Search

This study designs a two-stage algorithm to address the bid generation problem of carriers when adding new vehicle routes in the presence of the existing vehicle routes to provide transportation service. To obtain the best auction combination and bid price of the carrier, a hybrid integer nonlinear programming model is introduced. According to the characteristics of the problem, a set of two-stage hybrid algorithms is proposed, innovatively integrating block coding within a genetic algorithm framework with a depth-first search approach. This integration effectively manages routing constraints, enhancing the algorithm's efficiency. The block coding and each route serve as decision variables in the set partition formula, enabling a comprehensive exploration of potential solutions. After a simulation-based analysis, the algorithm has been comprehensively validated analytically and empirically. The improvement of this research lies in the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, i.e., the ability to handle a broader range of problem scales with less time in addressing complex operator bid generation in combinatorial auctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The present study aimed to comparatively analyse the functional properties of the spray drying particles prepared from the noble scallop (Chlamys nobilis) mantle protein‐pectin hydrated mixtures. And the microstructural characteristics of the particles were assessed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electronic microscopy, and SDS‐PAGE to detect critical changes. The results showed that the solubility of enzymatically extracted protein was significantly improved by spray drying after pectin hydration (AP‐LMP and AP‐HMP), from 76.77% (AP) to 97.87% (AP‐LMP) and 97.13% (AP‐HMP), respectively. And the spray drying water‐extracted protein (HP) after pectin hydration (HP‐LMP and HP ‐HMP) exhibited a greater emulsifying property, from 103.10 m2/g (HP) to 145.55 ± 0.92 m2/g (HP‐LMP) and 200.29 ± 1.16 m2/g (HP‐HMP). The spray drying after pectin hydration had successfully enhanced emulsifying and rheological properties when compared with AP and HP. The results of SDS‐PAGE showed more protein participated in the formation of macromolecule and FT‐IR spectra demonstrated the formation of protein‐pectin spray drying particles facilitated not only by electrostatic interactions but also by covalent binding via Maillard reaction, made a closely compatible protein structure verified by the improvement of fluorescence intensity. This work is expected to provide a theoretical basic data for the development and application of scallop mantle extracted proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilayer is an effective structure to enhance magnetic properties of films. This study employs high magnetic field (HMF) and amorphous Fe–Sm under-layer to tune the magnetic properties of evaporated Co–Sm/Fe–Sm bilayer films. Various analysis methods are used to explore the relation of microstructure evolution under above conditions with magnetic performance. The results show that both the amorphous Fe–Sm under-layer and the HMF can decrease surface roughness. Further, the HMF exhibits other effects that reduces column size, increases interplanar spacing and affects interface at atomic scale. The structural variation has effect on magnetic properties of bilayer films. The amorphous Fe–Sm under-layer increases magnetization, coercivity and squareness through changing the amount of non-magnetic structure at atomic scale. Meanwhile, the HMF decreases coercivity by changing pinning via the interface variation. Both the HMF and amorphous under-layer have no influence on the anisotropy of bilayer films. These results present an effective method to tune the magnetic properties of films through amorphous under-layer and HMF. • Amorphous FeSm under-layer has effect on microstructure and magnetic performance. • High magnetic field improves magnetization by affecting non-magnetic structure. • High magnetic field decreases coercivity by changing interface pinning. • Effect of high magnetic field on squareness is smaller than that of amorphous layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to develop excellent sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection from the perspective of environmental protection and human health. Luminescent lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have many advantages such as porosity, luminescence, and structural controllability, making them very suitable as luminescent sensing materials. Based on a functional oriented strategy, novel Ln‐MOFs are successfully constructed and their structure and properties are characterized in detail. A series of vapor luminescence sensing tests have shown that Eu/Tb doped L1‐Eu0.1/Tb0.9 not only exhibits high selectivity for alcohols, especially ethanol vapor, but also has high sensitivity and extremely low detection limit (9.76 mg L−1). To the knowledge, there are no reports on ratio luminescence sensors based on Ln‐MOFs for ethanol vapor, especially those with such excellent performance. Crystal structure determination demonstrates that ethanol binds to the framework through multiple hydrogen bonding interactions, altering the energy transfer efficiency between Tb3+ and Eu3+ to achieve ratio luminescence detection. In addition, L1‐Eu0.1/Tb0.9 has good repeatability, the prepared thin film sensing material also demonstrates the advantages of portability and processability. This work can provide some experience for the development of VOCs sensing materials with better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the competitive relationship between the double amorphous phases is systematically investigated to increase the high-temperature wear resistance of the self-lubricating TiAlSiCN coating. These double amorphous phases combine the SiN x phase with high-temperature resistance and the C-related phase with a low friction coefficient. An increase in the Si content facilitates the change in the phase composition. The resultant coating exhibits an adhesion strength of 153 N, a friction coefficient of 0.24 and a hardness of 25.24 GPa upon generation of the TiAlN(C), the SiN x and the C-related phase. In this case, the TiAlSiCN coating achieves long-term self-lubrication at high temperatures with the titanium alloy friction pair. This mechanism stems from the SiN x phase replacing the portion of the easily oxidized amorphous C-related phase, which yields an enhanced high-temperature wear resistance. The cutting distance of this TiAlSiCN is 120% higher than that of the TiAlCN during the high-speed cutting of the titanium alloy. This outcome provides an effective solution for high-temperature applications of self-lubricating coatings. • Long-term self-lubricating is remained in TiAlSiCN coating by optimal Si content. • Synergistic effect of amorphous SiN x and C-related phase is solved in TiAlSiCN. • Tool life of TiAlSiCN improved 225% by comparing with that of TiAlN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The order-disorder transition (ODT) of RE zirconate (RE 2 Zr 2 O 7) has received much attention due to its potential applications in the design of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A series of high entropy RE zirconates (RE = La, Sm, Gd, Er and Lu) were designed and synthesized in order to regulate the fluorite-pyrochlore phases, and to investigate the effect of phase composition on the microstructures and performances. The results showed that the sintering temperature, as well as equivalent ion radius, played an important role in regulating the phase transformation of fluorite-pyrochlore. The coexistence of pyrochlore-fluorite phases not only can result in the decrease in grain size but also increased the lattice strain of each phase, thereby enhancing the phonon scattering and contributing to the reduction in the thermal conductivity. The CMAS corrosion resistance was mainly related to phase compositions, and the thicknesses of reaction layer decreased gradually with the increasing fluorite phase content. The results will provide theoretical guidance for the microstructural design of high entropy RE zirconates as next generation TBC materials in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Angle of grain boundaries converts to low from high by electrostatic force. • Low energy of low-angle grain boundary scatters carrier but not phonon. • Pulse current treatment provides a method to get high power factor and power density. Current applications of thermoelectric (TE) materials are limited by their low conversion efficiency. Interfacial engineering is a common way to improve TE properties. This study employed a pulsed electric field to tune the grain interfacial structure of Bi 2 Te 3 films and thereby improve their power factor. The high-angle grain boundaries of the as-deposited films were transformed into low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) by the electrostatic force of a high pulse current density. The low interfacial energy of LAGBs maintains high carrier mobility while their reduced defects result in a low carrier concentration. These effects improve the Seebeck coefficient and conductivity simultaneously, with the power factor reaching 5394.77 μW·m−1·K−2 at 513 K. In addition, the compression stress generated by LAGBs enhances phonon scattering, creating a film with the highest power density yet reported (1.31 W·m−2). This provides a method for using PEF to improve the performance of TE materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Al-CaB6 alloys were prepared by in situ melt reaction. The CaB6 particles through in situ growth are cubic with a regular shape, evenly distributed in the Al matrix. By edge-to-edge matching model’s calculation, mismatch between CaB6 particles and α-Al was ~2.34%, which is less than 6%, so CaB6 can serve as the core of α-Al nucleation. When the amount of CaB6 addition reaches 6 wt.%, hardness of the Al-CaB6 alloy reached 34.4 HV. Besides, CaB6-particle reinforced hypereutectic Al-Si composites were prepared, and the positive influence of CaB6 particles on microstructure and properties of hypereutectic Al-Si composites was studied. The CaB6 particles show significant effect on the modification of primary silicon. Owing to the addition of CaB6 particles, the hardness of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys increased and the hardness of Al-18Si-CaB6 reached 95.1 HV. The electrochemical test of the manufactured composites revealed that the corrosion resistance of Al-18Si-CaB6 composites improved as the amount of CaB6 particle content increased. This work serves as a reference for the investigation of Al and Al-Si composites reinforced with ceramic particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the electrical conductivity (EC) and mechanical properties of extruded state Al-1Si-0.6Mg-0.2Fe alloy (ES-Alloy) are enhanced through T6 heat treatment, and the underlying mechanisms are analyzed in conjunction with model calculations. Results demonstrate that the optimal heat treatment process for the ES-Alloy is 550 °C / 2 h + 230 °C / 16 h. Through the heat treatment process, the alloy's EC and ultimate tensile strength are 57.0% IACS and 247.6 MPa, respectively, which are improved by 4.6% and 54.8%, respectively. For ES-Alloy, after heat treatment, owing to reversion and recrystallization, the average grain size of the alloy is 175.9 μm and becomes 6.93 times larger. Combined with theoretical calculation, the contribution of grain boundary strengthening to the alloy's strength is only reduced by 9.1 MPa. However, the reduction of grain boundary area reduces the scattering of free electrons during the transport process, which is beneficial to improving EC. Moreover, by modifying the heat treatment parameters, nanoscale Mg 2 Si and large-size AlFeSi second phases present in the alloy keep a favorable lattice match with the Al matrix, proving that this makes the main contribution to the alloy's strength. The microstructures give consideration for both the high efficiency of electron transport and the enhancement of mechanical properties. So, it is advantageous for the improvement of EC and mechanical properties. • 550 °C/2 h + 230 °C/16 h balances alloy's electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. • Second phase strengthening contributes more to alloy's strength than grain boundary. • High angle grain boundary and β" phase are useful to improve electrical conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three kinds of high entropy (Y 0.25 Sc 0.25 Er 0.25 Yb 0.25) 2 Si 2 O 7 , (Y 0.2 Sc 0.2 Er 0.2 Yb 0.2 Lu 0.2) 2 Si 2 O 7 and (Y 0.2 Sc 0.2 Er 0.2 Yb 0.2 Gd 0.2) 2 Si 2 O 7 were designed and synthesized in order to investigate the relation of microstructures and CMAS corrosion resistance. At low temperature of 1300 °C, lattice distortion played a crucial role in resistance to CMAS corrosion, and larger lattice distortion contributed to CMAS corrosion resistance. However, the corrosion behavior at 1500 °C was related to the equivalent ionic radius and RE species. The smaller equivalent ionic radius tended to promote the re-precipitation of high entropy RE disilicate in residual CMAS glass rather than apatite. The results will provide theoretical guidance for the microstructural design of high entropy RE disilicate and selection of RE elements in future. • High entropy ceramics were synthesized by solid state reaction method. • (Y 0.2 Sc 0.2 Er 0.2 Yb 0.2 Gd 0.2) 2 Si 2 O 7 ceramics had a maximum lattice distortion. • (Y 0.2 Sc 0.2 Er 0.2 Yb 0.2 Gd 0.2) 2 Si 2 O 7 presented a best CMAS corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-lubricating TiAlTaCN coating with high-temperature resistance above 800 °C is developed using magnetron sputtering. This mechanism stems from the TaN phase is easily oxidized to form a protective Ta 2 O 5 that compensates for the insufficient antioxidant capacity of Al 2 O 3. Moreover, the TaC phase, being resistant to oxidation, contributes to achieving the self-lubrication effect with amorphous C-related phases. The cutting distance of the TiAlTaCN is 250% greater than that of the TiAlCN during the high-speed cutting of titanium alloy. These results reveal the oxidation mechanism of different carbon nitrides and provide a new solution for the self-lubricating coatings applied at high temperatures. • A new high-temperature resistant (800 °C) self-lubricating (COF=0.27) TiAlTaCN nanocomposite coating was prepared. • The Ta addition inhibits the phase transition and increases the high thermal stability from 600 °C to 1000 °C. • The wear rate of the TiAlTaCN is 38.7% lower than that of the TiAlCN at 600 °C. • The cutting distance of the TiAlTaCN is 250% higher than the TiAlCN during the high-speed cutting of titanium alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel rare earth monosilicates (xRE 1/x) 2 SiO 5 (RE=Yb, Tm, Er, Y, Dy and Tb, x = 2–6) were prepared in order to establish the relationship between configurational entropy and lattice distortion, and the effect of configurational entropy on their properties was investigated. The results showed that the lattice distortion of (xRE 1/x) 2 SiO 5 increased gradually with the increase of configurational entropy, but the multi-principal component solid solution tended to form a highly symmetrical crystal structure when the configurational entropy was large enough, thus inhibiting the lattice distortion. (5RE 1/5) 2 SiO 5 had a maximum lattice distortion, which leaded to a relatively low thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, and good CMAS corrosion resistance. • The effect of configurational entropy on microstructure and properties was investigated. • (5RE 0.2) 2 SiO 5 ceramic had a maximum lattice distortion. • (5RE 0.2) 2 SiO 5 ceramic presented the relatively good thermal properties and CMAS corrosion resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]