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Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly disease of global concern. The previous work studies the geometric optimization, vibrational analysis, TDDFT, and electronic properties of the TB pathogen drug isoniazid (ISO). This communication will discuss the changes in geometry, electronic properties, and shielding parameters of ISO‐absorbed carbon nanotube (CNT) (CNT‐ISO, C56H16). This study has used the DFT/B3LYP/6–311G (d, p) method for the first time to report ISO's electronic structure and interaction parameters on the CNT surface. The same level theory is used to discuss the thermodynamic stability of CNT‐ISO. The calculated UV spectra of CNT are compared with UV spectra of CNT‐ISO by using the same level theory in a water solvent, which provides a better comprehension of CNT as a drug delivery system after absorption of the ISO in the human body. The nature and strength of interactions have been discussed with the help of NBO and AIM analysis, and the frontier orbital highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO‐LUMO) gap, chemical softness, and chemical hardness have been calculated to understand its complete chemical properties. The characters of the frontier molecular orbitals are discussed and analyzed by comparing the DOS spectra of CNT with CNT‐ISO. It has also examined the scan plot of interaction with time using ab‐initio dynamics simulation (ADMP) calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unusual clinical course. Background: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma represent approximately 10% to 20% of all pediatric central nervous system tumors. Classic brain stem symptoms are cranial nerve deficits, long tract signs, ataxia, alone or in combination. Focal radiotherapy has been the standard of care in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas with minimum response. Here, we present an unusual case with excellent tumor regression with radiotherapy and good clinical outcome. Case Report: A 13-year-old girl presented with headache and imbalance during walking for the past 2-3 months, along with a deviation of the right eye in the last month. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a well-defined solid cystic altered-signal-intensity lesion involving the pons and medulla, causing its expansion up to the midbrain on the left side. The lesion was 4.6×3.7×3.6 cm. We applied the intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique (IMRT) using a 6-MV photon beam with the conventional dose fractionation of 54 Gy in 30 fractions (1.8 Gy/fraction). Three months later, MRI brain with spectroscopy and perfusion showed evidence of non-enhancing, altered-signal-intensity lesion in the pons and medulla, measuring 1.9×2.2×2.4 cm. Conclusions: Early detection of symptoms of DIPG in a young patient along with effective radiological investigation with valid tumor board decision as definitive radiotherapy as a sole therapeutic treatment option and with robust radiotherapy planning resulted in an excellent response, with 80% reduction in gross tumor volume (GTV) as seen in pre-radiotherapy (RT) and post-RT MRI images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of non-Planckian radiation source is investigated in pure and 2% silicon doped polystyrene ablator foils by using radiation hydrodynamic simulations, covered over a broad range of drive parameters namely, its strength and hard or M-band x-ray contribution α (ratio of externally imposed Gaussian to original Planck energy density). The spatiotemporal dynamics of shock propagation indicates a large change in rear surface conditions, measured in terms of density and material temperature evolution with the increasing values of α and doping. Different scaling relations, motivated by the generalization of stationary x-ray driven ablation and strong shock theory, are proposed for different variables of interest that suggest a sharp and slow rise with strength and α of incident source, respectively. Just a 2% of silicon doping is able to increase the shock speed by ∼ 9 % and, to reduce the shock breakout and the maximum preheating temperature by ∼ 40 % and ∼ 50 % , respectively for extreme drive conditions. A thorough understanding of the results is important in interpreting the present inertial confinement fusion experiments and proposing the next generation polystyrene based implosion designs for National Ignition Facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, the concept of one-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelets was introduced by the authors. Building upon this research, the present article extends the study to two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelets. It defines and verifies the two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelet expansion for a functions of two variables. The paper proposes a novel algorithm utilizing the two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelet method to address computation problems in approximation theory. To demonstrate the validity and applicability of the results, the methods are illustrated through an example and compared with well-known Chebyshev wavelet methods. The research includes error analysis and convergence analysis for signals f belonging to the Lip(α,β)Ω2 (R), where Ω² is a finite connected domain in R², classes using these wavelets. Furthermore, the paper estimates the error of approximation for a functions in the Lipschitz class using orthogonal projection operators of the two-dimensional pseudo Chebyshev wavelets. These findings represent significant advancements in wavelet analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil erosion is one of the major environmental concerns, causing a reduction in soil carbon stock and soil fertility. It is generally difficult to estimate soil erosion in hilly terrains. To overcome this, different types of erodibility indices are developed and used to describe the intensity of soil erosion. The present study was conducted in Nagaland state of northeast India, where clay ratio (CR), modified clay ratio (MCR), critical level of organic matter (CLOM) and erodibility factor (K) were used to assess the severity of soil erosion under different land uses. To study these, soil samples from forest, jhum, fallow jhum and tea gardens were collected from 0 to 30 cm soil depth. The results showed that sand and clay content were significantly different under different land uses, while soil organic carbon (SOC) and stocks followed the same trend, with maximum and minimum values under tea (60.55 t C ha–1 ) and jhum lands (40.74 t C ha–1 ) respectively. Among the different erodibility indices, only CR and MCR values were found to be significantly different from each other. Higher values of CR and MCR under jhum and fallow jhum lands indicate that these land uses are more prone to erosion. The present study provides a picture of severity of soil erosion under different land uses in Nagaland and recommends that CR and MCR can be used to evaluate soil erosion in hilly terrain areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shifting cultivation will face increasing pressure from erosion‐related land degradation caused by rising cultivation intensities and climate change. However, empirical knowledge about future trends of soil erosion and thus land degradation in shifting cultivation systems is limited. We use the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to first explore the combined effects of climate change and agricultural intensification on soil erosion of uphill shifting cultivation systems, using six surveyed soil profiles. We assess interactions between climate change, the length of the fallow period, and slope inclinations for a near (2021–2050) and far (2071–2100) future period, considering three climate scenarios, five climate models, fallow periods between one and 20 years, and slopes between five and 70% steepness. Our results show a significant nonlinear relationship between global warming and erosion. Until the end of the century, erosion is estimated to increase by a factor of 1.2, 2.2, and 3.1 under the SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios, respectively, compared with the historical baseline (1985–2014). Combined effects from climate change, fallow length, and slope inclination indicate that steep slopes require longer fallow periods, with an increase of slope from 5% to 10% multiplying the required fallow length by a mean factor of 2.5, and that fallow periods will need to be extended under higher global warming if erosion rates are to remain at current levels. These findings are novel as they link climate change effects on shifting cultivation systems to different slopes and fallow regimes, making an important contribution to understanding future erosion dynamics of traditional smallholder production systems in mountainous terrain, with relevant implications for policies on agricultural intensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This technique refers to a novel yet simple technique with sequential enlisting of steps which can be replicated in the operation theaters of Interventional Radiology when dealing with treatment of cases with acute deep venous thrombosis involving the iliofemoral venous vasculature. The endpoints mentioned herein may be targeted for thrombus clearance mainly eyeing and achieving prospective improvement in the patency rate of involved venous vasculature and probable reduction of disease severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]