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The current study sought to examine attachment styles as mediators between intimate partner violence (IPV) and stress coping styles among Iranian women. Data were collected from September to December 2020. The study population was composed of 102 women who were referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan and affected by domestic violence. They were given self-report questionnaires to measure IPV (the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire), Stress Coping Styles (CISS), and Attachment Styles (AAQ). Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Sexual IPV victimization was related to both avoidant attachment (β =.229, p =.015) and anxious attachment (β =.245, p =.008). Anxious attachment style was related to emotion-oriented coping (β =.437, p =.000). There was a negative relationship between avoidant attachment and anxious attachment (β = −.237, p =.032) with avoidance-oriented coping. Sexual IPV victimization and economic IPV victimization were associated with avoidance-oriented coping (β = −.225, t = 0.816, p =.015; β =.188, t = 0.816, p =.044). Women who had experienced IPV and had an insecure attachment style were more likely to utilize avoidance and emotional coping strategies. For women who had a secure attachment style, there was no association was found between IPV victimization and coping styles. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and coping strategies in Iranian women who have experienced violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Population-level mammography screening for early detection of breast cancer is a secondary prevention measure well-embedded in developed countries, and the implications for women's health are widely researched. From a public health perspective, efforts have focused on why mammography screening rates remain below the 70% screening rate required for effective population-level screening. From a sociological perspective, debates centre on whether 'informed choice' regarding screening exists for all women and the overemphasis on screening benefits, at the cost of not highlighting the potential harms. We dovetail these disciplinary agendas to contextualise the factors that impact mammography screening choices, interpreting screening status through a social class lens. Objective: To understand how social class impacts informed choice-making among midlife women (45–64 years), regarding (non) participation in mammography screening. Design: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Methods: We interviewed 36 Australian midlife women from differing social class groups who were 'screeners' or 'non-screeners'. We conducted a theory-informed thematic analysis and used Bourdieu's relational social class theory to consider how women's access to social, cultural and economic capital influenced their screening identities. We conducted matrix and crosstab queries across themes to identify patterns by social class. We extend the findings from Friedman's study of women's screening perspectives as 'attentional' types utilising the 'sociology of attention'. Results: Our results map to Friedman's four 'attentional' types (default or conscious interventionists, conflicted or conscious sceptics), and we show how social class impacts women's attention to screening and participation. We show for middle-class women screening is a 'given', they align closely with normative screening expectations. Working-class women who screen, do so out of a sense of compliance. Affluent non-screeners make informed choices, while working-class women are more passive in their non-screening choices, being a group that sits outside of Friedman's four attentional types. Conclusion: Current approaches to screening communication and programme delivery can be improved by tailoring approaches to reflect the impacts of social class in shaping women's 'choices'. Subsequently, equitable breast cancer prevention may be afforded, which impacts positively on population-level screening rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The shaping of the human intestinal microbiota starts during the intrauterine period and continues through the subsequent stages of extrauterine life. The microbiota plays a significant role in the predisposition and development of immune diseases, as well as various inflammatory processes. Importantly, the proper colonization of the fetal digestive system is influenced by maternal microbiota, the method of pregnancy completion and the further formation of the microbiota. In the subsequent stages of a child's life, breastfeeding, diet and the use of antibiotics influence the state of eubiosis, which determines proper growth and development from the neonatal period to adulthood. The literature data suggest that there is evidence to confirm that the intestinal microbiota of the infant plays an important role in regulating the immune response associated with the development of allergic diseases. However, the identification of specific bacterial species in relation to specific types of reactions in allergic diseases is the basic problem. Background: The main aim of the review was to demonstrate the influence of the microbiota of the mother, fetus and newborn on the functioning of the immune system in the context of allergies and asthma. Methods: We reviewed and thoroughly analyzed the content of over 1000 articles and abstracts between the beginning of June and the end of August 2024. Over 150 articles were selected for the detailed study. Results: The selection was based on the PubMed National Library of Medicine search engine, using selected keywords: "the impact of intestinal microbiota on the development of immune diseases and asthma", "intestinal microbiota and allergic diseases", "the impact of intrauterine microbiota on the development of asthma", "intrauterine microbiota and immune diseases", "intrauterine microbiota and atopic dermatitis", "intrauterine microbiota and food allergies", "maternal microbiota", "fetal microbiota" and "neonatal microbiota". The above relationships constituted the main criteria for including articles in the analysis. Conclusions: In the present review, we showed a relationship between the proper maternal microbiota and the normal functioning of the fetal and neonatal immune system. The state of eubiosis with an adequate amount and diversity of microbiota is essential in preventing the development of immune and allergic diseases. The way the microbiota is shaped, resulting from the health-promoting behavior of pregnant women, the rational conduct of the medical staff and the proper performance of the diagnostic and therapeutic process, is necessary to maintain the health of the mother and the child. Therefore, an appropriate lifestyle, rational antibiotic therapy as well as the way of completing the pregnancy are indispensable in the prevention of the above conditions. At the same time, considering the intestinal microbiota of the newborn in relation to the genera and phyla of bacteria that have a potentially protective effect, it is worth noting that the use of suitable probiotics and prebiotics seems to contribute to the protective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for developing and maintaining good habits for mental health and well-being. This is crucial for future mental health; as most mental health problems emerge during adolescence. Mental health literacy forms the foundation for preventing mental health issues, reducing stigma, and enhancing the effectiveness of help-seeking, particularly among adolescents. Objective: This study aims to measure the effect of social media-based educational intervention on mental health literacy among male high school students in Ramhormoz city. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the effectiveness of a social media-based intervention, designed around the core components of The Guide training package. The study involves all high schools in Ramhormoz city using a stratified random sampling method. A total of 204 students are expected to participate. Measures of mental health literacy and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help are evaluated at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), 3 months, and 6 months after the intervention. Results: We anticipate a significant improvement in the mental health literacy score of the intervention group compared to the control group at post-intervention and both follow-ups. Additionally, we expect a substantial enhancement in the attitude towards seeking professional psychological help score for the intervention group compared to the control group at post-intervention and 6-month follow-up, though not at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study will contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness of social media-based interventions in enhancing mental health literacy and attitudes towards seeking professional help among high school students. The results will guide future initiatives in mental health education and promotion. Clinical trials: This study protocol is registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the registration number IRCT20230603058372N1, dated June 5, 2023. The study adheres to the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) guidelines, as outlined in Supplementary File S1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental problems caused by plastic pollution have increased at an astonishing speed. However, attempts to study the dynamics of plastic-reducing behaviours are few and far between. In this regard, based on the attitudinal-contextual-behavioural (ABC) theory of pro-environmental behaviours, this study conducts an online survey to analyse the functioning of media exposure on Chinese consumers' three types of plastic bag reducing behaviours during shopping, including saving inner plastic packaging bags by putting many goods into one bag, hand-carrying and bringing reusable bags. Employing the snowball sampling method, this study successfully collected 361 valid questionnaires for analysis. The findings of this study indicate that environmental concern and locus of control play mediating roles between media exposure and plastic-reducing behaviours. However, the study finds no supporting evidence for the mediating function of plastic pollution knowledge. These results have implications for plastic crisis managers and governmental officials. In designing media content for environmental education campaigns, it is advisable to prioritize strategies that evoke emotions over a sole focus on disseminating knowledge about plastic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic waste management is challenging in low-middle income countries. Environmental impacts and high management costs affect the sustainable development of cities, an issue that is exacerbated by the lack of social involvement. The research conducted in Iran aims to assess the benefits of organic waste home composting in Shiraz to improve solid waste management (SWM) sustainability. The introduction of a pilot project to assess home composting systems was described, together with an economic, social and environmental analysis. The current SWM system (S0) has been compared with the new strategy proposed (S1), where home composting is considered to be introduced to collect about 10% of the municipal solid waste generated in a 10-year horizon. An economic balance related to the capital costs and operational costs of both systems was introduced, in parallel with a life cycle assessment (LCA) of the SWM system, and a questionnaire survey of the local population. Results showed that S1 leads to around 5% economic savings for the municipality due to the avoidance of organic waste transportation and disposal. Environmental benefits include a lowering of CO2-Eq emissions of about 19,076 tonnes year−1. In addition, about 28% of the interviewed (n = 319) agreed to employ the home composting system at home (CI 5.5%, 95% of confidence level) supporting the theory that about 10% of the organic waste can be segregated and home-composted. The research underlines that home composting can contribute to improve the sustainability of SWM systems in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-management is the intrinsically controlled ability of an active, responsible, informed and autonomous individual to live with the medical, role and emotional consequences of his chronic conditions in partnership with his social network and the healthcare providers. This study evaluated the self-management behaviours of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and assess the association between health beliefs and self-management behaviours., Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 269 rheumatoid arthritis patients' self-management behaviours using the Self-Care Behaviours Scale with a score of 0-4 for each item and a total score of 0-100 points, and health beliefs using the Arthritis Health Belief Inventory with a score of 1-5 for each item and a total score of 0-165 points. Structural equation modelling with maximum likelihood method was used to explore the mediating effect of health beliefs., Results: The patients' mean score for self-management behaviours was at the intermediate level (2.49 ± 0.60). Sex, marital status, per capita monthly income, payment of medical expenses, social status, disease staging, duration of morning stiffness, joint pain score, treatment, receiving health education, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cue to action and health motivation were significant predictors of the average score of self-management behaviour of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action and health motivation directly affected self-management behaviours; perceived severity influenced self-management behaviours through the mediating effect of cues to action; and health motivation affected self-management behaviours through the chain mediating effect of perceived benefits and cues to action., Conclusion: Self-management behaviour of rheumatoid arthritis patients was at a moderate level, and health beliefs can effectively explain the differences in self-management behaviour scores. Health providers should pay attention to patients with different sociodemographic characteristics and disease-related characteristics, evaluate their health belief level, and develop targeted intervention measures to further improve patients' self-management behaviour level and improve their disease prognosis., (© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Introduction: Hemodialysis patients' adherence to hemodialysis sessions, medication, diet and, fluid restriction is an essential condition to ensure effective treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the overall adherence of hemodialysis patients in the Marrakech-Safi region of Morocco., Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study of hemodialysis patients at the Safi, Youssoufia and Ibn Tofail public hemodialysis centers was conducted in the last trimester of 2023 using a questionnaire (ESRD-AQ), which was completed by analyzing patient records and interviewing patients during the hemodialysis session., Results: A total of 199 patients were included in this study. Women accounted for 53.3% of patients, 73.9% were under 65 years, 55.8% had been on hemodialysis for more than 5 years, and 62.8% had an Inter-dialytic-weight (IDW) ≥ 2.5 kg. Mean scores for adherence to hemodialysis, medication, diet and fluid restriction were 534.92 ± 98.71 out of 600, 113.32 ± 50.86 out of 200, 75.38 ± 42.00 out of 200 and 52.51 ± 53.59 out of 200, respectively. Regarding overall adherence, 24.1% had low adherence, 63.8% had moderate adherence, and 12.1% had good adherence, with a mean score of 793.99 ± 151.28 out of 1200. Our results showed that male gender (p = 0.010, ORa = 5.61), young age (p = 0.004, ORa = 8.48), and short duration on hemodialysis (p = 0.001, ORa = 23.91) were risk factors for low overall adherence., Conclusion: Our results justify the increased need for educational programs aimed at improving the overall adherence of hemodialysis patients., (© 2024 International Society for Apheresis and Japanese Society for Apheresis.)