusters that were devoid of thymocytes; an accretion of nonproductive thymic tissue that worsened with age, exhibited features of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and was associated with downregulation of FOXN1. Interaction analysis revealed that the emergence of aaTECs drew tonic signals from other functional TEC populations at baseline acting as a sink for TEC growth factors. Following acute injury, aaTECs expanded substantially, further perturbing trophic regeneration pathways and correlating with defective repair of the involuted thymus. These findings therefore define a unique feature of thymic involution linked to immune aging and could have implications for developing immune-boosting therapies in older individuals., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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7. A shared decision-making intervention between health care professionals and individuals undergoing Pulmonary Rehabilitation: An iterative development process with qualitative methods.
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Barradell AC, Bekker HL, Houchen-Wolloff L, Marshall-Nichols K, Robertson N, and Singh SJ
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- Humans, Male, Female, Patient Participation, Qualitative Research, Middle Aged, Aged, Decision Making, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive rehabilitation, Health Personnel, Decision Making, Shared, Decision Support Techniques
- Abstract
Background: Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) services typically offer programmes to support individuals living with COPD make rehabilitation choices that best meet their needs, however, uptake remains low. Shared Decision-Making (SDM; e.g., Patient Decision Aids (PtDA)) interventions increase informed and values-based decision-making between individuals and healthcare professionals (HCPs). We aimed to develop an intervention to facilitate PR SDM which was acceptable to individuals living with COPD and PR HCPs., Methods: An iterative development process involving qualitative methods was adopted. Broad overarching frameworks included: complex intervention development framework, the multiple stakeholder decision making support model, and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Development included: assembling a steering group, outlining the scope for the PtDA, collating data to inform the PtDA design, prototype development, alpha testing with individuals with COPD (n = 4) and PR HCPs (n = 8), PtDA finalisation, and design and development of supporting components. This took nine months., Results: The PtDA was revised six times before providing an acceptable, comprehensible, and usable format for all stakeholders. Supporting components (decision coaching training and a consultation prompt) were necessary to upskill PR HCPs in SDM and implement the intervention into the PR pathway., Conclusions: We have developed a three-component SDM intervention (a PtDA, decision coaching training for PR healthcare professionals, and a consultation prompt) to support individuals living with COPD make informed and values-based decision about PR together with their PR healthcare professional. Clear implementation strategies are outlined which should support its integration into the PR pathway., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Barradell et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2024
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8. Effects of partial or full replacement of soybean meal with urea or coated urea on intake, performance, and plasma urea concentrations in lactating dairy cows.
- Author
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Rauch R, Nichols K, de Carvalho IPC, Daniel JB, Martín-Tereso J, and Dijkstra J
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We expected mitigation of the hypophagic effects of urea (U) with a coated urea (CU) product that aimed to partially shift urea supply to the post-ruminal gastrointestinal tract. Ruminal release and post-ruminal digestibility of CU was evaluated in vitro, followed by a randomised complete block experiment (54 Holstein-Friesian cows; 177 ± 72 days in milk). Soybean meal (SBM) was partially (PR) or fully (FR) replaced on an isonitrogenous basis by beet pulp and U or CU. Urea sources were included at 12 (U-PR, CU-PR) and 19 (U-FR, CU-FR) g/kg dietary dry matter (DM). Hypophagic effects were similar for U-PR and CU-PR (-11% vs. -7%), and for U-FR and CU-FR (-13% vs. -12%) compared with SBM (average 25.8 kg DM intake/d). Compared with SBM, U-PR and CU-PR reduced yields of milk (-8%) and protein (-12%), U-PR reduced yield of fat (-9%) and fat- and protein-corrected-milk (FPCM; -9%), and CU-PR tended to reduce FPCM yield (-5%). Compared with SBM, U-FR and CU-FR respectively reduced yields of milk (-21%, -22%), protein (-25%, -26%), fat (both -14%), lactose (-20%, -21%), and FPCM (-17%, -19%), and lowered N (-15%, -12%) and feed (-8%, trend, -9%) efficiency. Human-edible protein efficiency approximately doubled with U-PR and CU-PR and approximately tripled with U-FR and CU-FR compared with SBM. Milk composition and plasma urea concentration were similar between U and CU, except for a trend for a greater plasma urea concentration with U-PR compared with CU-PR. Dry matter intake patterns differed for CU-PR compared with U-PR and for CU-FR compared with U-FR, suggesting effects of urea release rate or location on feeding behaviour. Overall, replacing SBM with U or CU reduced DM intake and milk production and affected nutrient efficiencies. Coated urea influenced DM intake pattern but did not affect total DM intake or milk production compared with U., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)
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- 2024
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9. Effects of Δ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol and the Aminoalkylindole K2/Spice Constituent JWH-073 on Cardiac Tissue and Mesenteric Vascular Reactivity.
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Breivogel CS, Brenseke BM, Eldeeb K, Nichols K, Jonas A, Mistry AH, Barbalato L, Luibil N, Howlett AC, Leone-Kabler S, Hilgers RPH, and Pulgar VM
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- Animals, Male, Mice, Cell Line, Heart drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Cannabinoids pharmacology, Mesenteric Arteries drug effects, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 metabolism, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 agonists, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists pharmacology, Myocytes, Cardiac drug effects, Dronabinol pharmacology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Indoles pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: Although use of Cannabis sativa is not associated with serious adverse effects, recreational use of aminoalkylindole (AAI) cannabinoid receptor agonists found in K2/Spice herbal blends has been reported to cause adverse cardiovascular events, including angina, arrhythmia, changes in blood pressure, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction. Δ
9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) is the primary CB1 agonist found in cannabis and JWH-073 is one of the AAI CB1 agonists found in K2/Spice brands sold to the public. Methods: This study used in vitro , in vivo , and ex vivo approaches to investigate potential differences on cardiac tissue and vascular effects betweenJWH-073 and Δ9 -THC. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with JWH-073 or Δ9 -THC and cardiac injury was assessed by histology. Effects of JWH-073 and Δ9 -THC on H9C2 cell viability and ex vivo mesenteric vascular reactivity were also determined. Results: JWH-073 or Δ9 -THC induced typical cannabinoid effects of antinociception and hypothermia but did not promote death of cardiac myocytes. No differences in cell viability were observed in cultured H9C2 cardiac myocytes after 24 h of treatment. In isolated mesenteric arteries from drug-naive animals, JWH-073 produced significantly greater maximal relaxation (96%±2% vs. 73%±5%, p <0.05) and significantly greater inhibition of phenylephrine-mediated maximal contraction (Control 174%±11%KMAX ) compared with Δ9 -THC (50%±17% vs. 119%±16%KMAX , p <0.05). Discussion: These findings suggest that neither cannabinoid at the concentrations/dose studied caused cardiac cell death, but JWH-073 has the potential for greater vascular adverse events than Δ9 -THC through an increased vasodilatory effect.- Published
- 2024
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10. In situ habitat clearance rates and particle size preference of indigenous Olympia oysters (Ostrea lurida) and non-native Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas) in North American Pacific coast estuaries.
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Marks AN, Gray MW, Nichols K, and Zacherl DC
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- Animals, Estuaries, Particle Size, Ecosystem, North America, Ostrea, Crassostrea, Gold Alloys
- Abstract
The Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, is the target of many restoration projects along estuaries on the North American Pacific coast, while the non-native Pacific oyster, Magallana gigas, dominates oyster aquaculture globally. Both species provide filtration functions that were investigated in three California bays using a whole-habitat, in situ approach, a laboratory particle selection experiment, and a regional physiological comparison. Measurements of chlorophyll α, temperature, salinity, and turbidity upstream and downstream, as well as point samples of seston total particulate matter and organic content to estimate habitat clearance rates (HCR, L hr
-1 m-2 ) were collected. From February 2018 to June 2019, twenty-two trials were conducted across four sites. HCRs were highly variable within and among sites, ranging from site averages of -464 to 166 L hr-1 m-2 , and not significantly different among sites, indicating field filtration performance of O. lurida habitat and M. gigas aquaculture is similar. Using a random forest regression, site was the most important predictor of HCR, with a variable importance score of 25.7 % (SD = 4.6 %). O. lurida and M. gigas had significantly different particle size selection preferences, likely affecting the quality of their filtration. This study's findings suggest that restoring O. lurida habitat may provide similar filtration benefits as M. gigas aquaculture, but the unique hydrodynamics and food quality of individual bays, as well as regional differences in filter feeder communities, must be considered in managing oyster habitat for filtration functions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Althea Marks reports financial support was provided by the California Sea Grant. Althea Marks reports financial support was provided by the National Geographic Society. Althea Marks reports travel was provided by the National Shellfisheries Association. Danielle Zacherl reports financial support was provided by the California State Coastal Conservancy. Danielle Zacherl reports financial support was provided by the Honda Marine Science Foundation. Althea Marks reports travel was provided by the Pacific Shellfish Grower Association., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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11. Human Soluble Prorenin Receptor Expressed in Adipose Tissue Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Endothelial Function in Obese Female Mice.
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Arthur G, Ahmed N, Nichols K, Poupeau A, Collins K, Lindner V, and Loria A
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Increased circulating levels of the soluble prorenin receptor (sPRR), a component of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), plays a role in obesity, glucose, and insulin homeostasis. However, elevated plasma sPRR in diabetic patients has been shown correlated with hyperglycemia in women but not men. Hence, the current study sought to understand the contribution of human sPRR (HsPRR) produced in the adipose tissue (Adi) on adipogenesis, and glucose and insulin balance in obesity settings. Adi-HsPRR mice were generated by breeding human sPRR-Myc-tag transgenic mice with mice expressing Adiponectin/Cre. The mouse model was validated by detecting 28kDa myc-tagged HsPRR by western blotting. Adipose HsPRR expression did not change circulating sPRR in female mice fed a standard chow diet or high fat diet (HFD) but increased plasma sPRR in male Adi-HsPRR mice fed a HFD compared to HFD-fed controls. Yet, Adi-HsPRR improved insulin sensitivity, vascular relaxation and the vasodilator agent Ang 1-7 in obese female mice but not in the male counterparts. Moreover, Adi-HsPRR expression reduced the expression of the adipogenic genes SREBP1C and CD36 only in gonadal white adipose from obese female mice, signifying that adipose tissue-derived HsPRR exerts a sex-specific effect on insulin sensitivity and endothelial function which seems independent of circulating sPRR.
- Published
- 2024
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