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One of the keys to understanding the process of industrialisation and modernisation in Spain is to know the relationship between vocational education and training (VET) and the curricular changes. Since the mid-nineteenth century, the Basque Country has undergone a singular process in the development of VET such that it has become a model of reference. Explaining the creation of this process is complex, but the fact is that companies, factories, local and regional institutions opted for professional training institutions to establish a network of schools of arts and trades that adapted to economic, social and educational needs. The creation of different types of schools – generally in industrialised towns – was thus made possible. Based on the use of primary sources, this article seeks to explain this process in order to analyse the policies designed to promote vocational training through a curriculum oriented towards job placement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is a hallmark of leukemia. The hypomethylating agent decitabine covalently binds, and degrades DNA (cytosine‐5)‐methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Structural similarities within DNA‐binding domains of DNMT1, and the leukemic driver histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) suggest that decitabine might also affect the latter. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, and xenograft models, we observed increased DNMT1, and KMT2A expression in response to decitabine‐induced demethylation. Strikingly, KMT2A protein expression was diminished in all cell lines that experienced DNMT1 degradation. Moreover, only cells with reduced KMT2A protein levels showed biological effects following decitabine treatment. KMT2A wild‐type, and rearranged cells were locked in G2 and G1 cell cycle phases, respectively, likely due to p27/p16 activation. Primary sample gene expression profiling confirmed different patterns between KMT2A wild‐type, and translocated cells. This newly discovered decitabine mode of action via KMT2A degradation evokes anti‐leukemic activity in adult ALL cells, and can act synergistically with menin inhibition. Following the successful clinical implementation of decitabine for acute myeloid leukemia, the drug should be considered a potential promising addition to the therapeutic portfolio for ALL as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]