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Type 1 resistant starch (RS1) was prepared by high-pressure homogenization of corn starch (CS) embedded with 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7% konjac glucomannan (KGM), followed by heat-moisture treatment (HMT) at 30% moisture content and 110 °C for 6 h. After embedding KGM and applying HMT, the gelatinization temperature of CS increased by 8.09 °C, and the resistant starch content of cooked CS increased from 8.46% to 28.05%. The addition of KGM enhanced the adhesiveness and hardness of CS while reducing its elasticity and chewiness. Rheological analysis revealed that KGM addition increased both the storage and loss moduli of CS, and the crystallinity of KGM-embedded CS decreased to 18.58%. Moreover, short-chain fatty acid production and the abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Anaerostipes, and Weissella, were higher in the RS1 group compared to the high-amylose maize starch and fructooligosaccharide groups. In the in vivo digestibility experiment, the peak blood glucose level in the RS1 group (7.08 mmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the CS group (8.57 mmol/L). These findings highlight the potential of KGM-embedded CS-derived RS1 in improving postprandial blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background and aims. Undernutrition coexists with tuberculosis and is associated with adverse treatment outcomes. Nutrition packages have been incorporated into tuberculosis patient care in some regions but there are little data on its effectiveness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a nutrition package on the treatment response and nutritional status of tuberculosis patients. Methods. We conducted a double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized trial in 360 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concurrent diabetes or prediabetes. The participants were randomly assigned to receive a daily nutrition package (112 kcal, 9 g protein, and micronutrients) or a daily placebo package (112 kcal, 3 g protein, and no micronutrients) during tuberculosis treatment. The intervention lasted for six months. All participants received standard pulmonary tuberculosis treatment. The clinical symptoms, sputum smear, chest computed tomography, and nutritional status were monitored during the intervention. Results. The nutrition package improved the expectoration (intervention vs. placebo: 34.1% vs. 48.3% in week 1, 27.8% vs. 45.0% in week 2, 25.9% vs. 38.6% in week 3, 25.6% vs. 35.4% in month 1, 15.3% vs. 22.9% in month 2) and chest pain (2.3% vs. 9.0% in week 3, 3.6% vs. 8.3% in month 1, 4.3% vs. 10.0% in month 2, 1.8% vs. 6.4% in month 4). The nutrition package also increased hemoglobin, albumin, and lymphocyte counts. The nutrition package did not influence the sputum smear conversion in the whole population [hazard ratio (95% CI): 1.031 (0.685, 1.550), P = 0.885], but accelerated the conversion in patients without cavity [2.583 (1.180, 5.656), P = 0.018]. Conclusions. The nutrition package improved the clinical symptoms ( e.g. chest pain and expectoration) and alleviated undernutrition ( e.g. anemia and hypoproteinemia) among tuberculosis patients. The study was registered at the China Clinical Trial Registry Center (no. ChiCTR1900022294; https://www.chictr.org.cn).