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Assessing growth quality in preterm infants present challenges, particularly with the use of the standard fat-free mass measurement. We report here a moderate correlation between indirect skeletal muscle mass measurements using the D3-creatine dilution method and fat-free mass measured with air-displacement plethysmography. Skeletal muscle mass could serve as an indicator of growth quality., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K23HD102554; A.A.S.) and The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Dietitians in Nutrition Support Practice Group (M.L.J.). W.J.E. is listed as coinventor on the granted patents for the D3-creatine dilution method, but do not own or derive any income from the intellectual property. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)