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Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly diagnosed in school-age children. However, it can affect individuals of all age groups. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence of ADHD in adults by conducting an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Objectives: To provide a comprehensive synthesis of published evidence on the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults through an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, with the aim of highlighting the significance of addressing and managing ADHD in the adult population. Methods: To conduct this study, we adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). We systematically searched databases such as PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to identify relevant studies. Our review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023389704). The quality of the studies included in our analysis was assessed using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). For the purpose of conducting a meta-analysis, we employed a random-effects model. Results: Our umbrella review examined findings from five systematic reviews that encompassed data from 57 unique international primary studies undertaken between 2009 and 2021. These studies involved a total of 21,142,129 adult participants. The meta-analysis, employing an inverse variance-weighted random effect model, yielded a pooled prevalence estimate for ADHD in adults of 3.10% (95% confidence interval: 2.60%–3.60%). Regarding ADHD subtypes, our analysis revealed that ADHD-I (inattentive type) remained the most prevalent among adults, followed by ADHD-HI (hyperactive type) and ADHD-C (combined type). Conclusions: Our results underscore the relatively high prevalence of ADHD among adults, with ADHD-I emerging as the most common subtype. These findings emphasize the need for proactive measures to prevent, mitigate, identify, and effectively manage ADHD in the adult population. Disclosure of Interest: None Declared [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To predict body height using hand length and hand breadth in pharmacy and nursing students at Misrake Ghion College, Northeast Ethiopia., Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted from October 15 to January 20, 2021. The study was carried out on 316 students (160 males and 156 females). The study participants were from the Amhara ethnic groups, with the age range of 18 to 25 years. Body height, hand length, and hand breath were measured and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The strength of association was evaluated using correlation analysis. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. A paired sample t test was performed. Regression equations were derived using simple and multiple linear regression analysis., Results: Hand length and hand breadth had a positive significant correlation with body height in both male and females. In both males and females, left hand length had a strong significant correlation (males r = 0.768, females r = 0.670), followed by right hand length (males r = 0.711, females r = 0.626). Regarding hand length, right hand breadth (males r = 0.671, female r = 0.438) and left hand length (males r = 0.504, females r = 0.525). There was a significant bilateral difference in hand length and hand breadth on its right and left sides ( p < 0.05). Simple and multiple regression equations were formulated for each sex., Conclusion: In both males and females, body height can be estimated from hand length and breadth using simple or multiple regression equations., Competing Interests: The author declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article., (© 2024 The Author(s).)