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Abstract: Five experiments tested the idea that instructing a witness to close their eyes during retrieval might increase retrieval success. In Experiment 1 participants watched a video, before a cued-recall test for which they were either instructed to close their eyes, or received no-instructions. Eye-closure led to an increase in correct cued-recall, with no increase in incorrect responses. Experiments 2–5 sought to test the generality of this effect over variations in study material (video or live interaction), test format (cued- or free-recall) and information modality (visual or auditory details recalled). Overall, eye-closure increased recall of both visual detail and auditory details, with no accompanying increase in recall of false details. Collectively, these data convincingly demonstrate the benefits of eye-closure as an aid to retrieval, and offer insight into why hypnosis, which usually involves eye-closure, may facilitate eyewitness recall.

Apprenticeships in the construction industry are a valuable way to bring fresh talent and ideas into the sector, but their numbers have been declining since the COVID-19 pandemic. Apprenticeships provide equitable opportunities for individuals who may face challenges in securing employment and help diversify the construction workforce. They also equip individuals with practical knowledge and industry-specific skills, allowing them to contribute meaningfully from day one. However, despite the benefits, the construction industry has yet to exceed its apprenticeship numbers from 2018/19. It is crucial to prioritize high-quality apprenticeships, address regional disparities in uptake, and view apprenticeships as the cornerstone of a thriving construction sector. [Extracted from the article]