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Coseismic landslides have the potential to cause catastrophic disasters. Thus, it is of crucial importance to conduct a comprehensive regional assessment of susceptibility to coseismic landslides. This study rigorously interprets 13,759 coseismic landslides triggered by the 2022 Luding earthquake within the seismic zone. Employing the Newmark method, we systematically assess the susceptibility to coseismic landslides through the application of six distinct displacement regression models. The efficacy of these models is validated against the actual landslide inventory using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A hazard map of coseismic landslides is generated based on the displacement regression model with the highest degree of fit. The results show that Moxi Town, Detuo Town, the flanks of the Daduhe River, Wandonghe River, Hailuogou River, and Yanzigou River are high-susceptibility areas for coseismic landslides. This study explores factors influencing model fit, revealing that the inclusion of the epicentral distance and the distance to the seismogenic fault in displacement prediction enhances model performance. Nevertheless, in close proximity to fault zones, the distance to the seismogenic fault exerts a more significant influence on the spatial distribution density of coseismic landslides compared to the epicentral distance. Conversely, in regions situated further from fault zones, the epicentral distance has a greater impact on the spatial distribution density of coseismic landslides compared to the distance to the seismogenic fault. These findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of coseismic landslide susceptibility and offer valuable insights for future Newmark method-based coseismic landslide displacement calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When does society eventually learn the truth, or take the correct action, via observational learning? In a general model of sequential learning over social networks, we identify a simple condition for learning dubbed excludability. Excludability is a joint property of agents' preferences and their information. We develop two classes of preferences and information that jointly satisfy excludability: (i) for a one‐dimensional state, preferences with single‐crossing differences and a new informational condition, directionally unbounded beliefs; and (ii) for a multi‐dimensional state, intermediate preferences and subexponential location‐shift information. These applications exemplify that with multiple states, "unbounded beliefs" is not only unnecessary for learning, but incompatible with familiar informational structures like normal information. Unbounded beliefs demands that a single agent can identify the correct action. Excludability, on the other hand, only requires that a single agent must be able to displace any wrong action, even if she cannot take the correct action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By establishing an evaluation system for emergency management capability for coal mine enterprises, the problems and shortfalls in coal mine emergency management can be identified. Moreover, this evaluation method holds promise in enhancing the ability to respond to emergencies in coal mines. The current research conducts both theoretical analysis and field research to determine and extract 26 factors that impact the emergency management capability of coal mining companies. The collected data is analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 and undergoes reliability and validity assessments. Subsequently, the entropy weight technique is utilized to determine the weight of individual evaluation system indices. As an effective evaluation tool, the trained convolutional neural network (CNN) model can accurately and effectively predict the satisfaction of the samples outside the training sample set, providing suggestions for improving coal mine emergency management. The trained model is employed to make empirical predictions and analyze the XY coal mine. The findings indicate that the overall emergency management capacity of the coal mine is II, which is at a good level. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation, and suggestions are provided for improving the emergency management ability of coal mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the Fast Fruit 3D Detector (FF3D), a novel framework that contains a 3D neural network for fruit detection and an anisotropic Gaussian-based next-best view estimator. The proposed one-stage 3D detector, which utilizes an end-to-end 3D detection network, shows superior accuracy and robustness compared to traditional 2D methods. The core of the FF3D is a 3D object detection network based on a 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) followed by an anisotropic Gaussian-based next-best view estimation module. The innovative architecture combines point cloud feature extraction and object detection tasks, achieving accurate real-time fruit localization. The model is trained on a large-scale 3D fruit dataset and contains data collected from an apple orchard. Additionally, the proposed next-best view estimator improves accuracy and lowers the collision risk for grasping. Thorough assessments on the test set and in a simulated environment validate the efficacy of our FF3D. The experimental results show an AP of 76.3%, an AR of 92.3%, and an average Euclidean distance error of less than 6.2 mm, highlighting the framework's potential to overcome challenges in orchard environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing stable and highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media holds significant importance for proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis. Here, we report a carbon-protected, low Ru-doped cobalt oxide nanosheet array electrode (C–Ru–Co3O4) for acid OER. The doping of Ru adjusts the electronic structure, optimizing the adsorption of reaction intermediates. Additionally, amorphous carbon, derived from polydopamine, effectively inhibits the overoxidation of Ru–Co3O4. Furthermore, the sheetlike structure and strong interplay between the catalyst and support promote mass and charge transfer while extending the long-term durability. Compared to Co3O4 and commercial RuO2 catalysts, C–Ru–Co3O4 catalyst exhibits enhanced OER performance and stability. The optimized catalyst shows an overpotential of 252 mV at 10 mA cm–2 and can operate continuously in acidic media for more than 30 h, while the activity of commercial RuO2 sharply decreases within 1 h. Notably, C–Ru–Co3O4 also exhibits good hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, with an overpotential of 125 mV at 10 mA cm–2. Furthermore, the acid water splitting electrolyzer, based on bifunctional C–Ru–Co3O4, can be effectively driven by a solar panel, revealing its potential for converting solar energy into clean chemical energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender affirmation may reduce stigma and gender-based discrimination that drive increased behaviors that can lead to HIV in transgender women (TW). For many TW, vaginoplasty is gender affirming, yet has not been previously evaluated with regard to likelihood of HIV. This pilot study of TW aimed to evaluate the influence of gender-affirming vaginoplasty on stigma and the drivers of HIV acquisition. Adult TW without HIV were recruited. Interviewer-administered surveys were used to assess demographics, gender identity stigma, psychosocial factors, importance of and satisfaction with gender affirmation, and behaviors that increase the likelihood of HIV in TW who had either undergone gender-affirming vaginoplasty (TWWV) or who had not (TWWOV). Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Thirty TW without HIV (19–83 years old) participated (TWWV = 10; TWWOV = 20). The majority identified with ethnic minority groups (n = 21, 70%) and on gender-affirming hormone therapy (n = 25, 83%). Gender identity stigma (38.0; 32.15, p = .03) and social oppression (53.6; 39.4, p = .05) scores were significantly higher among TWWV compared with TWWOV. Satisfaction with body (3.10; 1.95, p = .01), appearance (3.10; 2.10, p = .02), and femininity (3.40; 2.25, p = .001) were higher among TWWV than TWWOV. Present (n = 8, 27%) and past (n = 16, 53%) survival sex work, multiple sex partners (n = 16, 53%), and receptive condomless anal intercourse (n = 10, 33%) were reported but did not vary significantly between groups. Behaviors that may lead to HIV acquisition and their underlying drivers, including gender identity stigma, are present after gender-affirming vaginoplasty. As this procedure continues to increase among TW, interventions to mitigate chances of HIV acquisition are critically needed in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elastic mechanical behaviour of materials is very important to the design and service safety evaluation of mechanical load components. In order to accurately measure the elastic mechanical behaviour of metal structures with a non-destructive testing way, a dual-mode bulk-wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is developed for both ultrasonic longitudinal wave and shear wave measurement. The elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of metals are directly obtained with the velocities of the longitudinal and shear waves. In order to improve the efficiency of electromagnetic acoustic transducer, the electromagnetic acoustic parameters were characterised and optimised by numerical simulation. The results show that the developed dual-mode EMAT can successfully excite and receive longitudinal and shear waves, and the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of different materials (copper, aluminium and steel) obtained through experiments using the developed dual-mode EMAT are very close to the reference values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nondestructive testing (NDT) for damage in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is significant for the safety guarantee of gas turbine blades. As a new NDT technology, electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is widely applied for NDT of conductive structural components due to its advantages of coupling-free and high adaptability. In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted to study the wave propagation and interaction with delamination defects in TBCs inspected with a Rayleigh wave EMAT of the Lorentz force mechanism. Based on the numerical results, the wave structure in TBC, wave conversion at delamination defect, time domain EMAT signals, and its B-scan images are evaluated and the feasibility of Rayleigh wave EMAT to inspect delamination in TBCs was theoretically clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hollow Cathode Gas Flow Sputtering (GFS) provides special plasma conditions and is of extensive interest as a more affordable alternative to the high vacuum sputtering techniques. In the case of the tubular cathode a circular outlet symmetry stipulates homogeneity issues for both metallic and reactive deposition regimes. Using the results of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC), we propose an external coaxial attachment which is manufactured and examined in a nozzle and a diffuser positioning. The impact on the homogeneity of Ti and  TiO 2  films is examined using profilometry and spectral ellipsometry. Our results demonstrate that the use of the nozzle attachment significantly enhances film homogeneity from about 3  cm 2  to more than 12  cm 2 . It also secures better process control in terms of oxygen stoichiometry and film thickness. Some crucial general issues of the reactive GFS process are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the simulated nuclear waste was successfully immobilized by using aluminosilicate glass made from natural granite material without other additive agents. The neodymium-doped matrix's phase composition, microstructure, element distribution, hardness, density, indentation fracture toughness, and aqueous durability were analyzed. The results show that the samples with a neodymium content of 10 wt.% are fully vitrified and reach the maximum neodymium solubility. The silicate tetrahedra of glass networks mainly exist in sheets (Q3) and frame (Q4) units. Neodymium oxide acts as a glass modifier and destroys the sheet form and may precipitate metal elements in the matrix, resulting in a Vickers hardness of up to 8.17 GPa for this aluminosilicate glass. However, the indentation fracture toughness decreases. Moreover, NRNd is about 10−7 ~ 10−8 g·m−2·d−1 during the 28-day aqueous durability test, indicating its excellent aqueous durability. This work provides a new idea for immobilizing radionuclides via glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the simulated nuclear waste was successfully immobilized by using aluminosilicate glass made from natural granite material without other additive agents. The neodymium-doped matrix's phase composition, microstructure, element distribution, hardness, density, indentation fracture toughness, and aqueous durability were analyzed. The results show that the samples with a neodymium content of 10 wt.% are fully vitrified and reach the maximum neodymium solubility. The silicate tetrahedra of glass networks mainly exist in sheets (Q3) and frame (Q4) units. Neodymium oxide acts as a glass modifier and destroys the sheet form and may precipitate metal elements in the matrix, resulting in a Vickers hardness of up to 8.17 GPa for this aluminosilicate glass. However, the indentation fracture toughness decreases. Moreover, NRNd is about 10−7 ~ 10−8 g·m−2·d−1 during the 28-day aqueous durability test, indicating its excellent aqueous durability. This work provides a new idea for immobilizing radionuclides via glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]