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Qi-Hao Yao, Ze-Hu Liu Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ze-Hu Liu, Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Road 38, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-571-87827181, Email zehuliu@yahoo.comAbstract: Rosacea is a common dermatosis with multiple pathogeneses, among which, rosacea fulminans may serve as a rare but severe subtype. This inflammatory disease usually presents as abrupt multiple erythema, pustules, and nodules localized on the face. Pregnancy and related changes of hormone levels may play a key role in the development and progression of the disease, although the exact mechanisms are unknown. In particular, treatment options, which includes systemic glucocorticosteroids, isotretinoin, and partial oral antibiotics, may be limited in pregnancy. Owing to the limited number of reported cases, standard diagnosis, treatment, and management guidelines remain unclear. Here, we report a case of rosacea fulminans happening in pregnancy treated successfully with oral erythromycin and short-term glucocorticosteroids, and share our review of the characteristics of RF cases during pregnancy.Keywords: rosacea fulminans, erythromycin, dermatology, pregnancy, ocular involvements

CABYR is a protein that regulates calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation located in sperm flagella, which increases significantly during sperm capacitation and is primarily involved in sperm capacitation and motility. This study aimed to analyze the expression regulation pattern, sequence characteristics and potential biological function of CABYR gene in Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI). The testes of adult BMI boars were used for RNA-seq; the complete coding sequence of CABYR was cloned; the sequence, structural characteristics, interacting proteins, KEGG and GO of CABYR were analyzed; the ceRNA regulatory network of CABYR was built using RNA-seq data. The average expression level and TPM value of CABYR gene obtained by RNA-seq was 11 187.50 and 225.29, respectively. The full-length CDS of CABYR was 1149 bp (GenBank accession number: OK042309) encoding 382 amino acids (GenBank login number: UYO37316). The amino acid sequence alignment analysis of multiple species revealed that the similarity between BMI and other species exceeded 73%, indicating a relatively conserved sequence. The CABYR protein was found to contain the DD_CABYR_SP17 conserved domain, the results of species phylogenetic tree analysis met the clustering criteria. Other analyses, including protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, KEGG, and GO, revealed that BMI CABYR interacts with 50 proteins involved in a variety of functions, such as sexual reproduction and reproductive processes. CABYR was involved in 7 GOs, including five cellular components, one molecular functions, and one biological processes, according to functional annotation. Six miRNAs were found to regulate the CABYR gene via targeted interactions. Additionally, 8, 6, and 1 lncRNAs were found to interact with ssc-miR-4331-3p, ssc-miR-744, and ssc-miR-491, respectively, in association with CABYR. This study examines the expression of CABYR in the testis of BMI, as well as its molecular structure characteristics and expression regulatory network. These findings provide a foundation for future research on the involvement of the CABYR gene in spermatogenesis processes in BMI pigs, particularly in relation to crucial biological processes such as sperm motility and fibrous sheath development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposes The economic dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems (IES) is a key research topic of energy technology reform, inherently a complex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming problem. Traditional optimization methods have high computational complexity and struggle to adapt to the source-load uncertainty in IES coupled with renewable energy systems. Utilizing Deep Reinforcement Learning to decompose and accelerate the original problem enhances the efficiency of the IES economic dispatch model. Methods To address these issues, in this paper, an IES optimization dispatch framework based on an improved Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm is proposed. The PPO algorithm is used to approximate some variables of the nonlinear constraints in the original model, converting them into linear constraints to speed up the solution. Findings The effectiveness and efficiency of this method over others are validated through case studies, predicting significant computational advantages in large-scale IES optimization problems.

Objective Accurate short term passenger flow prediction is of great significance to improve the operation and management efficiency of the ultra-large scale of urban rail transit network. However, the current research on deep exploration of the spatio-temporal correlations is still insufficient. Therefore, according to the spatio-temporal law of short term passenger flow, a STGCN (spatio-temporal graph convolutional neural network) model based on spatio-temporal correlation characteristics of passenger flow is proposed. Method Firstly, the spatial correlation of ultra-large scale urban rail transit network is captured by ChebyNet （Chebyshev graph convolutional network）, and the temporal correlation of the passenger flow under multi-temporal correlation characteristics is explored with the help of GRU (gated recurrent unit). Secondly, the correlation of the historical passenger flow data of the station to be predicted and that of OD (origin-destination) passenger flow data are analyzed to extract the spatio-temporal correlation deeply. Finally, a STGCN model is established in combination with the spatio-temporal correlation characteristics of the passenger flow. Result & Conclusion Taking Jiangsu Road Station of Shanghai Metro Line as an example, a short-term inbound passenger flow prediction is conducted. The result shows that the prediction accuracy with spatio-temporal correlation characteristic parameters is 16% higher than that without the parameters, indicating a better prediction effect.

Objective At present, there are no systematic research results on the real-name train-riding scheme yet for city (suburban) and intercity railways. Therefore, the implementation and construction of such system has no guidelines, restricting the interconnected and integrated development of the four networks (main line railways, intercity railways, city/suburban railways and urban rail transit) to a certain extent. Method The current status of the real-name ticket system in rail transit industry, the national, local and industry policies related to real name train riding are analyzed. The advantages, disadvantages and necessity of implementing the above system in city (suburban) and intercity railways are expounded. For the first time, the scheme of using flexible real-name ticket system in city (suburban) and intercity railways is proposed, and two flexible real-name system schemes (the scheme of passenger′s person-face-ticket consistence, and the scheme of passenger′s ticket-ID consistence) and the strong real-name system scheme are compared in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Relevant suggestions for the implementation of the flexible real-name system in city (suburban) and intercity railways are put forward. Result & Conclusion City (suburban) railway and intercity railway should have the ability to set up the flexible real-name system, and determine the specific implementation plans according to the actual situation and operational needs.

Objective Many defects related to the lining of high -speed rail tunnels gradually become prominent with the increase of the high-speed rail construction completion years. The waterproof board cutting lining concrete is one of these serious defects. In order to reduce the structural disturbance and the above defects impact on line operation, new technologies need to be used to rectify the waterproof board cutting lining defects in the arch of high-speed rail tunnel. Method Based on a dual-line high-speed railway tunnel with a design speed of 200 km/h in southwest China, two adoptable treatment schemes (cast-in-place arch and lattice technology) after its arch waterproof board cutting the lining concrete are analyzed in detail. A comparative assessment of the safety and economy of the structure is also carried out. The construction organization, process flow, protective measures and construction effects of the defect rectification scheme using lattice technology are emphatically discussed. Result & Conclusion Compared with other schemes, the lattice technology rectification scheme makes full use of the existing structure bearing capacity, repairs the tunnel only in a local area with little impact on both the existing lining structures and the high-speed railway line operation. This scheme can significantly reduce the main stress and displacement of the structure, and make the bearing capacity of the defective lining meet the design requirements.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials without centrosymmetry, such as GaSe, have emerged as promising novel optical materials due to large second-order nonlinear susceptibilities. However, their nonlinear responses are severely limited by the short interaction between the 2D materials and light, which should be improved by coupling them with photonic structures with strong field confinement. Here, we theoretically design photonic crystal circular Bragg gratings (CBG) based on hole gratings with a quality factor as high as Q = 8 × 103, a mode volume as small as V = 1.18 (λ/n)3, and vertical emission of light field in silicon nitride thin film platform. Experimentally, we achieved a Q value up to nearly 4 × 103, resulting in a 1,200-fold enhancement of second harmonic generation from GaSe flakes with a thickness of 50 nm coupling to the CBG structures under continuous-wave excitation. Our work endows silicon-based photonic platforms with significant second-order nonlinear effect, which is potentially applied in on-chip quantum light sources and nonlinear frequency conversion.

[Objective] In order to quantitatively evaluate the suitability and quality improvement potential of forest and grass in typical watersheds of complex underlying surface in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. [Methods] The evaluation index system and evaluation method of forest and grass suitability in Sanchuan River Basin were constructed by means of geographical detector, spatial analysis, mathematical statistics and other methods, and the forest and grass suitability and its potential for quality improvement under the current land use conditions in the basin were evaluated. [Results] (1) The dominant factors affecting the suitable distribution of forest land in the Sanchuan River Basin include the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), elevation, soil erosion intensity and soil type. The dominant factors affecting the suitable distribution of grass land include elevation, FPAR, soil type and soil moisture, etc. (2) The area of forest land with different suitability degrees was from large to small high suitability, unsuitable, mid-height suitability, moderate suitability, and the area above moderate suitable accounted for 81.9% of the total area of forest land. The area of grassland with different suitability degree was in order from large to small: moderate suitability, unsuitable, mid-height suitability, and high suitability, and area above moderate suitability accounts for 55.3% of the total area of grassland, and there was still a large space for optimization layout of grassland in the basin. (3) The area of forest land improvement was 223.2 km2, accounting for 15.4% of the total area of moderate suitability and above areas, and most of the forest land in the area had reached the coverage threshold level. The area of grade I upgrading potential of forest in each suitability area accounted for more than 89.0%, and the difficulty of upgrading was low. The area of grassland improvement was 222.3 km2, accounting for 43.1% of the total area of moderate suitability and above areas, and nearly half of the grassland in the area have not yet reached the coverage threshold; The area proportion of grade I upgrading potential of grassland in each suitability area decreased with the increase of suitability, and the difficulty of upgrading increased with the increase of suitability. (4) The forest land can implement weak intervention measures based on natural restoration by strengthening the control of closure; grassland needs to take appropriate intervention measures according to the potential zoning of different suitability to achieve the overall improvement of grassland coverage. [Conclusion] In the Sanchuan River Basin, the pattern of forest land was better than that of grassland and the potential of grassland improvement is higher than that of forest land. The evaluation method of forest and grass habitat suitability constructed in this study can provide a scientific basis for the rational allocation of plant measures and the improvement of quality and efficiency in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.

[Objective] Biochar application can change soil physicochemical properties. The study of the effects of different biochar application methods on soil moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) distribution, which can provide basis for the scientific management of seasonally frozen soil. [Methods] The effects of different biochar application methods on soil liquid water content, temperature and EC during freezing period were studied by field experiment and long-term observation in black soil region of northeast. Biochar application methods included one-time biochar mixed application of 40 t/hm2(HO), biochar bottom application of 40 t/hm2(HE), and the blank was 0 t/hm2(CK). [Results] Both biochar application methods increased the mean soil liquid water content during the freezing period (p < 0.05), as HO > HE > CK. The application of biochar application significantly increased soil EC throughout the experimental cycle, and the average soil EC increased by 17.73% and 6.89% in the HO and HE treatments, respectively, compared to CK. The two biochar application methods had different effects on the soil temperature. Compared with CK, the mean soil temperature increased by 0.32 ℃ in the HE treatment, while the mean soil temperature decreased by 0.46 ℃ in the HO treatment. In addition, the HE treatment weakened the range of change in soil liquid water, temperature and EC during the freezing period compared to HO and CK treatments. [Conclusion] Both heterogeneous and homogeneous biochar application were beneficial to increase the liquid water content and EC of degraded black soil during freezing period. Especially heterogeneous biochar application was also beneficial to increase the soil temperature of the tillage layer during freezing period, homogeneous biochar application can also reduce the soil freezing during freezing effect during the same period. Both of the two biochar application modes may have an important impact on the soil moisture-salt transport and material transformation process during the freezing period, and even have an important effect on the spring emergence and early growth of crops.

Abstract Background This study was intended to investigate the correlation between depression and suicidal ideation among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential mediating roles of chronotype and sleep quality in this relationship . Methods A sample of 4,768 college students was selected from four institutions in Anhui Province, China, and the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic (November to December 2020) using a stratified, cluster, multi-stage sampling method. This study used the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) to assess depressive symptoms, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire 19 (MEQ-19) to determine individual sleep chronotypes (i.e., morning or evening preference), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality. Participants were asked about suicidal ideation. MPLUS 8.3 software was used to analyze the mediating effect of chronotype and sleep quality on the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among Chinese college students was 5.4%. Depression was inversely correlated with chronotype (beta = − 0.346, P

In 2024, the Chinese Meridian Project (CMP) completed its construction, deploying 282 instruments across 31 stations. This achievement not only provides a robust foundation but also serves as a reference template for the International Meridian Circle Program (IMCP). The IMCP aims to integrate and establish a comprehensive network of ground-based monitoring stations designed to track the propagation of space weather events from the Sun to Earth. Additionally, it monitors various disturbances generated within the Earth system that impact geospace. Over the past two years, significant progress has been made on the IMCP. In particular, the second phase of construction for the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather has been completed, and the North Pole and Southeast Asia networks are under active construction. The 2024 IMCP joint observation campaign was successfully conducted. To facilitate these developments, the scientific program committee of IMCP was established, following the success of 2023 IMCP workshop and the space weather school, which was co-hosted with the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO) and sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP). Preparations are now underway for the 2024 workshop in collaboration with the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) in Brazil.

Abstract To develop the Head and Neck Cancer Psychosocial Distress Scale (HNCPDS) with the aim of identifying high-risk individuals for psychosocial distress among patients, and to assess its reliability, validity and applicability. Using the classical test theory, a total of 435 head and neck cancer patients from six tertiary hospitals in China were recruited for developing the HNCPDS. Delphi expert consultation and item analysis were used to improve the content validity of the preliminary HNCPDS. Factor analysis (FA) and Structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the structural validity of HNCPDS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to test the internal consistency and retest reliability of HNCPDS. Multiple stepped-linear regression was used to analyze the risk factors of psychological disorder, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between psychosocial distress and quality of life (QOL). The HNCPDS consisted of 14 items, which were divided into 3 subscales: 3 items for cancer discrimination, 5 items for anxiety and depression, and 6 items for social phobia. The HNCPDS had good validity [KMO coefficient was 0.947, Bartlett’s test was 5027.496 (P

Objective Given the large scale of urban rail transit interchange stations, numerous environmental constraints, and the significant difficulties in station architectural design, it is necessary to conduct a scientific and rational design for interchange stations. Method Using the architectural design proposal for Beijing Subway Line 19 Ping’anli Interchange Station as example, the design control conditions for the interchange station are analyzed from various aspects, including planning requirements, current conditions, heritage and environmental protection needs, resource conservation demands, and other controlling factors. Solution ideas for challenging issues regarding station location, station type, scale, and other controlling factors in the architectural design proposal for the interchange station are studied. The final layout plan for Ping’anli Interchange Station is proposed, along with a summary of the design principle and key design points. Result & Conclusion The final layout plan for Ping’anli Interchange Station is as follows: Line 19 Ping’anli Station is located north of the intersection of Zhaodengyu Road and Ping’anli West Street. The main structure adopts a double-level island platform with a two-storey, double-column, and three-span structure. The first underground level serves as the concourse, and the second underground level is the platform. An ancillary building on the southeast side of the station has three underground floors, with an interchange passage on the second underground level connecting Line 19 and Line 6. The station has three entrances, two emergency exists, one accessible elevator, two ventilation shafts, and one cooling tower.

Objective With the increasing automation levels in urban rail transit, drivers responsible for operation in GOA2 (semi-automated train operation) mode become the multitasking personnel responsible for monitoring and inspecting compartments in GOA4 (unattended train operation) mode. The emergency disposal operation procedure has changed as a result. To achieve a more refined analysis and evaluation of urban rail transit train operations in the GOA4 mode, it is necessary to conduct an in-depth study on the quantitative assessment method for the emergency disposal operation complexity in terms of key driving post personnel. Method Based on standardized operating procedures, the WDA (work domain analysis) method is used to establish an information structure diagram for key driving post personnel. The emergency disposal operation complexity in terms of key driving post personnel under both GOA2 and GOA4 modes is analyzed from four aspects of information quantity, operation logic, operational scale, and overall complexity. Using door malfunction emergency disposal operations as example, the emergency disposal operation complexity for key driving post personnel in both modes is calculated, and two-tailed Pearson test is carried out for site standardized operational score rate correlation verification. Result & Conclusion The correlation test results show that the correlation coefficient of vehicle door fault emergency disposal operations is -0.827, significance level is 0.042, the complexity of the operation and the score rate is negatively correlated, validating the effectiveness of the SC (step complexity) model.

Since the application of electromagnetic technology，the investigation of microwave absorbing materials has been widespread concerned in the world. With the development of technology，the effect of microwave absorption technology is constantly increasing in the world. Up to now，the structural design and electrical performance simulation calculation of microwave absorption coatings play an increasingly important role in the preparation of microwave absorption coatings. The design and optimization of coating structure can directly improve the absorption performance. Nowadays，microwave absorbing materials usually have multi-layer structures such as impedance matching layer，absorption layer and bonding layer. Their reflection coefficients are determined by the thickness，magnetic permeability，and dielectric constant. Only relying on the experiments to study the influence of reflection coefficient must be inevitably resulted in a relatively broad and blind workload. Based on this， three kinds of microwave absorption coating absorbers were selected to carry out electromagnetic parameter testing and analysis. The electromagnetic properties of single layer，single layer and double layer structure combined with two kinds of absorbers were simulated and calculated under the 1.2 mm thickness of the coating. Four optimal coating design schemes were obtained through the simulation calculation，and the electrical performance experiment were further completed for comparison. The results show that the electrical performance verified by experiment is in good agreement with the trend of simulation calculation results. Finally，the optimal coating is the single-layer coating with the Absorbent A∶ Absorbent C=2∶1. At this time，the simulation calculation and experimental results of the microwave absorption coating both show relatively high absorption performance.

AIM: To investigate the effects of placement of the absorbable packing material Nasopore around the anastomosis site on postoperative re-bleeding, discomfort, and on the success rate of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(En-DCR).METHODS: Prospective randomized controlled study. A total of 101 patients(101 eyes)diagnosed with chronic dacryocystitis that underwent En-DCR in the ophthalmology department, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine from November 2020 to October 2021 were collected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups according to whether they were packed with Nasopore at the end of operation, namely, the packed group(49 eyes)and the non-packed group(52 eyes). The postoperative follow-up was 9 mo, the degree of re-bleeding, discomfort, and postoperative success rate(including anatomical success rate and functional success rate)were compared between the two groups of patients.RESULTS: This study included 94 patients, including 45(45 eyes)and 49(49 eyes)in packed group and non-packed group, respectively. The En-DCR was performed successfully in all patients. Postoperative re-bleeding occurred in 1 eye(2%)in the packed group, and 9 eyes(18%)in the non-packed group(P0.05). The postoperative functional success rate was 89%(40/45)in the packed group and 86%(42/49)in the non-packed group(P>0.05). Other complications such as orbital fat prolapse, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, sinusitis, visual impairment and double vision were not observed in all patients during the follow-up.CONCLUSION: Nasal packing absorbable material Nasopore around the anastomosis at the end of En-DCR operation can reduce postoperative re-bleeding and postoperative discomfort of patients, and it has no obvious effect on the postoperative success rate.

Objective: In order to solve the phenomenon of low mechanical shelling efficiency and high kernel breakage rate of hazelnut, a vertical cone shell breaking machine was designed with automatic adjustment of clearance through compression spring. Methods: The key structure of the shell breaker was composed of three core components: the vertical cone inner roller, the slatted screen outer roller and the pressure spring device, and the stress of the hazelnuts in the shelling cavity of the shell breaker was analyzed. Results: The main parameters of the vertical cone hazelnut shell breaker were determined: the taper of the uniform cone was 30°, the inclination angle of the inner roller bus was 75°, the half cone angle was 15°, the surface groove was spiral, the groove depth was 3 mm, the inclination angle of the outer roller bus was 73°, the half cone angle was 17°, the free stroke of the compression spring design was 230 mm, the middle warp was 160 mm, the wire diameter was 24 mm, the effective number of turns was 6, the total number of turns was 8, and the effective speed range of the inner roller was 229.2～881.5 r/min. Conclusion: This design can automatically adjust the compression amount of the vertical cone shell breaker and adjust the shell breaking gap through the feeding amount, which can adapt to the fruit shape size of different hazelnuts, so that the hazelnut shelling efficiency and kernel preparation rate can be improved.

The mechanical properties of rolled 7075 aluminum alloy treated by non-isothermal retrogression and re-aging can exceed the traditional peak aging (T6) and isothermal retrogression and re-aging. After non-isothermal retrogression and re-aging (NIA 180/60) treatment, compared with the T6 state alloy, the alloy has obvious grain boundary precipitate-free zone, and the tensile strength is increased from 558 ± 1.2 MPa to 611 ± 1 MPa. The main mechanism leading to the increase of mechanical properties is precipitation strengthening, followed by grain boundary strengthening, which is not related to crystal orientation, dislocation strengthening and solid solution strengthening. During the non-isothermal retrogression and re-aging treatment, the partial dissolution of the existing precipitates (GP zone and η′ phase), the growth of the remaining precipitates and the precipitation of new η′ phase, as well as the secondary precipitation in the re-aging stage, lead to the increase of the size and density of the intragranular precipitates compared with the T6 state alloy, and the maximum precipitation strengthening effect is obtained. This paper also discusses the relationship between performance changes and microstructure, which can provide a reference for optimizing the regression re-aging process.

A new adsorbent(DES@ZIF@MG) was prepared by grafting deep eutectic solvents(DES) onto metal organic framework ZIF/magnetic reduced graphene oxide(MG) for the adsorption of methamphetamine. A series of structural characterization analyses (SEM, FT-IR, BET, VSM, TGA) were facilitated to explore the microscopic morphology and physicochemical properties of DES@ZIF@MG. The adsorption performances of methamphetamine onto the adsorbent were investigated by adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and adsorption effect experiments(pH, ionic strengths, and humic acid). The results showed that the adsorption of methamphetamine onto DES@ZIF@MG was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption process was an energetically homogeneous adsorption dominated by chemisorption. The XPS characterization illustrated that the adsorption process of methamphetamine by DES@ZIF@MG mainly involved hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction, electrostatic interaction, and chelation.

To make advanced treatment of wastewater from butadiene-based PA66 salt production, the research of ozone catalyst was conducted, and a combined process of high-efficiency sedimentation+pre-ozone catalytic oxidation+two-stage pre-denitrification+post-ozone catalytic oxidation was introduced. The results showed that the treatment effect of the whole process was in a relatively stable condition. The effluent with COD≤40 mg/L, NH3-N≤2 mg/L, and TN≤5 mg/L was better than first class A effluent index of Pollutant Emission Standards for Urban Sewage Treatment Plants(GB 18918-2002). In the process of bacterial culture, post-ozone catalytic oxidation had NH3-N removal rate of 81.1% and TN removal rate of 63.7%, showing great performance in NH3-N and TN removal. Meanwhile, pre-ozone catalytic oxidation had a better performance in COD removal, and the mass ratio between ozone consumption and COD removal was 1.64∶1. The operating cost of the whole process for treating wastewater from PA66 salt producted by butadiene was 4.86 yuan/t. The whole process was cost-effective compared to deep treatment project. It provides reference for similar wastewater treatment.

When the earth faults occur in different phases of two feeders connected to the same bus in the resonant grounding system, the conventional fault line selection devices are inaccurate. To address the difficulties of fault line selection in the earth faults that occurred in different phases of two feeders connected to the same busbar for resonant grounding system, the line zero-sequence admittance is calculated by the zero-sequence current at the first end of the line and the zero-sequence voltage of the bus. The analysis of the fault characteristics indicates that, the zero-sequence admittance amplitude in faulty lines is larger than that in the non-faulty line, and this characteristic also appears in the high-impedance grounding faults. Based on the ratio of zero-sequence admittance amplitude, a fault line selection method for earth faults occurring in different phases of two feeders connected to the same bus in a resonant grounding system is proposed. The difference in zero-sequence admittance amplitude between fault and non-fault lines is used to establish a line selection criterion, which allows all fault lines to be selected. The results simulated by PSCAD confirmed that the proposed method works effectively, with high accurary. This method is not affected by the fault location and the compensation degree of the arc suppression coil, and it can also withstand high fault resistances.

No intervention definitively extends transplant-free survival in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), may enhance PSC prognosis, but their efficacy is debated.

C16H16N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 9.370(2) Å, b = 10.265(2) Å, c = 15.863(4) Å, V = 1525.8(6) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0753, wRref (F 2) = 0.198, T = 273 K.

[Objective] This study was aimed at investigating the variation relationship between soil crust and infiltration performance under continuous and intermittent rainfall conditions. [Methods] Three typical cultivated layer loesses were selected, and indoor simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to analyze the relationship between soil crust strength, cohesion, and infiltration performance under different rainfall conditions. [Results] (1) The infiltration performance decreased with the increase of continuous rainfall duration and intermittent rainfall events; under the same rainfall duration and intensity, the desilting effect of intermittent rainfall was higher than that of continuous rainfall. (2) Soil crust strength and cohesion increased with the increase of continuous rainfall duration and intermittent rainfall events; the infiltration performance of cinnamon soil and black earth was significantly linearly correlated with crust strength and cohesion (p < 0.05). The longer the continuous rainfall duration and the more frequent the intermittent rainfall events, the greater the soil crust strength, cohesion, and desilting effect. The infiltration performance of sandy soil was significantly nonlinearly correlated with crust strength and cohesion (p < 0.05). (3) The smaller the MWD and GMD of the crust, the worse the infiltration performance and the greater the desilting effect; furthermore, the correlation analysis results showed that the impact of intermittent rainfall on infiltration performance is higher. [Conclusion] Finally, under the same rainfall intensity, intermittent rainfall can form a more solid crust, which has a stronger weakening effect on soil infiltration performance. This study can provide a reference for the prevention and control of soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau and the effective utilization of water resources

[Objective] This study was aimed to estimate the amount of water conservation in Shaanxi Province. [Methods] The InVEST model and PLUS model were coupled to calculate the water conservation amount in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2020 and predict the water conservation amount under land use changes in the future in 2030. [Results] The average water conservation amount in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2020 was 132.25 mm, with a spatial distribution characteristic of gradually increasing water conservation from north to south. From the perspective of vegetation types, forest land was the main body of water conservation in Shaanxi Province. The average annual water conservation amount was 199.55×108 m3. From the administrative region, Ankang City had the largest water conservation amount(308.96 mm). The total amount of water source conservation in 2030 will be 285.16×108 m3 and 8.68×108 m3 less than that in 2020. [Conclusion] The water conservation amount of Shaanxi Province will show a slight downward trend from 2020 to 2030 in the future.

In order to improve the performance of aerodynamic and take off and landing from water surface, a new biomimetic UAV with multi-segment wing in ground effect is designed based on the hull fuselage, multi-segment wing and T-tai. The pressure nephogram, pressure coefficient and lift-drag characteristics of the UAV in different states are studied in detail with N-S equation and K-Ω-SST turbulence model. The simulation results show that the influence of ground effect decreases with the increase of the UAV height above water. When the ratio of height above water to mean geometric chord (ratio of height to chord H/c) is close to 1, the ground effect is more significant. When the UAV is 0.2 m above water, the lift coefficient and lift-drag ratio increase by 21.91% and 40.37% respectively, and the drag coefficient decreases by 15.22%. For the multi-segment wing layout, the ground effect flight mainly affects the pressure coefficient and pressure nephogram of the lower surface. And the positive pressure amplitude of pressure coefficient in lower surface gradually decreases from inside to outside along the span direction, and the pressure coefficient near the leading and trailing edges along the chord direction is small. With the pressure nephogram, the results show that the impact of ground effect on the growth rate of lift is mainly concentrated in the area below the mid and inner wing. The lift curve slope can be significantly increased by ground effect (increased by 8.89% when H/c is 1). The growth rate of lift coefficient and the decrease rate of drag coefficient gradually increase when the angle of attack increases, and the growth rate of lift-drag ratio (H/c is 1) reaches more than 26% when the angle of attack is greater than 2°. It has been proven that the design has excellent aerodynamic and flight performance with multiple flight tests of verification UAV taking off and landing from water surface and with and without ground effects. The UAV can provide flight platforms for water quality detection, water surface transportation, search and rescue reconnaissance, etc.

Objective(s): Wnt5a, which regulates the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, is reportedly overexpressed in osteoarthritis (OA) tissues. The purpose of this study was to elucidate its role in the development of OA by deleting Wnt5a in osteocalcin (OCN)-expressing cells.Materials and Methods: Knee OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in OCN-Cre;Wnt5afl/fl knockout (Wnt5a-cKO) mice and control littermates. Eight weeks after surgery, histological changes, cell apoptosis, and matrix metabolism of cartilage were evaluated by toluidine blue, TUNEL staining, and im-immunohistochemistry analyses, respectively. In addition, the subchondral bone microarchitecture of mice was examined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).Results: Histological scores show substantial cartilage degeneration occurred in ACLT knees, coupled with decreased collagen type II expression and enhanced matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression, as well as higher proportions of apoptotic cells. Micro-CT results show that ACLT resulted in decreased bone mineral density, bone volume/trabecular volume, trabecular number, and structure model index of subchondral bones in both Wnt5a-cKO and control littermates; although Wnt5a-cKO mice display lower BMD and BV/TV values, no significant difference was observed between Wnt5a-cKO and control mice for any of these values. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Wnt5a deficiency in OCN-expressing cells could not prevent an osteoarthritic phenotype in a mouse model of post-traumatic OA.

With the aim of effectively removing tannin from Rosa roxburghii juice, reducing astringency, and enhancing its taste, chemical precipitation was applied, and ginger protein was used as the tannin remover. Besides, tannin removal rate and vitamin C (VC) retention rate were adopted as the key analytical parameters. In addition, single-factor experiment and orthogonal test were used to determine the optimal tannin removal process for ginger protein. The results were as follows: (1) The optimal conditions for removing tannin from R. roxburghii juice with ginger protein were a liquid-solid ratio of 30∶1.2 (mL∶g), R. roxburghii juice pH of 3.0, a stirring temperature of 5 ℃, and a stirring time of 30 min. (2) According to orthogonal test analysis, the degree of influence of various factors on removing tannin from R. roxburghii juice was liquid-solid ratio > stirring temperature > R. roxburghii juice pH > stirring time. (3) Under the optimal process conditions, the tannin removal rate and VC retention rate were (47.451±0.608)% and（75.904±1.244）% respectively. (4) Under the optimal process conditions, juice transmittance rate increased from (8.44±0.662)% to (92.47±0.397)%, the astringency of R. roxburghii juice was significantly reduced, and its flavor was improved. In summary, this study provides a novel approach and a new technological route for solving common key technical problems faced by the deep processing industry of R. roxburghii juice and also provides a certain technical reference for exploiting ginger resources comprehensively.

Through a close examination of various platforms and content offered by the top three Chinese streaming services, iQiyi, Tencent Video and YouKu, this study provides an overview of these services’ international operation and starts mapping out the global presence of Chinese pop culture content.

The ore grade is a core indicator for measuring the economic value of minerals, and its online detection capability is related to the economic benefits, environmental impact, and production intelligence level of a mining enterprise. This study discusses the application value and classification of online detection technologies for ore grade and summarizes the research and application progress of these technologies in terms of the following technical directions: radioactive, optical, electromagnetic, and machine-vision detection. Challenges faced by the development of related technologies are identified at the technical research and practical application levels. Challenges at the technical research level include (1) accuracy bottlenecks and interference factors, (2) difficulties in signal analysis and optimization, and (3) model construction and data dependency. Challenges at the practical application level include (1) radiation safety and cost-effectiveness, (2) technological breakthroughs adapted to diverse ore characteristics, and (3) stable operation and real-time feedback in harsh environments. The study further elaborates on the future development directions of online detection technologies for ore grade. Future efforts should focus on breakthroughs in exploring the forefront of multimodal fusion and intelligent perception technologies, iterating and upgrading intelligent perception and data processing algorithms, developing miniaturized/remote/intelligent equipment, and constructing and optimizing real-time dynamic monitoring network systems. Moreover, emerging technologies, such as deep learning for promoting the fusion analysis of micro and macro features, quantum computing and bioinspired algorithms, as well as intelligent sensor networks and the Internet of Things technology, are summarized. Furthermore, active actions are recommended in the following aspects: (1) technological innovation and equipment upgrading, (2) standards formulation and standardization construction, (3) deepening of the industry–education–research–application cooperation mechanism, (4) talent cultivation and team building, and (5) international cooperation and resource sharing, thereby promoting the intelligent and efficient development and utilization of mineral resources.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Methods The clinical symptoms, MRI features, results of laboratory tests and clinical prognosis of 14 MOGAD patients who were hospitalized in our hospital from June 2016 to June 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical and imaging characteristics were summarized and discussed. Results Among the 14 enrolled patients, there were 10 males and 4 females, with a male to female ratio of 2.5∶1. Their age of first onset was 45 years in 3 cases. Optic neuritis (10/14, 71.43%) was the most common clinical type, followed by encephalitis or meningoencephalitis (9/14, 64.29%), brainstem encephalitis (5/14, 35.71%) and myelitis (5/14, 35.71%). Visual impairment (10/14, 71.43%) was the most common clinical symptom, followed by headache in 8 cases (8/14, 57.14%), fever in 6 cases (6/14, 42.86%), dizziness in 6 cases (6/14, 42.86%), parethesia in 5 cases (5/14, 35.71%), and seizures, limb paralysis, sphincter dysfunction, ataxia, and vomit were all in 4 cases (4/14, 28.57%). Four patients (4/14, 28.57%) had a history of upper respiratory tract infection before MOGAD onset. There were 10 patients undergoing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test, and 8 of them had abnormal results, including 2 patients (2/10, 20%) of increased pressure, 8 patients (8/10, 80%) of larger WBC count in CSF, and 5 patients (5/10, 50%) of elevated total protein in CSF. MRI displayed multiple lesion involvement, and there were 7 cases (7/14, 50.00%) in cortical/subcortical white matter, 6 cases in brainstem (6/14, 42.86%), 5 cases in optic nerve (5/14, 35.71%), 4 cases in spinal cord (4/14, 28.57%). The hippocampus, thalamus, basal ganglia, and paraventricular white matter were involved in 3 cases (3/14, 21.43%), respectively, and the cerebellum and corpus callosum were in 2 cases (2/14, 14.29%), respectively. MRI lesions demonstrated patchy hyperintensity on T2 WI and T2 FLAIR, with patchy, nodular and linear enhancement. Among the 10 patients undergoing visual evoked potential (VEP) test, abnormalities were detected in 9 cases (9/10, 90%), and 8 (8/10, 80%) had bilateral visual pathway abnormalities. Eight patients (8/14, 57.14%) experienced relapse and remission course. Both methylprednisolone pulse therapy and immunoglobulin modulation therapy were effective in the acute phase. Five patients with relapsed remission presented a significant reduction in recurrence after immunosuppressants. Conclusion MOGAD is manifested with various clinical features, with vision loss, headache, fever and dizziness more common. MRI lesions of MOGAD involve cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, brainstem, and optic nerve, etc. Patchy hyperintesive signals are observed on T2WI and T2 FLAIR, and some lesions can be enhanced. Corticosteroid pulse therapy and immunoglobulin therapy show effective treatment in the acute phase, and immunosuppressants in the remission phase can reduce relapse.

This study aimed to elucidate the influence of various culture medium components, including carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, suspension agents, and temperature, on the mycelial growth characteristics of Phallus dongsun. Employing single-factor experiments and response surface methodology within glass Petri dishes, the research identified that carrot powder, soybean powder, and ZnSO4 notably enhanced the proliferation of aerial mycelium, significantly augmenting the growth rate of P. dongsun mycelium. The resultant mycelium was observed to be dense, robust, and fluffy in texture. In particular, ZnSO4 markedly accelerated the mycelium growth rate. Furthermore, xanthan gum was found to effectively modulate the medium’s viscosity, ensuring a stable suspension and facilitating nutrient equilibrium. The optimal cultivation temperature was determined to be 25°C, with mycelial growth ceasing below 5°C and mycelium perishing at temperatures exceeding 35°C. The optimal medium composition was established as follows: wheat starch 5 g/l, carrot powder 5 g/l, soybean powder 7.50 g/l, glucose 10 g/l, ZnSO4 0.71 g/l, NH4Cl 0.68 g/l, xanthan gum 0.5 g/l, and agar 20 g/l. Under these optimized conditions, the mycelium of P. dongsun exhibited a rapid growth rate (1.04 ± 0.14 mm/day), characterized by a thick, dense, and well-developed structure. This investigation provides a theoretical foundation for the conservation, strain selection, and breeding of P. dongsun.

The efficient removal of low concentration, recalcitrant, and highly toxic organic heavy metal complexes in industrial wastewater is a hot issue in the field of heavy metal pollution control. Adsorption method has received considerable attention in the treatment of organic heavy metal complexes pollution due to its advantages of low cost, high efficiency and easy operation. This paper elaborated on the development situation and research progress of mainstream adsorbents in recent years in the field of removing typical EDTA-complexed heavy metals in water, commented on the advantages and disadvantages of different types of adsorbents and corresponding performance optimization methods, and summarized the reaction mechanisms of relevant adsorbents. The advantages and limitations of traditional organic heavy metal complexes pollution treatment technology and current new adsorption technology were compared, which provided a beneficial reference for reasonable selection of the best type of adsorbent in complex environments. The application performance and development potential of new adsorbents in the field of actual wastewater treatment contaminated with organic heavy metal complexes were listed. The priorities of future research and development directions of new adsorbents were envisioned to provide reference for the treatment of wastewater containing organic heavy metal complexes by adsorption.

Objective Improving the service level to the passengers and ensuring safety are the core purpose of the facility layout and operation management of urban rail transit station. To design the station facility scientifically, the basic characteristics and patterns of the pedestrian following behavior need to be studied. Method Based on the pedestrian trajectory, a description model of pedestrian following behavior and its characteristic parameters are proposed, and a controllable experiment is designed to simulate the pedestrian following behavior in one way passage of the urban rail transit station. The pedestrian following trajectory is extracted from the collected video data, and the characteristics and patterns of the parameters such as pedestrian following speed difference, time interval, horizontal and longitudinal spacing are deeply analyzed when the following behavior occurs. The effects of the four factors i.e. pedestrian density, passage width, gender and familiarity to the environment on the pedestrian following behavior are studied. Result & Conclusion The lower the pedestrian density, the smaller the average following speed difference and the shorter the average following time distance. The passage width has no significant effect on the following behavior characteristic parameters. All the values of the characteristic parameters of the opposite sex are larger than those of the same sex. The values of the characteristic parameters of the pedestrians who are not familiar with the environment are more discrete than those familiar with the environment.

Objective The overvoltage caused by circuit breaker closing will aggravate the insulation aging of high voltage equipment when EMU (electric multiple units)passes neutral section. The research on the mechanism and influencing factors of overvoltage caused by circuit breaker closing provides significant theory for the insulation matching and equipment selection of EMU main circuit. Method Based on the EMU main circuit structure and the process of passing neutral section, the causes of overvoltage during breaker closing under normal operation is analyzed. In consideration of the special influence of vacuum circuit breaker closing bounce characteristics on overvoltage, a simulation model of EMU main circuit is established.By comparative study of the overvoltage characteristics of EMU main circuit breaker closing, the influence patterns of main circuit action time, parameters of EMU high voltage cable, parameters of catenary and equipment characteristics on overvoltage are obtained. Result & Conclusion In extreme conditions, the peak overvoltage is 2.39 times the peak power frequency voltage, close to 2.4 times the stipulated value in the "Testing specifications of high-speed electic multiple unit on completion of construction". The overvoltage generated in extreme conditions will affect the insulation performance of the EMU high voltage equipment, even leading to breakdown phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the phase controlling closing technology for the circuit breaker to close at the target phase, select the high voltage cable with small capacitance of unit distribution, improve the mechanical characteristics of the vacuum circuit breaker and other relevant preventive measures，and finally to effectively reduce the EMU closing overvoltage.

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non‐interposition imaging technique that provides rich anatomical and physiological information. Yet it is limited by the long imaging time. Recently, deep neural networks have shown potential to significantly accelerate MRI. However, most of these approaches ignore the correlation between adjacent slices in MRI image sequences. In addition, the existing deep learning‐based methods for MRI are mainly based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). They fail to capture long‐distance dependencies due to the small receptive field. Inspired by the feature similarity in adjacent slices and impressive performance of Transformer for exploiting the long‐distance dependencies, a novel multislice texture transformer network is presented for undersampled MRI reconstruction (TTMRI). Specifically, the proposed TTMRI is consisted of four modules, namely the texture extraction, correlation calculation, texture transfer and texture synthesis. It takes three adjacent slices as inputs, in which the middle one is the target image to be reconstructed, and the other two are auxiliary images. The multiscale features are extracted by the texture extraction module and their inter‐dependencies are calculated by the correlation calculation module, respectively. Then the relevant features are transferred by the texture transfer module and fused by the texture synthesis module. By considering inter‐slice correlations and leveraging the Transformer architecture, the joint feature learning across target and adjacent slices are encouraged. Moreover, TTMRI can be stacked with multiple layers to recover more texture information at different levels. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed TTMRI outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods in both quantitative and qualitative evaluationsions.

Abstract Background Ensuring the safety of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) has become a pivotal issue in dental care practices, focusing on the health implications for both patients and healthcare providers. The inherent structure and usage conditions of DUWLs contribute to the risk of biofilm formation and bacterial growth, highlighting the need for effective disinfection solutions.The quest for a disinfection method that is both safe for clinical use and effective against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in DUWLs underscores the urgency of this research. Materials Chlorine dioxide disinfectants at concentrations of 5, 20, and 80 mg/L were used to treat biofilms of S. aureus and E. coli cultured in DUWLs. The disinfection effectiveness was assessed through bacterial counts and culturing. Simultaneously, human skin fibroblast cells were treated with the disinfectant to observe changes in cell morphology and cytotoxicity. Additionally, the study included corrosion tests on various metals (carbon steel, brass, stainless steel, aluminum, etc.). Results Experimental results showed that chlorine dioxide disinfectants at concentrations of 20 mg/L and 80 mg/L significantly reduced the bacterial count of S. aureus and E. coli, indicating effective disinfection. In terms of cytotoxicity, higher concentrations were more harmful to cellular safety, but even at 80 mg/L, the cytotoxicity of chlorine dioxide remained within controllable limits. Corrosion tests revealed that chlorine dioxide disinfectants had a certain corrosive effect on carbon steel and brass, and the degree of corrosion increased with the concentration of the disinfectant. Conclusion After thorough research, we recommend using chlorine dioxide disinfectant at a concentration of 20 mg/L for significantly reducing bacterial biofilms in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs). This concentration also ensures satisfactory cell safety and metal corrosion resistance.

Objective In order to provide reference and basis for the scientific research capacity training of medical graduates, the current situation training for professional graduates majoring in neurosurgery was investigated and analyzed. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among graduates majoring in neurosurgery at Xuanwu Hospital. Possible relevant factors were analyzed, including scientific research awareness, scientific research initiative, scientific research interest, weekly science citation indexTM(SCI) literature reading, number of thesis published in Chinese core journals, number of thesis published in SCI journals, and participation in clinical and basic research project, number of registered clinical studies, experience in writing fund applications, supervisor′s scientific research requirements, participation in Journal Club activities. The current status of scientific research capacity building of graduates in our department and the factors of scientific research productivity were analyzed. Results Professional graduate majoring in neurosurgery had the highest weekly scientific research literature reading score (4.32±1.04), higher scientific research awareness, scientific research initiative, and scientific research interest scores (3.82-3.89).However, participation in scientific research (2.80±1.18) and thesis publication(2.50±1.52) were relatively low. Comparing graduates of different grades, scientific research awareness and initiative increase with raising grade. Most of first-year master candidates had the lowest scores in sum of relevant factors. In addition, the result of linear regression analysis suggested that scientific research interest and participation in scientific research had a significant impact on scientific research productivity(P＜0.05). Conclusions It is necessary to stimulate graduates′ interest in scientific research and encourage them to join research project and strengthen the capacity of setting research goals. Also more efforts are needed to optimize research and training environment in terms of tutors and institutions, thus to promote the building of research capacity of graduates to meet the comprehensive requirements for cultivation of medical talents.

SignificanceThe mechanization, automation and intelligentization of agricultural equipment are key factors to improve operation efficiency, free up labor force and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. It is also the hot spot of research and development of agricultural machinery industry in the future. In China, hills and mountains serves as vital production bases for agricultural products, accounting for about 70% of the country's land area. In addition, these regions face various environmental factors such as steep slopes, narrow road, small plots, complex terrain and landforms, as well as harsh working environment. Moreover, there is a lack of reliable agricultural machinery support across various production stages, along with a shortage of theoretical frameworks to guide the research and development of agricultural machinery tailored to hilly and mountainous locales.ProgressThis article focuses on the research advances of tractor leveling and anti-overturning systems in hilly and mountainous areas, including tractor body, cab and seat leveling technology, tractor rear suspension and implement leveling slope adaptive technology, and research progress on tractor anti-overturning protection devices and warning technology. The vehicle body leveling mechanism can be roughly divided into five types based on its different working modes: parallel four bar, center of gravity adjustable, hydraulic differential high, folding and twisting waist, and omnidirectional leveling. These mechanisms aim to address the issue of vehicle tilting and easy overturning when traversing or working on sloping or rugged roads. By keeping the vehicle body posture horizontal or adjusting the center of gravity within a stable range, the overall driving safety of the vehicle can be improved to ensure the accuracy of operation. Leveling the driver's cab and seats can mitigate the lateral bumps experienced by the driver during rough or sloping operations, reducing driver fatigue and minimizing strain on the lumbar and cervical spine, thereby enhancing driving comfort. The adaptive technology of tractor rear suspension and implement leveling on slopes can ensure that the tractor maintains consistent horizontal contact with the ground in hilly and mountainous areas, avoiding changes in the posture of the suspended implement with the swing of the body or the driving path, which may affect the operation effect. The tractor rollover protection device and warning technology have garnered significant attention in recent years. Prioritizing driver safety, rollover warning system can alert the driver in advance of the dangerous state of the tractor, automatically adjust the vehicle before rollover, or automatically open the rollover protection device when it is about to rollover, and timely send accident reports to emergency contacts, thereby ensuring the safety of the driver to the greatest extent possible.Conclusions and ProspectsThe future development directions of hill and mountain tractor leveling, anti-overturning early warning, unmanned, automatic technology were looked forward: Structure optimization, high sensitivity, good stability of mountain tractor leveling system research; Study on copying system of agricultural machinery with good slope adaptability; Research on anti-rollover early warning technology of environment perception and automatic interference; Research on precision navigation technology, intelligent monitoring technology and remote scheduling and management technology of agricultural machinery; Theoretical study on longitudinal stability of sloping land. This review could provide reference for the research and development of high reliability and high safety mountain tractor in line with the complex working environment in hill and mountain areas.

Copper and copper alloy are commonly used to fabricate ship propellers and sealing valves that encounter harsh corrosion and wear. To improve their service life, Cu coating and Cu–AlN composite coatings with different volume content of AlN (10%, 20%, 30%) were prepared by cold spraying. The investigation focused on analyzing the coatings’ microstructure, microhardness, resistance to wear, and corrosion. Results show that the composite coatings with AlN have fewer pores and denser microstructure than the Cu coating. The coating demonstrates a relatively low deposition efficiency, resulting in the attainment of only 3.8 vol% of AlN when the feedstock AlN powder content was 30 vol%. The microhardness of Cu-3.8AlN coating is 159.7 HV, about 53.1% higher than that of Cu coating. The specific wear rate of Cu-3.8AlN coating is reduced by about 73.5% compared to that of Cu coating, measuring at 1.69 × 10−3 mm3/(N·m). Compared with other coatings, Cu-3.8AlN has the highest corrosion resistance (Ecorr = −0.199 V, Icorr = 1.2 μA/cm2, Rct = 3200 Ω·cm2). The Cu-3.8AlN coating exhibits superior wear and corrosion resistance among the four coatings, attributed to its highest level of densification and the presence of AlN particles.

Regeneration of adsorption saturated activated carbon by traditional electrochemical technology has the advantages of high regeneration efficiency and no mass loss of activated carbon, but it has defects such as low mineralization efficiency, generation of toxic by-products, and high energy consumption. Electrochemical advanced oxidation(E-AOP) regeneration technology can effectively overcome the problems of traditional electrochemical regeneration. In this paper, the regeneration efficiency and mechanism of activated carbon by traditional electrochemical are briefly described, and the effects of operating parameters (current, electrolyte type and concentration, regeneration location,anode material, etc.) on the desorption-adsorption balance and the mineralization efficiency of pollutants are analyzed. The mechanism and application of three types of E-AOP regeneration technologies(electro-Fenton regeneration, electro-peroxone regeneration, and electro-persulfate regeneration) in the process of activated carbon regeneration are summarized. The electric-Fenton regeneration technology has better regeneration effect, and the problem of metal ion pollution in the system can be effectively overcome by new regeneration. The electro-peroxone regeneration technology does not require the addition of any chemicals and catalysts, which is conducive to the control of reaction conditions and automation of the regeneration process. The electro-persulfate regeneration technology is convenient in operation with low energy consumption and wide applicability. Finally, the problems and development prospects of E-AOP regeneration technology are proposed. This review provides theoretical basis for the development of new efficient and environmentally friendly activated carbon regeneration technologies.

To meet the use needs of LNG fuel tanks and storage tanks， the key process control of steel-making and rolling of 9Ni steel were carried， and the influence of two-phase area heat-treatment processes and Nb microalloying on micro⁃ structure and properties of 9Ni steel was studied. The results show that with the increase of intercritical quenching （IQ） temperature， the Yield stress（YS）， tensile strength （TS） and the ratio between YS and TS （Y/T） decreases firstly， then increases. Subsequently as the tempering temperature increases， the YS and TS gradually decrease， while the elongation increases； When the tempering temperature is 600 ℃， the YS and TS reach their lowest values， and the elongation （EL） reaches its peak. The microstructure after intercritical quenching presents distribution of large and small grains， which contributes to the reduction of Y/T ratio of steel plate. The microstructure of Nb micro-alloyed 9Ni low-temperature steel plate is mainly composed of tempered sorbite structure and 3% -8% reverse austenite. The addition of 0. 015% Nb in⁃ creases the average YS and TS of 9Ni low-temperature steel by about 50 MPa and 40 MPa， respectively. The impact ab⁃ sorption energy increases by about 40 J tested at -196 ℃.

The change of water content, mildew of Liupao tea at 35 ℃, 30 ℃, 25 ℃ and humidity of 90%, 80% and 70% were studied. The influence of temperature and humidity on water content and mildew of Liupao tea was analyzed, and the temperature and humidity conditions of Liupao tea were determined. The parameters of spore counting method applied to Liupao tea were optimized and the feasibility of spore counting method in predicting the mildew degree of Liupao tea was evaluated. The results showed that temperature below 25 ℃ and humidity below 70% were the best storage conditions for Liupao tea to prevent mildew. The increase level of spore number and the degree of mildew were synchronized. This method was feasible for rapid assessment of mildew of Liupao tea, and the critical value of the number of spores with mildew was preliminarily determined to be 30.00×107 ·g–1. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for the safe storage conditions of Liupao tea, and a new method for rapid assessment of its mildew degree.

Purposes The liquid redistributor is an important internal component of packed bed reactor. Most liquid redistributors are optimized for gas-liquid solid coexisting systems, but in the process of lithium extraction from salt lake brine by adsorption, the adsorption tower belongs to the liquid-solid system. It is necessary to research and develop new liquid redistributors to adapt to this special working condition. Methods A new type of standard elliptical head liquid redistributor is proposed, which utilizes an elliptical curved surface to achieve flow collection and a combination structure of a central circular hole and circumferential seams to achieve uniform liquid redistribution in the central area. Findings The results of computational fluid dynamic analysis show that when three circumferential seams with the size of 7 mm are arranged along the center of the ellipsoid with the diameter of 100, 200, and 290 mm outward, the liquid distribution effect is the best. Conclusions Compared with the existing structural scheme of completely cutting off wall flow in liquid redistributors, only reducing the flow area of the wall flow and using an ellipsoidal surface to guide the wall flow to the outside of the mainstream area can solve the problem of liquid flow rate in the near wall area is much lower than that of the center caused by wall viscosity, achieving full and uniform distribution of liquid.

Purposes 38CrMoAl steel is often used as pistons in a hydraulic pump, its surface performance is especially important for long-life safe working. Wear is the main failure mode of pistons in a hydraulic pump. With surface strengthening treatment, it is able to break through its performance limit and realize high performance and reliable operation of a hydraulic pump. Methods In this work, the pattern and performance on the surface of 38CrMoAl steel has been regulated by a duplex treatment of surface texturing (ST) and active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN), aiming to achieve strengthening on its surface. Dimple texture with different shapes were first prepared on 38CrMoAl steel surface by laser processing technology. 38CrMoAl steel samples with and without textured surface have been treated by ASPN. A ball-on-disc friction and wear testing machine was employed to investigate the effect of surface texture-active screen plasma nitriding duplex treatment on the tribological behavior of 38CrMoAl steel. Findings The results show that ASPN layer is mainly built up by the phases of ε-Fe2-3N, γ′-Fe4N and CrN. The ASPN layer is compact, and free of obvious cracks and holes. Meanwhile, it is found that the uniform and continuous ASPN layer consists of a white bright layer and a diffusion layer. The hardness across surface to the inside of the ASPN layer has demonstrated a gradient distribution, where the highest hardness value is detected on the surface, and the hardness decreases as the distance from the surface increases. According to the dry sliding friction results of 38CrMoAl steel related samples against Al2O3 balls, the coefficients of friction of 38CrMoAl steel and ST＋ASPN-38CrMoAl steel are 0.40 and 0.36, respectively. The ST＋ASPN-38CrMoAl steel presents a 92.5% reduction in mass loss, as compared with 38CrMoAl steel. It can be concluded that surface texturing-active screen plasma nitriding duplex treatment endows the working surface of 38CrMoAl steel with enhanced tribological performance.

Photonic-integrated circuits based on erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate on insulator has attracted broad interests with insofar various waveguide amplifiers and microlasers demonstrated. Wideband operation facilitated by the broadband absorption and emission of erbium ions necessitates the functional integration of wavelength filter and multiplexer on the same chip. Here, a low-loss wavelength division multiplexer at the resonant pumping and emission wavelengths (∼1480 nm and 1530–1560 nm) of erbium ions based on angled multimode interferometer is realized in the erbium-doped thin film lithium niobate on insulator fabricated by the photolithography assisted chemomechanical etching technique. The minimum on-chip insertion losses of the fabricated device are 20 nm is measured at the telecom C-band. Besides, direct visualization of the multimode interference pattern by the visible upconversion fluorescence of erbium ions compares well with the simulated light propagation in the multimode interferometer. Spectral tuning of the wavelength division multiplexer by structural design is also demonstrated and discussed.

BackgroundNarrative exposure therapy （NET）， an integration of narrative therapy and exposure therapy， has been shown to be effective in relieving the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）， which can help patients gain a deeper understanding of their trauma and is also considered to be quite safe. PTSD is highly prevalent in children and adolescents， while the effectiveness of NET intervention varies among the subjects.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effectiveness of NET for PTSD in children and adolescents， so as to provide references for the clinical application of NET.MethodsOn August 1， 2022， the Cochrane Library， PubMed， Web of Science， CINAHL， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， SinoMed， VIP and Wanfang database were searched from their inception to June 2022. Search was conducted with the use of a combination of medical subject heading and free text terms， and randomized controlled trials relevant to NET for PTSD in children and adolescents were collected. Then the quality of the controlled trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias （2011）， and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.ResultsNine randomized controlled trials involving 394 children and adolescents with PTSD were included. Meta-analysis showed that NET and relaxation therapy reported comparable symptom relief in PTSD patients within 1 to 3 months after intervention （SMD=0.22， 95% CI： -0.84~1.28） and at 6 months after intervention （SMD=0.21， 95% CI： -0.75~1.17）， while NET provided greater PTSD symptom relief than routine therapy both within 1 to 3 months after intervention （SMD=-0.66， 95% CI： -1.04~-0.27） and at 6 months after intervention （SMD=-0.77， 95% CI： -1.36~-0.19）， with statistically significant differences. Regarding the alleviation of depressive symptoms， the effect was similar between NET and routine therapy within 1 to 3 months after intervention （SMD=-0.39， 95% CI： -0.98~0.21） and at 6 months after intervention （SMD=-0.74， 95% CI： -2.23~0.75）. No statistical difference was demonstrated between NET and routine therapy in relieving psychological distress （SMD=-0.54， 95% CI： -2.14~1.07） and suppressing hyperorexia （SMD=-0.17， 95% CI： -0.54~0.19） 1 to 3 months after intervention.ConclusionNET yields a better outcome and a medium- and long-term effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of PTSD in children and adolescents compared with routine therapy， while it does not offer any significant advantages in improving depression symptoms， psychological distress and hyperorexia.