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Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who have progressed following primary treatment (PT) have a poor prognosis. In this group, nivolumab has been demonstrated to significantly improve outcomes. This study presents the efficacy of nivolumab in Polish patients with recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) HNSCC using real-world data. The analyzed group consisted of 324 adult patients with R/M HNSCC following platinum-based therapy. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the time from completion of PT to nivolumab initiation (tPT-N): within 6 months (refractory), between 6 and 24 months (sensitive, tPT-N ≤24), and beyond 24 months (sensitive, tPT-N >24). Survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to evaluate how various risk factors affect patient outcomes. The 1-year and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 19.1%, 6.1%, 30.7%, 9.4%, and 45.7%, 29.1% in refractory, sensitive tPT-N ≤24, sensitive tPT-N >24 patients, respectively and was higher for both sensitivity groups vs. refractory (p = .004) and for sensitive tPT-N >24 versus refractory and sensitive tPT-N ≤24 (p <.001). Patients with nasopharyngeal cancer had OS significantly higher than patients with other primary tumor localization. The multivariate Cox analysis showed a significant favorable effect of tPT-N >24 (HR = 0.53, p = .001) and nasopharyngeal cancer on OS (HR = 0.20, p = .008). Conversely, female sex was identified as an unfavorable factor for OS (HR = 1.48, p = .020). In our study, we established that the benefit of nivolumab increases with the increasing tPT-N. The probability of death is significantly lower in male patients and patients with nasopharyngeal cancer regardless of tPT-N., (© 2024 The Author(s). International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.)

Background: The IN-PATSAT32 and QLQ-INFO25 are questionnaires which can be applied to assess and improve communication with cancer patients, as well as for research and clinical trials aimed at assessing patients' satisfaction and perception of the information received from nurses and other healthcare providers. Given the recently passed "Polish oncological network" act of law, the issue of patient satisfaction and its regular assessment is finally acknowledged in the socioeconomic and cultural context of Poland. The aim of this study was to validate the EORTC quality of information, QLQ-INFO25, and satisfaction with care, IN-PATSAT32 modules., Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included patients from a cancer reference center in Krakow, Poland. The translated and pilot-tested module QLQ-INFO25 was used together with the core questionnaire QLQ-C30 and the satisfaction module IN-PATSAT32. Adult patients with histological confirmation of any malignancy and the ability to answer the questionnaire were included in the study., Results: A total of 187 patients, including 111 women and 76 men (mean age ± SD; 59.32 ± 10.4), were enrolled. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients, ranged from 0.83-0.85 for the QLQ-INFO25 and 0.82-0.94 for the IN-PATSAT32, indicating positive internal consistency. Acceptable convergent and discriminant validity in multi-trait scaling analyses was observed for both modules, with r < 0.3 for all calculations. Interclass correlations proved satisfactory test-retest reliability., Conclusions: The Polish versions of the IN-PATSAT32 and QLQ-INFO25 are reliable and valid instruments providing domains not covered by the core EORTC module. These tools are suitable for use in daily clinical practice, in research as well as in clinical trials to obtain data regarding patients' perception of and satisfaction with received information within the socioeconomic and cultural context of Poland., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum Bioethics Committee (registry KBET/253/B/2011). Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki with its amendments. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI) showing promising results. However, not all patients benefit from these therapies, emphasizing the need for reliable, easily assessable biomarkers. This multicenter study involved 116 advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO + IPI across nine oncology centers in Poland. Blood markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophils, and monocytes were assessed at baseline, after three months, and before disease progression (PD). The prognostic significance of these parameters was analyzed using linear regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression models. After a median follow-up of 11.8 months, the progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.7-28.1), while the overall survival (OS) was 27.3 months (95% CI 16-not reached). Patients with an NLR increase of ≥ 25% had a PFS of 8.2 (3.1-24.7) months compared to 17.5 (8.6-28.1) months in those with a rise in < 25% (p = 0.015). Similarly, a ≥ 25% increase in PLR was linked to a PFS of 6.8 (2.8-8.3) months compared to 17.4 (8.4-28.1) months (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed PLR as an independent predictor of PFS (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.6, p = 0.001), while elevated eosinophil levels were associated with a reduced risk of death (HR 0.2, 95% CI 0.04-0.9, p = 0.05). No other analysis was statistically significant. NLR, PLR, and eosinophil levels may serve as valuable biomarkers for predicting treatment response in RCC patients receiving NIVO + IPI., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: RPM has received travel grants from Accord, BMS, MSD, and lecture fees from Astra Zeneca, BMS, GSK, Novartis, Roche, MSD; AD has received travel grants and lecture fees from Roche, BMS, Janssen, Molteni, MSD, Accord; AGW has received travel grants and lecture fees from Roche, Novaris, Lili, Astellas, Pfizer, Amgen, Swixx, Pierre Fabre, Egis, BMS, MSD; JC has received lecture fees from BMS; NVV has no financial interests; DTM has received travel grants and lecture fees from MSD, Pierre Fabre, BMS, Novartis, Pfizer; JD has received travel grants and lecture fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Nutricia; AR has received travel grants and lecture fees from Roche, BMS, Ipsen, Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead, MSD; AB has received travel grants and lecture fees from BMS, MSD, Astellas, Merck, Servier, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer; MS has received travel grants and lecture fees from Roche, BMS, Janssen, MSD, Amgen, Astellas., Ipsen, Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead; AGU has received travel grants from GSK, Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Gilead, Accord, and lecture fees from Astra Zeneca. JW has no financial interests; PB has received travel grants, lecture fees, and advisory boards from AstraZeneca, MSD, GSK, Pharma; ŁS has received travel grants from BMS, Accord; MP has received travel grants and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis, Elli Lilly, Janssen, Gilead, and Amgen. Ethical approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Jagiellonian University Medical College (approval number 118.0043.1.115.2024, dated April 19, 2024). Consent to participate: Informed, institutional consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study before starting treatment., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

The common iliac arteries (CIA) are the main finals branches of the abdominal aorta. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to demonstrate the most up-to-date and evidence-based data regarding the general anatomy of the CIAs, including their length, take-off angles, and diameters. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to find all studies considering the anatomy of the CIA. Eligibility assessment and data extraction stages were performed. The results of the measurements in a total of 5785 patients were evaluated and included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of the origin variations of the CIA has been evaluated. CIA was found to most commonly originate at the level of L4 vertebrae with a pooled prevalence of 59.49% (95% CI 48.00-70.50%). The overall mean length of the CIA was 5.59 mm (SE: 0.13), and the mean diameter of the CIA was 10.52 mm (SE: 0.85). The knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the CIA is crucial in lumbar spine surgery, especially when performing the anterolateral approach to L4 and L5 vertebrae. Furthermore, the level of the aortic bifurcation has significant implications related to vascular surgery in this region. We performed the present meta-analysis to standardize the extensive information on the anatomy of the CIAs., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The author(s) declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© 2024. The Author(s).)