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Geological mapping involves the identification of elements such as rocks, soils, and surface water, which are fundamental tasks in Geological Environment Remote Sensing (GERS) interpretation. High-precision intelligent interpretation technology can not only reduce labor requirements and significantly improve the efficiency of geological mapping but also assist geological disaster prevention assessment and resource exploration. However, the high interclass similarity, high intraclass variability, gradational boundaries, and complex distributional characteristics of GERS elements coupled with the difficulty of manual labeling and the interference of imaging noise, all limit the accuracy of DL-based methods in wide-area GERS interpretation. We propose a Transformer-based multi-stage and multi-scale fusion network, RSWFormer (Rock–Soil–Water Network with Transformer), for geological mapping of spatially large areas. RSWFormer first uses a Multi-stage Geosemantic Hierarchical Sampling (MGHS) module to extract geological information and high-dimensional features at different scales from local to global, and then uses a Multi-scale Geological Context Enhancement (MGCE) module to fuse geological semantic information at different scales to enhance the understanding of contextual semantics. The cascade of the two modules is designed to enhance the interpretation and performance of GERS elements in geologically complex areas. The high mountainous and hilly areas located in western China were selected as the research area. A multi-source geological remote sensing dataset containing diverse GERS feature categories and complex lithological characteristics, Multi-GL9, is constructed to fill the significant gaps in the datasets required for extensive GERS. Using overall accuracy as the evaluation index, RSWFormer achieves 92.15% and 80.23% on the Gaofen-2 and Landsat-8 datasets, respectively, surpassing existing methods. Experiments show that RSWFormer has excellent performance and wide applicability in geological mapping tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a highly endothermic process, with its development hindered by the harsh thermocatalytic conditions required. We propose an innovative DRM approach utilizing a 16 W pulsed laser in combination with a cost-effective Mo2C catalyst, enabling DRM under milder conditions. The pulsed laser serves a dual function by inducing localized high temperatures and generating *CH plasma on the Mo2C surface. This activates CH4 and CO2, significantly accelerating the DRM reaction. Notably, the laser directly generates *CH plasma from CH4 through thermionic emission and cascade ionization, bypassing the traditional step-by-step dehydrogenation process and eliminating the rate-limiting step of methane cracking. This method maintains a carbon-oxygen balanced environment, thus preventing the deactivation of the Mo2C catalyst due to CO2 oxidation. The laser-catalytic DRM achieves high yields of H2 (14300.8 mmol h−1 g−1) and CO (14949.9 mmol h−1 g−1) with satisfactory energy efficiency (0.98 mmol kJ−1), providing a promising alternative for high-energy-consuming catalytic systems. Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a highly endothermic process, often limited by the severe thermocatalytic conditions it demands. Here the authors introduce a novel DRM method that employs a 16 W pulsed laser along with a cost-effective Mo2C catalyst, allowing DRM to proceed under milder conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have indicated that monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) can be a reliable indicator of various diseases. However, the association between MHR and gallstone prevalence remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore any potential association between MHR and gallstone prevalence. Methods: This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–March 2020. MHR was calculated as the monocyte count ratio to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Multiple logistic regression models, Cochran-Armitage trend test, and subgroup analyses were used to examine the association between MHR and gallstones. Results: This study included 5907 participants, of whom 636 (10.77%) were gallstone formers. The study participants had a mean age of 50.78 ± 17.33 years. After accounting for multiple covariables, the multiple logistic regression model showed a positive linear association between MHR and gallstone odds. The subgroup analyses and interaction testing results revealed that the association between MHR and gallstones was statistically different across strata, including sex, smoking, asthma, and hypertension. Conclusions: Gallstone prevalence positively associated with elevated MHR, indicating that MHR can be employed as a clinical indicator to assess gallstone prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algebraic topology has proved to be a useful tool in the study of distributed computing. In this paper, we take a geometric realization problem that arises in distributed computing and formulate it as a more general problem in algebraic topology. We go on to give solutions in some initial cases, show that a modified problem has solutions in a wider range of cases, and relate the solutions back to distributed computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photothermal CO 2 methanation reaction represents a promising strategy for addressing CO 2 -related environmental issues. The presence of efficient tandem catalytic sites with a localized high-temperature is an effective pathway to enhance the performance of CO 2 methanation. Here the bimetallic RuCo nanoparticles anchored on ZrO 2 fiber cotton (RuCo/ZrO 2 ) as a photothermal catalyst for CO 2 methanation are prepared. A significant photothermal CO 2 methanation performance with optimal CH 4 selectivity (99%) and rate (169.93 mmol g cat -1 h -1 ) is achieved. The photothermal energy of the RuCo bimetallic nanoparticles, confined by the infrared insulation and low thermal conductivity of the ZrO 2 fiber cotton (ZrO 2 FC), provides a localized high-temperature. In situ spectroscopic experiments on RuCo/ZrO 2 , Ru/ZrO 2 , and Co/ZrO 2 indicate that the construction of tandem catalytic sites, where the Co site favors CO 2 conversion to CO while incorporating Ru enhances CO * adsorption for subsequent hydrogenation, results in a higher selectivity toward CH 4 . This work opens a new insight into designing tandem catalysts with a photothermal confinement effect in CO 2 methanation reaction., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)