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The present study aimed to formulate and characterize an intranasal mucoadhesive gel of loratadine to enhance its bioavailability. Loratadine, an antihistamine, is commonly used for the treatment of allergic conditions, but its low bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism can limit its effectiveness. To address this issue, an in situ gel formulation was developed using Poloxamer 407 and Carbopol 934 as excipients. The gel's physicochemical properties, including pH, drug content, viscosity, gel strength, gelation temperature, and drug release profile, were evaluated. FT-IR analysis revealed no significant chemical interaction between the drug and excipients, confirming the stability of the formulation. The gel exhibited shear-thinning behavior and gelation temperatures suitable for nasal administration. In vitro drug release studies showed a sustained release profile, with higher Carbopol concentrations resulting in slower drug release. The mucoadhesion time increased with Carbopol 934 concentration, ensuring prolonged retention at the nasal site. Stability studies demonstrated that the formulations remained stable under standard storage conditions. The results suggest that the loratadine-loaded mucoadhesive gel has the potential to improve the bioavailability of loratadine through intranasal delivery, offering a promising alternative to conventional oral dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary, nasal, and nose-to-brain diseases involve clinical approaches, such as bronchodilators, inhaled steroids, oxygen therapy, antibiotics, antihistamines, nasal steroids, decongestants, intranasal drug delivery, neurostimulation, and surgery to treat patients. However, systemic medicines have serious adverse effects, necessitating the development of inhaled formulations that allow precise drug delivery to the airways with minimum systemic drug exposure. Particle size, surface charge, biocompatibility, drug capacity, and mucoadhesive are unique chemical and physical features that must be considered for pulmonary and nasal delivery routes due to anatomical and permeability considerations. The traditional management of numerous chronic diseases has a variety of drawbacks. As a result, targeted medicine delivery systems that employ nanotechnology enhancer drug efficiency and optimize the overall outcome are created. The pulmonary route is one of the most essential targeted drug delivery systems because it allows the administering of drugs locally and systemically to the lungs, nasal cavity, and brain. Furthermore, the lungs' beneficial characteristics, such as their ability to inhibit first-pass metabolism and their thin epithelial layer, help treat several health complications. The potential to serve as noninvasive self-administration delivery sites of the lung and nasal routes is discussed in this script. New methods for treating respiratory and some systemic diseases with inhalation have been explored and highlight particular attention to using specialized nanocarriers for delivering various drugs via the nasal and pulmonary pathways. The design and development of inhaled nanomedicine for pulmonary, nasal, and respiratory medicine applications is a potential approach for clinical translation., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)