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Osteoclasts, the exclusive bone resorptive cells, are indispensable for bone remodeling. Hence, understanding novel signaling modulators regulating osteoclastogenesis is clinically important. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) is a master transcription factor in osteoclastogenesis, and binding of NF-κB p65 subunit to NFATc1 promoter is required for its expression. It is well-established that DNA binding activity of p65 can be regulated by various post-translational modifications, including S-nitrosation. Recent studies have demonstrated that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR)-mediated protein denitrosation participated in cell fate commitment by regulating gene transcription. However, the role of GSNOR in osteoclastogenesis remains unexplored and enigmatic. Here, we investigated the effect of GSNOR-mediated denitrosation of p65 on osteoclastogenesis. Our results revealed that GSNOR was up-regulated during osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Moreover, GSNOR inhibition with a chemical inhibitor impaired osteoclast differentiation, podosome belt formation, and bone resorption activity. Furthermore, GSNOR inhibition enhanced the S-nitrosation level of p65, precluded the binding of p65 to NFATc1 promoter, and suppressed NFATc1 expression. In addition, mouse model of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced calvarial osteolysis was employed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of GSNOR inhibitor in vivo. Our results indicated that GSNOR inhibitor treatment alleviated the inflammatory bone loss by impairing osteoclast formation in mice. Taken together, these data have shown that GSNOR activity is required for osteoclastogenesis by facilitating binding of p65 to NFATc1 promoter via promoting p65 denitrosation, suggesting that GSNOR may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of osteolytic diseases. • GSNOR is up-regulated during osteoclastogenesis in vitro. • GSNOR inhibitor N6022 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption activity. • N6022 enhances p65 S-nitrosation by inhibiting GSNOR-mediated GSNO degradation. • SNO-p65 inhibits binding of p65 to NFATc1 promoter and expression of NFATc1. • N6022 alleviates inflammatory bone loss by impairing osteoclast formation in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal modification has been proved to be an effective approach to improve the dimensional stability of wood, while different processes of thermal modification often resulted in various efficacy. In this study, the morphology, chemical structure, crystallinity, pore size distribution, and some water-related properties were investigated in order to explore the effect of different mediums (vacuum, nitrogen, steam and air) on thermally modified wood (TMW). It was found that heating medium plays an important role in thermal modification of wood. At both 180 and 210 ℃, the general severity of thermal modification is in the following order: air > steam > nitrogen > vacuum. Accordingly, the highest dimensional stability appeared in air TMW, and then steam, nitrogen, and vacuum. It seemed that the water-related properties were primarily affected by the extent of decomposition of the amorphous polysaccharides, but showed no direct relationship with the pore structure. Lignin changed greatly for TMW treated in steam at 180 ℃ and all TMW treated at 210 ℃, by showing more uniform distribution in all cell wall layers. It might be resulted from the migration of lignin fragments after depolymerization, the formation of pseudo lignin from holocellulose, and the increased relative lignin content in secondary wall. The changes on pore structure and lignin structure might have significant effect on other wood properties. • Thermal modification in air is the most severe, followed by steam, nitrogen, and vacuum. • Water-related properties of TMW were primarily affected by the decomposition of the amorphous polysaccharides. • Lignin distributed more uniformly in wood cell wall of TMW in all mediums at 210 ℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the important research components of photocatalytic research is the development of new photocatalysts, and recent studies have shown the rise of borate‐type photocatalysts. This paper focuses on the photoreduction of potassium dichromate and the photodegradation of rhodamine B by two borate composites under simulated sunlight. A coral‐like borate was obtained by sol‐gel preparation and then assembled by photodeposition with Pt nanoparticles dots or CuO particles to obtain the new composites with excellent performance. The kinetic constants of photocatalytic properties of 2 %Pt/Gd0.85Ce0.15B5O9 and 2.5 %CuO/Gd0.90Ce0.10B5O9 samples in the reduction and degradation reactions are 0.0050 min−1 and 0.0150 min−1, which are 25 and 4.2 times of the intrinsic GdB5O9 sample respectively. The results of the study indicate the research promise of developing new visible photocatalysts based on borates, especially for photocatalytic applications for pollutant removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the global population on the rise, an escalating interest exists in environmentally sustainable and friendly protein sources. Insects have emerged as multifaceted resources, viewed not only as potential food items, but also as sources of traditional medicines and proteins. This study utilized response surface methodology (RSM) to ascertain the optimal extraction conditions for proteins from Musca domestica used in toad feeding, denoted as MDPs-T. The yield of MDPs-T was elevated to 18.3% ± 0.2% under these optimized conditions. Subsequently, the particle size, ζ-potentials, and structures of MDPs-T were analyzed and compared with the proteins derived from Musca domestica fed on a normal diet (MDPs-ND). This comparative analysis utilized a range of advanced techniques, involving UV spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The outcomes have revealed a marginal disparity in the physical and chemical properties between MDPs-T and MDPs-ND. Derosination led to a reduction in the particle size of the MDPs by 10.98% to 62.81%. MDPs-T exhibited a higher proportion of low-molecular-weight components relative to MDPs-ND. Additionally, in a comparative analysis of amino acids, MDPs-T displayed a greater abundance of essential and total amino acids relative to MDPs-ND. Consequently, MDPs-T holds potential as a valuable food supplement for human consumption or as a nutrient-rich feed supplement for animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's goal is to investigate if a gob-side entry retention technique combined with a surrounding rock support system is feasible in three soft coal seams. Field engineering confirmed the results of numerical simulation tests and similar simulation tests, which were conducted in accordance with the actual geological conditions of Zhaojiazhai Mine. The following conclusions are reached after studying the technology and process parameter of the gob-side entry retaining in three soft coal seams in conjunction with theoretical calculations: the coal seam of Zhaojiazhai Coal Mine's 12 209 working face is a part of the soft coal seam, and its loose circle is approximately 1.8 m. The expansion roadway size is 3.5 m, and the potential loose circle range is 1.32 m, according to the same model and numerical simulation test. The support scheme after the expansion of the road working face is determined to be the "anchor rod + anchor cable + hydraulic lifting shed" support method. Furthermore, this article suggests a building method for the reinforcement and enlargement of gob-side entry retaining in three-soft thick coal seam by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Roadway shotcrete, advance grouting, building of a large deformation anchor cable and continuous resistance, single column lifting shed, hydraulic lifting shed, and roadway enlargement in advance are all steps in the procedure. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the deformation features of the surrounding rock in gob-side entry retention. The study highlights the significance of actively supporting the surrounding rock, fortifying the roof support, guaranteeing the stiffness compatibility between the shoulder filling body and the surrounding rock on the roof, boosting the wall's strength and stability, and enhancing the roadway's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glucose fuel cells (GFCs) leverage the implant surface as an electrode, representing an optimal approach for miniaturizing implantable power sources. A conductive hydrogel electrode membrane is crafted through in situ reduction and electrochemical co-deposition techniques by employing bacterial cellulose as a scaffold. This process enables the seamless integration of the GFC directly onto the implant surface. The integrated GFC exhibits an impressive open-circuit voltage peak of 0.894 V and a peak power density of 94.7 μW cm−2. Additionally, the fuel cell demonstrates resistance to chloride ion toxicity under simulated interstitial fluid conditions. Although performance within horse serum is moderate, the methodology presents a viable strategy for developing GFCs on implant surfaces. • Cell's cathode and anode utilize bacterial cellulose and platinum nanoparticles. • Bacterial cellulose templating and electrochemical co-deposition are utilized. • The GFC exhibits a Voc of 0.894 V, along with a power density of 94.7 μW cm−2. • The anode membrane resists chloride ion poisoning, enhancing cell stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huangqi Chifeng decoction (HQCF) combined with parsnips is a classic Chinese traditional medicine formula that has certain advantages in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. At present, there is an absence of research on the regulatory effect and mechanism of this formula on atherosclerosis (AS). The synergistic effect of Radix Saposhnikoviae (RS) in HQCF is also unclear. This study was designed to investigate the role of RS, which is designed as a guide drug for HQCF, in improving the lipid metabolism of AS. In this study, we studied the effect of HQCF on ApoE−/− mice before and after RS compatibility. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and oil red staining were used to evaluate atherosclerotic lesions and lipid accumulation in the aorta and liver, respectively. The expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and pAMPK in the aorta was measured by immunofluorescence, and AMPK and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1),fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in liver tissue were measured by Western blot analysis. Metabolomics was used to compare the changes in serum and liver metabolites of ApoE−/− mice before and after RS combination. Compared with the control group, the serum lipid levels of ApoE−/− mice increased, the aortic intima thickened with plaque formation, and liver tissue pathological changes and lipid deposition occurred. Both (HQCFT without RS)HQCS and HQCF can improve the pathological condition of tissue and regulate the blood lipid level. It was noted that HQCF could promote the phosphorylation of AMPK to activate it, inhibit the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS, reduce lipid synthesis, and inhibit ACC to promote the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids. Serum and liver metabolome results showed that HQCS and HQCF treated AS mainly by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Importantly, HQCF showed better efficacy in regulating lipid metabolism than the HQCS group. HQCF decoction reduces atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and lipid accumulation in the liver, which may regulate lipid transport and metabolic function by activating the AMPK pathway. These effects can be attributed to the guidance and synergism of RS. [Display omitted] • Radix Saposhnikoviae（RS） can guide and enhance the effect of Huangqi Chifeng Decoction on AS. • HQCF combined with RS is more effective in regulating lipid metabolism. • AMPK/SREBP-1/FAS/ACC pathway is a potential mechanism by which HQCF reverses hepatic lipid deposition in AS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a rapidly progressing neurological disorder. Currently, Medication for PD has numerous limitations. Baichanting Compound (BCT) is a Chinese herbal prescription, a Combination of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Harms, Paeonia lactiflora Pall and Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil, that was developed to treat PD and holds a national patent (ZL, 201110260536.3). To clarify the therapeutic effect of BCT on PD and explore its possible mechanism based on metabolomics and metagenomics. C57BL/6 mice were used as a control group, and α-syn transgenic C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the PD (without treatment) or BCT (with BCT treatment) group. UPLC-MS was performed to detect dopamine levels in brain tissue, while ELISA was used to determine inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and NO, and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. Fecal metabolomics was used to detect fecal metabolic profiles, screen differential metabolic markers, and predict metabolic pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis. Metagenomics was used to determine the intestinal microbial composition, and KO enrichment analysis was performed to predict the potential function of different gut microbiota. Finally, Spearman correlation analysis was used to find the possible relationships among intestinal flora, metabolic markers, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and dopamine levels. BCT increased the superoxide dismutase activity of α-Syn transgenic C57BL/6 mice (P < 0.01), decreased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, NO and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01, 0.05), and increased the release of dopamine (P < 0.01). Metabolomics results show that BCT could regulate Acetatifactor , Marvinbryantia , Faecalitalea , Anaeromassilibacillus , Anaerobium , Pseudobutyrivibrio and Lachnotalea and Acetatifactor_muris , Marvinbryantia_formatexigens , Lachnotalea sp AF33_28 , Faecalitalea sp Marseille_P3755 and Anaerobium_acetethylicum , Gemmiger sp An120 abundance to restore intestinal flora function, and reverse fecal metabolism trend, restoring the content of α-D-glucose, cytidine, L-glutamate, L-glutamine, N-acetyl-L-glutamate, raffinose and uracil. In addition, it regulates arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate, pyrimidine, galactose and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathways. BCT may regulate the composition of the gut microbiota to reverse fecal metabolism in PD mice to protect the substantia nigra and striatum from oxidative stress and inflammatory factors and ultimately play an anti-PD role. [Display omitted] • BCT mainly contains eleutheroside B, paeoniflorin, eleutheroside E, and rhynchophylline, which has potential to treat PD. • BCT reduces neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in PD mice, increases dopamine release to alleviate movement disorders. • BCT treatment of PD may be related to changes in intestinal flora and reversal of metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr.et.Maxim.)Harms(AS) is an extract of Eleutherococcus senticocus Maxim(Rupr.et.Maxim.). In modern medical interpretation, Acanthopanax senticosus can be used to treat Parkinson's disease, and a large number of modern pharmacological and clinical studies also support this application. Our study demonstrated that AS extracts can increase the activity of various antioxidant enzymes and improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in mice. The current study looked at the protective effect of Acanthopanax senticosus extracts(ASE) in preventing PD. First, the α-syn-overexpressing mice were chosen as suitable models for Parkinson's disease in vivo. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the substantia nigra. Meanwhile, TH expression in substantia nigra was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Behavioral and biochemical tests evaluated neuroprotective effects of ASE on PD mice. Subsequently, combined with proteomics and metabolomics analysis, the changes in brain proteins and metabolites in mice treated with ASE for PD were studied. Finally, Western blot was used to detect metabolome-related and proteomic proteins in the brain tissue of α-syn mice. Forty-nine common differentially expressed proteins were screened by proteomics analysis, among which 28 were significantly up-regulated,and 21 were significantly down-regulated. Metabolomics analysis showed that twenty-five potentially important metabolites were involved in the therapeutic effect of ASE on PD. Most of the different proteins and metabolites were considered to be enriched in a variety of species in metabolic pathways, including glutathione metabolism and alanine aspartate and glutamate metabolism and other pathways, which means that ASE may have molecular mechanisms to ameliorate PD dysfunction. In addition, we found that decreases in glutathione and glutathione disulfide levels may play a critical role in these systemic changes and warrant further investigation. In the glutathione metabolic pathway, ASE also acts on GPX4, GCLC and GCLM. ASE can effectively relieve behavioral symptoms of α-syn mice and relieve oxidative stress in brain tissue. These findings suggest that ASE offers a potential solution to target these pathways for the treatment of PD. [Display omitted] • ASE can effectively relieve behavioral symptoms of α-syn mice and relieve oxidative stress in brain tissue. • ASE exerts anti-PD effects by regulating metabolites and proteins. • ASE can reduce PD by activating Nrf2 pathway and regulating its related protein levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]