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The article presents a case study of a 62-year-old woman with a background of type 2 diabetes and IgG4-related disease who presented with recurring hemoptysis persisting for 3 months. Topics include the patient's diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) and the discovery of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) secondary to PM, the treatment approach including embolization of the pseudoaneurysm and antifungal therapy, and the successful resolution of hemoptysis after treatment.

Background: Compared with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients, non-HIV patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) have more rapid onset, more rapid progression, and higher mortality., Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of variables obtained upon hospital admission for in-hospital death and 90-day outcomes in non-HIV-PCP patients with respiratory failure (RF)., Methods: This was a single center retrospective study in a tertiary care institution over 15 years. It included all adults inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory confirmed non-HIV-PCP with RF who were discharged or died from Peking University First Hospital between April 1st, 2007 and November 1st, 2022. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, imaging and outcome data were collected from patient records., Results: In this study, a total of 146 non-HIV-PCP patients with RF were included. There were 57 patients (39%) died during hospitalization, 44 patients (53%) died in Intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 137 patients completed 90 days of follow-up, of which 58 (42.3%) died. The multivariable regression analysis revealed that a CD8 + T cell count <115/μl ( P =0.009), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)-neutrophil percentage ≥50% ( P =0.047), the time from corticosteroids withdrawal to symptom onset ≤5 days ( P =0.012), and the time from visit to initiation of sulfonamides ≥2 days ( P =0.011) were independent risk factors for in-hospital death. Furthermore, a CD8 + T cell count < 115/μl ( P =0.001) and the time from visit to initiation of sulfonamides therapy ≥2 days ( P =0.033) was independently associated with 90-day all-cause death., Conclusions: A low CD8 + T cell count in peripheral blood, a high percentage of BALF-neutrophils, a short time from corticosteroids withdrawal to symptom onset, and a long time from visit to initiation of sulfonamides are associated with poor prognosis in non-HIV-PCP patients with RF., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Mu, Li and Liu.)