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A silylated melamine sponge (SMS) was prepared by two simple steps, namely, immersion and dehydration of a melamine sponge coated with methyltrichlorosilane. The silylated structure of SMS was characterized by FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) and in terms of water contact angles. Its oil-water absorption and separation capacities were measured by FT-IR and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The experimental results have shown that oligomeric silanol covalently bonds by Si-N onto the surface of melamine sponge skeletons. SMS has shown superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle exceeding 150° ± 1°, a better separation efficiency with regard to diesel oil (by 99.31% (wt/wt%) in oil-water mixture and even up to 99.99% (wt/wt%) for diesel oil in its saturated aqueous solution. Moreover, SMS inherited the intrinsic flame retardancy of the melamine sponge. In general, SMS has shown superhydrophobicity, high porosity, excellent selectivity, remarkable recyclability, and better absorption capacity for various oils and organic solvents, and a high separation efficiency for oil in saturated aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recovering fluorine from wet-process phosphoric acid (WPA) by the evaporation concentration method has been widely used due to its simplicity and cheapness. However, the low fluorine recovery reduces the WPA quality, which in turn has detrimental effects on fertilizer production and leads to a waste of valuable fluorine resources. In this work, a cost-effective organic liquid, methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), was first employed as the gasification reagent in the WPA concentration process to promote fluorine recovery. The effects of several important parameters including MTS dosage, initial mass of absorptive water, addition stages, stirring speed, and concentration temperature, were investigated. The first three factors emerged as pivotal determinants of the fluorine recovery and the results revealed a remarkable 87.94% recovery of fluorine from WPA, signifying a substantial enhancement compared to the recovery achieved in the absence of MTS, which amounted to 40.36%. The defluorination kinetics data was well-fitted with a second-order model, and showed an activation energy of 23.77 kJ/mol, highlighting the strong interaction between MTS and fluorine in WPA. In addition, liquid MTS could recover fluorine selectively and efficiently without compromising the quality of WPA and exhibited superior fluorine recovery when compared to traditional solid mineral reagents such as diatomite and white carbon black. Further analysis revealed the governing mechanism for fluorine recovery that the addition of MTS prevented the conversion of liquid HF and H 2 SiF 6 to solid Na 2 SiF 6 and K 2 SiF 6 , favoring SiF 4 gas production. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for enhancing fluorine recovery during the WPA concentration process and developing environmentally friendly reagents. [Display omitted] • MTS significantly increased the fluorine recovery from 47.58% to 87.94%. • The introduction of MTS promoted the formation of SiF 4 gas. • The addition of MTS reduced the amount of fluorine precipitates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]