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The goals of this cross-sectional study were to determine associations between Big Five personality traits and the fear of COVID-19 infection among male prisoners and to assess whether anxiety and depression helped explain any of these associations. The sample comprised 168 Caucasian male prisoners aged 20 to 69. We measured personality traits using the Polish version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory and fear of COVID-19 infection using an 11-point rating scale. We evaluated participants' mental health status using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scales. Fear of COVID-19 infection was negatively correlated with extraversion, openness, and agreeableness, and positively correlated with anxiety and depression. No correlations were observed between COVID-19 infection fear and emotional stability or conscientiousness. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that only low openness to experience significantly predicted COVID-19 infection fear. Anxiety and depression mediated the association between openness and COVID-19 infection fear. The importance of openness, anxiety, and depression may be considered in psychotherapy focused on reducing fear of COVID-19 infection among prisoners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the psychological development process of suicide ideation-to-action in male prisoners, providing a basis for suicide prevention and intervention for them. Methods: Thirty-five male prisoners with self-reported or prison police assessment of suicide risk and history of self-injury and suicide were selected for in-depth interviews. Using grounded theory to code data, explore the evolution process and influencing factors of prisoners from suicidal ideation to suicide-related actions. Results: Prisoners were divided into three stages from the emergence of suicidal ideation to suicide-related actions, namely the seed stage of cumulative environmental effects (stage 1), the germination and development stage of suicidal ideation (stage 2), and the action strategy selection stage (stage 3). The process mainly contained 4 dimensions, namely situational risk factors, negative psychological experiences, psychological risk factors and psychological protection factors. Conclusion: The suicide psychological development process of prisoners is a gradual process. Suicide intervention should prioritize prevention, remove risk factors, enhance protective factors, and carry out personalized intervention based on different pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why does interpersonal violence erupt? A key source is conflict over resources and a little-studied mechanism for solving such cases concerns the availability of credible information about individuals' abilities and willingness to use force. Its core prediction is that when such credible information abounds, the outcome of a potential struggle can be anticipated and thus there is no need to fight. I test this prediction using a nationally representative survey of male prisoners (N inmates = 10,768, N facilities = 207) incarcerated in US state correctional facilities. I also make two methodologically orientated contributions. First, recent research highlights the important consequences that data analysis choices can have in determining quantitative findings. To overcome this, I draw on multiverse analysis and specification curve analysis to map out the key analytical decisions I make and run 262,144 plausible regression models. By doing so, I classify associations that are robust, mixed, or entirely frail according to analytic decisions and find partial support for the informational mechanism of interpersonal violence. Second, in contrast to much quantitative prison research, which uses only official or institutionally punished assaults data, I compare self-recognized fights to self-reported institutionally punished fights and highlight key differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to determine the extent to which the emotion regulation difficulties and coping attitudes predict the functions of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour among male inmates. A total of 314 male inmates from Manisa-Akhisar Open and Closed Type Penal Institutions participated, with 188 participants identified with a history of self-injurious behaviour during the study. Data were collected using the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Multidimensional Coping Inventory. Analysis results indicated a significant, positive correlation between interpersonal functions of self-injurious behaviour and avoidant coping attitudes. However it is seen that the interpersonal functions of the self-injury behavior were not predicted significantly by any independent variable. On the other hand, models with independent variables significantly predicted self-injurious behaviour intrapersonal functions scores. Emotion regulation difficulties could independently predict intrapersonal functions scores, explaining 8.8% of the variance. The model involving emotion regulation difficulties and avoidant coping attitudes explained 9.8% of the variance in intrapersonal functions. Lastly, the model composed of the independent variables used in the study significantly predicted total self-injurious behaviour functions scores and could explain 8.3% of the variance. The research findings were discussed within the literature framework, offering recommendations for future studies and applications to researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Support has multiple benefits for health and mental wellbeing. Its existence, and the extent to which it can be beneficial, is dependent upon the context in which it is provided, and the recipients' view of it. Social support has long been established as a 'buffer' to the negative impact of stressful life experiences. Trauma can negatively impact upon social support, reducing the extent of social networks and ability of some trauma experienced individuals to sustain extensive social support networks. However, some trauma experiences can also strengthen social relationships. Imprisoned men are disproportionately likely to have experienced a traumatic event when compared with the general population. Past research has found that traumatic events can lead to a decrease in social support among imprisoned men but more research is needed to understand the variations in perceived social support experienced by imprisoned men and to determine how different types of trauma may be related to perceived social support. A cross-sectional survey of 384 adult men detained in the Northern Ireland Prison Service was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. The survey collected data on the men's demographics, mental health, substance use, and criminal history. Respondents were also asked to complete a Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) and the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Regression analysis was then used to investigate the possible associations between individual characteristics, different types of trauma experiences and perceived social support. Most types of trauma experiences were not associated with lower levels of perceived social support. Only those who had experienced crime related trauma were more likely to report lower levels of social support. Older imprisoned men and those using substances were more likely to report lower levels of perceived social support, while those who had served a sentence of less than one year reported higher levels of perceived social support. Crime related trauma experiences were found to be associated with lower levels of perceived social support. There were no significant findings around perceived social support and any of the other trauma types i.e. physical, sexual and general disaster experiences. Trauma informed policy responses should be cognisant of this, as those with experiences of crime related victimisation are less likely to have the social support needed to buffer against future trauma experiences. The findings demonstrate that some individuals experience lower levels of perceived social support and several factors are associated with this including age, time served and substance use history. This will potentially impact upon them during release and affect their reintegration into society. Specific policies aimed at these groups should be considered to prevent them from experiencing a lack of support and any accompanying adversity upon release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]