Search

Abstract Background Muscle atrophy can cause muscle dysfunction and weakness. Krüppel‐like factor 13 (KLF13), a central regulator of cellular energy metabolism, is highly expressed in skeletal muscles and implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. This study investigated the role of KLF13 in muscle atrophy, which could be a novel therapeutic target. Methods The effects of gene knockdown and pharmacological targeting of KLF13 on skeletal muscle atrophy were investigated using cell‐based and animal models. Clofoctol, an antibiotic and KLF13 agonist, was also investigated as a candidate for repurposing. The mechanisms related to skeletal muscle atrophy were assessed by measuring the expression levels and activation statuses of key regulatory pathways and validated using gene knockdown and RNA sequencing. Results In a dexamethasone‐induced muscle atrophy mouse model, the KLF13 knockout group had decreased muscle strength (N) (1.77 ± 0.10 vs. 1.48 ± 0.16, P

Abstract Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the mitochondrial inner membrane is a therapeutic target in many diseases. Neural stem cells (NSCs) show progress in improving mitochondrial dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). However, translating neural stem cell-based therapies to the clinic is challenged by uncontrollable biological variability or heterogeneity, hindering uniform clinical safety and efficacy evaluations. We propose a systematic top-down design based on membrane self-assembly to develop neural stem cell-derived oxidative phosphorylating artificial organelles (SAOs) for targeting the central nervous system as an alternative to NSCs. We construct human conditionally immortal clone neural stem cells (iNSCs) as parent cells and use a streamlined closed operation system to prepare neural stem cell-derived highly homogenous oxidative phosphorylating artificial organelles. These artificial organelles act as biomimetic organelles to mimic respiration chain function and perform oxidative phosphorylation, thus improving ATP synthesis deficiency and rectifying excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Conclusively, we provide a framework for a generalizable manufacturing procedure that opens promising prospects for disease treatment.

Abstract Understanding the sex determination pathway and its disruptions in mosquitoes is critical for the effective control of disease vectors through genetic manipulations based on sex separation. When male hybrids of Aedes aegypti females and Ae. mascarensis males are backcrossed to Ae. aegypti females, a portion of the backcross progeny manifests as males with abnormal sexual differentiation. We discovered a significant correlation between pupal abnormalities and the feminization of subsequent adults exemplified by the relative abundance of ovarian and testicular tissues. All intersex individuals were genetic males as they expressed a male determining factor, Nix. Further, our analysis of the sex-specific splicing of doublesex and fruitless transcripts demonstrated the presence of both male and female splice variants indicating that sex determination is disrupted. A comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed similar expression levels of most female-associated genes in reproductive organs and carcasses between intersexual males and normal females. Moreover, intersexes had largely normal gene expression in testes but significant gene downregulation in male accessory glands when compared with normal males. We conclude that evolving hybrid incompatibilities between Ae. aegypti and Ae. mascarensis involve disruption of sex determination and are accompanied by changes in gene expression associated with sexual differentiation.

Abstract Efficiently fabricating a cavity that can achieve strong interactions between terahertz waves and matter would allow researchers to exploit the intrinsic properties due to the long wavelength in the terahertz waveband. Here we show a terahertz detector embedded in a Tamm cavity with a record Q value of 1017 and a bandwidth of only 469 MHz for direct detection. The Tamm-cavity detector is formed by embedding a substrate with an Nb5N6 microbolometer detector between an Si/air distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a metal reflector. The resonant frequency can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the substrate layer. The detector and DBR are fabricated separately, and a large pixel-array detector can be realized by a very simple assembly process. This versatile cavity structure can be used as a platform for preparing high-performance terahertz devices and opening up the study of the strong interactions between terahertz waves and matter.

TGF-β stimulates CCN2 expression which in turn amplifies TGF-β signaling. This process promotes extracellular matrix production and accelerates the pathological progression of fibrotic diseases. Alternative splicing plays an important role in multiple disease development, while U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2) is an essential factor in the early steps of pre-mRNA splicing. However, the molecular mechanism underlying abnormal CCN2 expression upon TGF-β stimulation remains unclear. This study elucidates that SIRT4 acts as a master regulator for CCN2 expression in response to TGF-β by modulating U2AF2-mediated alternative splicing. Analyses of renal biopsy specimens from patients with CKD and mouse fibrotic kidney tissues revealed marked nuclear accumulation of SIRT4. The tubulointerstitial fibrosis was alleviated by global deletion or tubular epithelial cell (TEC)-specific knockout of Sirt4, and aggravated by adeno-associated virus-mediated SIRT4 overexpression in TECs. Furthermore, SIRT4 was found to translocate from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm through the BAX/BAK pore under TGF-β stimulation. In the cytoplasm, TGF-β activated the ERK pathway and induced the phosphorylation of SIRT4 at Ser36, which further promoted its interaction with importin α1 and subsequent nuclear translocation. In the nucleus, SIRT4 was found to deacetylate U2AF2 at K413, facilitating the splicing of CCN2 pre-mRNA to promote CCN2 protein expression. Importantly, exosomes containing anti-SIRT4 antibodies were found to effectively mitigate the UUO-induced kidney fibrosis in mice. Collectively, these findings indicated that SIRT4 plays a role in kidney fibrosis by regulating CCN2 expression via the pre-mRNA splicing.

Background Abnormalities in mitochondrial structure or function are closely related to the development of malignant tumors. Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming provides precursor substances and energy for the vital activities of tumor cells, so that cancer cells can rapidly adapt to the unfavorable environment of hypoxia and nutrient deficiency. Mitochondria can enable tumor cells to gain the ability to proliferate, escape immune responses, and develop drug resistance by altering constitutive junctions, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial subcellular relocalization. This greatly reduces the rate of effective clinical control of tumors. Purpose Explore the major role of mitochondria in cancer, as well as targeted mitochondrial therapies and mitochondria-associated markers. Conclusions This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the various aspects of mitochondrial aberrations and addresses drugs that target mitochondrial therapy, providing a basis for clinical mitochondria-targeted anti-tumor therapy.

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers in most developed countries, with many patients developing chemotherapy resistance leaving them with a 5-year survival rate of

Abstract Frequency combs, specialized laser sources emitting multiple equidistant frequency lines, have revolutionized science and technology with unprecedented precision and versatility. Recently, integrated frequency combs are emerging as scalable solutions for on-chip photonics. Here, we demonstrate a fully integrated superconducting microcomb that is easy to manufacture, simple to operate, and consumes ultra-low power. Our turnkey apparatus comprises a basic nonlinear superconducting device, a Josephson junction, directly coupled to a superconducting microstrip resonator. We showcase coherent comb generation through self-started mode-locking. Therefore, comb emission is initiated solely by activating a DC bias source, with power consumption as low as tens of picowatts. The resulting comb spectrum resides in the microwave domain and spans multiple octaves. The linewidths of all comb lines can be narrowed down to 1 Hz through a unique coherent injection-locking technique. Our work represents a critical step towards fully integrated microwave photonics and offers the potential for integrated quantum processors.

Abstract Background Inappropriate eating behaviors, particularly a lack of food diversity and poor diet quality, have a significant impact on the prognosis of certain chronic conditions and exacerbate these conditions in the community-dwelling elderly population. Current dietary interventions for the elderly have not adequately considered the nutritional needs associated with multiple chronic conditions and personal dietary preferences of elderly individuals. A personalized recommendation system has been recognized as a promising approach to address this gap. However, its effectiveness as a component of an elderly-targeted dietary intervention in real-world settings remains unknown. Additionally, it is unclear whether this intervention approach will be user-friendly for the elderly. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of a personalized meal recommendation system designed to improve dietary behavior in community-dwelling elders. The implementation process in terms of System usability and satisfaction will also be assessed. Methods The trial has been designed as a 6-month, non-blinded, parallel two-arm trial. One hundred fifty community-dwelling elders who meet the eligibility criteria will be enrolled. Subjects will be allocated to either the intervention group, receiving personalized meal recommendations and access to corresponding food provided as one component of the intervention, as well as health education on elder nutrition topics, or the control group, which will receive nutritional health education lectures. Outcomes will be measured at three time points: baseline at 0 months, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcomes will include dietary diversity (DDS) and diet quality (CDGI-E) of enrolled community-dwelling elders, representing their dietary behavior improvement, along with dietary behavior adherence to recommended meals. Secondary outcomes will measure the perceived acceptability and usability of the personalized meal recommendation system for the intervention group. Exploratory outcomes will include changes in the nutritional status and anthropometric measurements of the community-dwelling elders. Discussion This study aims to examine the effectiveness, acceptability, and usability of a personalized meal recommendation system as a data-driven dietary intervention to benefit community-dwelling elders. The successful implementation will inform the future development and integration of digital health strategies in daily nutrition support for the elderly. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300074912. Registered on August 20, 2023, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=127583

Microring resonators have been widely used in passive optical devices such as wavelength division multiplexers, differentiators, and integrators. Research on terahertz (THz) components has been accelerated by these photonics technologies. Compact and integrated time-domain differentiators that enable low-loss, high-speed THz signal processing are necessary for THz applications. In this study, an on-chip THz temporal differentiator based on all-silicon photonic technology was developed. This device primarily consisted of a microring waveguide resonator and was packaged with standard waveguide compatibility. It performed time-domain differentiation on input signals at a frequency of 405.45 GHz with an insertion loss of 2.5 dB and a working bandwidth of 0.36 GHz. Various periodic waveforms could be handled by this differentiator. This device could work as an edge detector, which detected step-like edges in high-speed input signals through differential effects. This development holds significant promise for future THz data processing technologies and THz communication systems.

Intestinal obstruction, a rare manifestation of immunotherapy-related gastrointestinal adverse events, can be severe and even life-threatening with intestinal perforation. We present a 64-year-old man with HCC and currently under the therapy with Pembrolizumab, who was admitted in our hospital with abdominal distension. Radiologic findings were consistent with small bowel ileus. After conservative treatment, the patient underwent colonoscopy where no cause of ileus was discovered. The patient received high-dose prednisone due to the side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This resulted in a gradual improvement of symptoms.

Abstract The metasurface platform with time-varying characteristics has emerged as a promising avenue for exploring exotic physics associated with Floquet materials and for designing photonic devices like linear frequency converters. However, the limited availability of materials with ultrafast responses hinders their applications in the terahertz range. Here we present a time-varying metasurface comprising an array of superconductor-metal hybrid meta-molecules. Each meta-molecule consists of two meta-atoms that are “bonded” together by double superconducting microbridges. Through experimental investigations, we demonstrate high-efficiency linear terahertz frequency conversion by rapidly breaking the bond using a coherent ultrashort terahertz pump pulse. The frequency and relative phase of the converted wave exhibit strong dependence on the pump-probe delay, indicating phase controllable wave conversion. The dynamics of the meta-molecules during the frequency conversion process are comprehensively understood using a time-varying coupled mode model. This research not only opens up new possibilities for developing innovative terahertz sources but also provides opportunities for exploring topological dynamics and Floquet physics within metasurfaces.

$p,q,r-$ spherical fuzzy ( $p,q,r-$ SF) sets are a significant advancement in fuzzy set (FS) theory, providing an effective way to describe hesitation inside a set. This development goes beyond membership degrees (MDs) by incorporating three parameters (p, q and r) that shape and define the spread of FS. The presence of these parameters makes $p,q,r-$ SF sets ideal for dealing with complicated decision-making (DM) scenarios in a wide range of applications. In this paper, we proposed a new reliable method for smart DM in logo design projects that uses $p,q,r-$ SF Einstein aggregation operators (AOs). First, we present the $p,q,r-$ SF Einstein operators, which are accomplished of capturing the relationship and interrelationship of numerous criteria while making decisions on logo design, including originality, relevance, beauty, and usability. Next, we use the proposed framework, a multi-criteria decision analysis tool, to rank the choices. We demonstrate the practical application and efficiency of our method in a scenario in which a team of three designers is entrusted with developing five different logo styles for diverse enterprises. Moreover, we compare proposed procedure with some existing methods, demonstrating its advantages in terms of precision and reliability.

Abstract Classical and quantum space-to-ground communications necessitate highly sensitive receivers capable of extracting information from modulated photons to extend the communication distance from near-earth orbits to deep space explorations. To achieve gigabit data rates while mitigating strong background noise photons and beam drift in a highly attenuated free-space channel, a comprehensive design of a multi-functional detector is indispensable. In this study, we present an innovative compact multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array that integrates near-unity detection efficiency (91.6%), high photon counting rate (1.61 Gcps), large dynamic range for resolving different photon numbers (1–24), and four-quadrant position sensing function all within one device. Furthermore, we have constructed a communication testbed to validate the advantages offered by such an architecture. Through 8-PPM (pulse position modulation) format communication experiments, we have achieved an impressive maximum data rate of 1.5 Gbps, demonstrating sensitivities surpassing previous benchmarks at respective speeds. By incorporating photon number information into error correction codes, the receiver can tolerate maximum background noise levels equivalent to 0.8 photons/slot at a data rate of 120 Mbps—showcasing a great potential for daylight operation scenarios. Additionally, preliminary beam tracking tests were conducted through open-loop scanning techniques, which revealed clear quantitative dependence indicating sensitivity variations based on beam location. Based on the device characterizations and communication results, we anticipate that this device architecture, along with its corresponding signal processing and coding techniques, will be applicable in future space-to-ground communication tasks.

Partially cable-stayed bridges have the characteristics of continuous rigid-frame bridges and cable-stayed bridges, making them a novel composite bridge system. This study focuses on the construction project of a multi-tower high-pier curved partially cable-stayed bridge to investigate the bridge’s stability during construction. The Midas/Civil software was used to establish a model for key construction stages of the bridge, considering structural linear elasticity and geometric nonlinearity. The study examines the impact of static wind loads, asymmetric construction of the main girder, closure sequence, and the load and detachment of the hanging basket on the bridge’s stability during construction. The results indicate that static wind loads have a significant impact on structural geometric nonlinearity, with a maximum reduction of 4.99%. Asymmetric construction at both ends of the main girder can cause structural instability and should be avoided. The geometric nonlinearity stability coefficient for the hanging basket load decreased by 10.83% during the maximum no-cable stage and by 7.84% during the cable stage, significantly affecting the stability during construction. A bridge closure sequence of side-span, secondary midspan, and midspan provides the most stable condition during the construction phase. The results of this study can inform the construction of similar partially cable-stayed bridges.

Epsilon toxin (ETX), a potential agent of biological and toxic warfare, causes the death of many ruminants and threatens human health. It is crucial to understand the toxic mechanism of such a highly lethal and rapid course toxin. In this study, we detected the effects of ETX on the proteome and phosphoproteome of MDCK cells after 10 min and 30 min. A total of 44 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 588 differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) were screened in the 10 min group, while 73 DEPs and 489 DPPs were screened in the 30 min group. ETX-induced proteins and phosphorylated proteins were mainly located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, and their enrichment pathways were related to transcription and translation, virus infection, and intercellular junction. Meanwhile, the protein–protein interaction network screened out several hub proteins, including SRSF1/2/6/7/11, SF3B1/2, NOP14/56, ANLN, GTPBP4, THOC2, and RRP1B. Almost all of these proteins were present in the spliceosome pathway, indicating that the spliceosome pathway is involved in ETX-induced cell death. Next, we used RNAi lentiviruses and inhibitors of several key proteins to verify whether these proteins play a critical role. The results confirmed that SRSF1, SF3B2, and THOC2 were the key proteins involved in the cytotoxic effect of ETX. In addition, we found that the common upstream kinase of these key proteins was SRPK1, and a reduction in the level of SRPK1 could also reduce ETX-induced cell death. This result was consistent with the phosphorylated proteomics analysis. In summary, our study demonstrated that ETX induces phosphorylation of SRSF1, SF3B2, THOC2, and SRPK1 proteins on the spliceosome pathway, which inhibits normal splicing of mRNA and leads to cell death.

Background: Patients with unprotected left main (UPLM) disease who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were found to have inconsistent results compared to those treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: We identified and enrolled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs) comparing PCI versus CABG for UPLM disease. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0. The primary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs). Additionally, all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and stent thrombosis (ST) were included as secondary endpoints. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were implemented if I2 > 50% or p < 0.01. Publication bias analysis was conducted if more than 10 studies were included. Results: A total of 5 RCTs and 18 OSs involving 35,409 patients were included. The CABG strategy had a significantly lower incidence of MACCEs, primarily due to TVR. A significantly lower stroke rate was observed with the PCI strategy, as well as a significantly lower all-cause death, cardiac death, MI, and ST rate compared with the CABG strategy. Conclusions: MACCE rates were significantly lower in patients who underwent CABG, primarily due to TVR, but stroke rates were higher. RCTs with different study types need further investigation to confirm the most effective strategy.

Abstract Photoacid generators (PAGs) are compounds capable of producing hydrogen protons (H+) upon irradiation, including irreversible and reversible PAGs, which have been widely studied in photoinduced polymerization and degradation for a long time. In recent years, the applications of PAGs in the biomedical field have attracted more attention due to their promising clinical value. So, an increasing number of novel PAGs have been reported. In this review, the recent progresses of PAGs for biomedical applications is systematically summarized, including tumor treatment, antibacterial treatment, regulation of protein folding and unfolding, control of drug release and so on. Furthermore, a concept of water‐dependent reversible photoacid (W‐RPA) and its antitumor effect are highlighted. Eventually, the challenges of PAGs for clinical applications are discussed.

In this study, the loess hill site of an elevated bridge section in Tongwei-Qin’an of the Baolan high-speed railroad was selected as the research object, and the vibration acceleration of the loess hill site under the elevated bridge was tested in the field under the train operating load. The results show that under the same intensity of train load, the time range of vibration acceleration observed by field test and numerical simulation decays linearly with increasing distance from the source, while the amplification effect appears in the loess hill site at a greater distance, and the vibration duration also appears to increase. The vibration acceleration waveforms at each observation point observed by field tests and numerical simulations are similar, and the peak vertical acceleration at each observation point obtained from numerical simulations is overall greater than the peak acceleration at each point obtained from field tests, with aSimulated− max/aObservated− max values ranging from 1.04 to 1.63. The Fourier spectrum frequencies recorded by numerical simulation and field test are mainly concentrated in the range of 1∼40 Hz, but the difference between the main frequencies recorded by the two is large. The main frequency of the energy spectrum recorded by the numerical simulation is around 15 Hz, which is the same as the main frequency of the energy spectrum vibration of the input vibration wave, and the main frequency of the energy spectrum vibration recorded by the field test is around 25 Hz.

Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin (CPA), which causes yellow lamb disease in sheep and gas gangrene and food poisoning in humans, is produced by all types of C. perfringens and is the major virulence determinant of C. perfringens type A. CPA induces hemolysis in many species, including humans, murines, sheep and rabbits, through its enzymatic activity, which dissolves the cell membrane. Recent studies have shown that some pore-forming toxins cause hemolysis, which is achieved by the activation of purinergic receptors (P2). However, the relationship between P2 receptors and non-pore-forming toxin hemolysis has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the function of P2 receptors in CPA toxin hemolysis and found that CPA-induced hemolysis was dependent on P2 receptor activation, and this was also true for Staphylococcus aureus β-Hemolysin, another non-pore-forming toxin. Furthermore, we use selective P2 receptor antagonists to demonstrate that P2X1 and P2X7 play important roles in the hemolysis of human and murine erythrocytes. In addition, we found that redox metabolism was mainly involved in CPA-induced hemolysis using metabolomic analysis. We further demonstrate that CPA activates P2 receptors and then activates NADPH oxidase through the PI3K/Akt and MEK1/ERK1 pathways, followed by the production of active oxygen to induce hemolysis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathological effects of CPA, clarify the relationship between P2 activation and non-pore-forming toxin-induced hemolysis, and provide new insights into CPA-induced hemolysis.

Food poisoning caused by Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) is prevalent globally, making efficient detection of these toxins very important. Traditionally, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry required immunosorbent enrichment by magnetic bead-coupled antibodies obtained by animal-specific immunization. However, this method is time-consuming and costly. In this study, two recombinant protein capture molecules were designed based on the principle of toxins binding to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHCII) and T cell receptor (TCR) molecules. The two capture molecules are called MHCII and MHCII-D10. The design of the MHCII and TCR-D10 was achieved through searching for the binding site protein sequence of Staphylococcal enterotoxins in the relevant literature, and MHCII-D10 was to link MHCII sequence with TCR-D10 sequence using linker (G4S)3 linking peptide. These capture molecules were shown to effectively bind to seven types of toxins and to capture SEs in various matrices. The digestion time, ratio, and temperature were further optimized, reducing the overall digestion time to just 2 h. The specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision (RSD%), and recovery of the two methods were verified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. When the MHCII and MHCII-D10 captured the toxins, the limit of quantification (LOD) in the 1 × PBS, plasma, and milk matrices ranged from 1.5625 to 100 fmol/µL, with the recovery rate ranging from 18.4% to 96%. The design of these capture molecules eliminates the need for animal-specific immunization, simplifying the pre-detection process and avoiding ethical concerns. This development holds significant promise for clinical diagnosis and reference.

This study aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram to predict the risk of non-infectious fever (NIF) in patients following laparoscopic myomectomy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy between 2019 and 2023. Pertinent variables before, during, and after surgery were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent risk factors for postoperative NIF, from which a nomogram was constructed. The study included 576 patients, among whom 64 (11.1%) developed postoperative NIF. Multivariate analysis identified leiomyoma size, number of leiomyomas, preoperative hemoglobin levels, operative time, and estimated blood loss as independent risk factors for postoperative NIF. A predictive nomogram model incorporating these factors demonstrated good accuracy following internal validation. The developed nomogram represents the first tool tailored for predicting NIF after laparoscopic myomectomy. Its implementation can assist clinicians in early identification of high-risk patients, facilitating timely preventive and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Improving the quality of medical care in hospitals is a major priority for all departments. The early warning score (EWS) trend is an effective early risk stratification tool that reflects the changes in patient condition and allows better assessment of deterioration risk. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether utilizing the trend of the modified early warning score (MEWS) level within 4 h of a patient's arrival in the emergency department (ED) could identify patients at risk of clinical deterioration at 8 h after arrival in the ED. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of non‐trauma patients who had at least two vital sign measurements (Glasgow Coma Scale score, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature) within 8 h of arriving in the ED. The primary outcome was patients who had MEWS ≥ 4 at 8 h after arrival in the ED. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis using age, sex, MEWS level at arrival in the ED, MEWS level within 4 h after arrival in the ED, and MEWS level trend over time. Results: Among the 5825 patients, 680 (11.7%) were at risk of deterioration at 8 h after arrival in the ED. To predict the risk of deteriorating conditions (MEWS ≥ 4), utilizing the MEWS level trend within 4 h of arrival in the ED was more effective in identifying patients at risk of deterioration after 8 h of arrival in the ED compared to using a single MEWS value during the ED stay. The corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.756 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.734–0.778) and 0.846 (95% CI 0.827–0.865), respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The proposed trend‐based predictive model for MEWS levels can alert healthcare personnel regarding patients at increased risk of deterioration (MEWS ≥ 4), potentially reducing mortality rates during ED stays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to early research, the incidence of claustrum lesions in patients with neurological Wilson’s disease (WD) was inconsistent, ranging from 1.8 to 75% on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our study aims to explore the incidence, clinical presentation features, iconography features, and possible pathological mechanisms in WD patients with claustrum lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to characterize the clinical, and brain imaging findings and possible pathological mechanisms in the patients with WD. Retrospective cases meeting the inclusion criteria were studied for analyzing MRI characteristics and associated physicochemical examination data in neurological WD patients with claustrum lesions. 443 (66.3%) with brain MRI abnormalities were screened from 668 WD patients. The three (0.7%) patients with the claustrum lesions characteristics on MRI images were: (a) “bright claustrum” in T2-weighted and FLAIR sequences, (b) bilateral symmetrical, (c) non-isolated lesions, (d) occurred only in severe neurological manifestations. The claustrum lesions are not common in neurological WD and mainly appear in cases with severe neurological symptoms. On MRI, the “bright claustrum” signs may be a radiographic marker of neuroinflammation, the features of the lesions showed bilateral symmetry, and hyperintensity signals on T2-weighted, FLAIR, and DWI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examines global trends in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019, focusing on regional disparities in AIDS incidence, mortality, and DALYs across various levels of socio-demographic index (SDI). It also investigates variations in AIDS incidence, mortality, and DALYs across different age groups, and projects specific trends for the next 25 years. Methods: Comprehensive data on AIDS from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories was obtained from a GBD study. This included information on AIDS incidence, mortality, DALYs, and age-standardized rates (ASRs). Projections for AIDS incidence and mortality over the next 25 years were generated using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of HIV cases increased from 1,989,282 to 2,057,710, while the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased from 37.59 to 25.24 with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -2.38. The ASIR exhibited an upward trend in high SDI and high-middle SDI regions, a stable trend in middle SDI regions, and a downward trend in low-middle SDI and low SDI regions. In regions with higher SDI, the ASIR was higher in males than in females, while the opposite was observed in lower SDI regions. Throughout 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate remained stable, with EAPCs of 0.24 and 0.08 respectively. Countries with the highest HIV burden affecting women and children under five years of age are primarily situated in lower SDI regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Projections indicate a significant continued decline in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of AIDS over the next 25 years, for both overall and by gender. Conclusions: The global ASIR decreased from 1990 to 2019. Higher incidence and death rates were observed in the lower SDI region, indicating a greater susceptibility to AIDS among women and < 15 years old. This underscores the urgent need for increased resources to combat AIDS in this region, with focused attention on protecting women and < 15 years old as priority groups. The AIDS epidemic remained severe in sub-Saharan Africa. Projections for the next 25 years indicate a substantial and ongoing decline in both age-standardized incidence and mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the active ingredients and potential biochemical mechanisms of Juanbi capsule in knee osteoarthritis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and animal experiments. Methods: Chemical components for each drug in the Juanbi capsule were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, while the target proteins for knee osteoarthritis were retrieved from the Drugbank, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. The study compared information on knee osteoarthritis and the targets of drugs to identify common elements. The data was imported into the STRING platform to generate a protein-protein interaction network diagram. Subsequently, a "component-target" network diagram was created using the screened drug components and target information with Cytoscape software. Common targets were imported into Metascape for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. AutoDockTools was utilized to predict the molecular docking of the primary chemical components and core targets. Ultimately, the key targets were validated through animal experiments. Results: Juanbi capsule ameliorated Knee osteoarthritis mainly by affecting tumor necrosis factor, interleukin1β, MMP9, PTGS2, VEGFA, TP53, and other cytokines through quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol. The drug also influenced the AGE-RAGE, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, Relaxin, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The network pharmacology analysis results were further validated in animal experiments. The results indicated that Juanbi capsule could decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the serum and synovial fluid of knee osteoarthritis rats and also down-regulate the expression levels of MMP9 and PTGS2 proteins in the articular cartilage. Conclusion: Juanbi capsule may improve the knee bone microstructure and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors of knee osteoarthritis via multiple targets and multiple signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding fabrics are crucial in addressing the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution. To meet wearable requirements, stretchability and thermal comfortability are often desired, but which still are challenging. Herein, a stretchable EMI shielding fabric is fabricated via electrospinning coupled with biaxial pre‐stretching spraying, in which a block stacking wrinkled silver nanowire (AgNW)/Ti3C2Tx MXene network is coated on one side of electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fabric. As expected, the wrinkled structure protects conductive network from fracture during stretching process, so as to realize the strain‐invariant electrical conductivity. Thus, the fabric exhibits a stretchable EMI shielding performance of over 40 dB when subjected to 10–50% uniaxial strains or 21–125% biaxial strains. More importantly, the white TPU/PDMS side and the black AgNW/MXene side enable the fabric passive radiative cooling and heating, respectively. The cooling side exhibits high mid‐infrared emissivity (97.5%) and solar reflectance (90%), thus reducing the skin temperature by ≈4.9 °C. The heating side with high solar absorptivity (86.6%) and photothermal effect increased the skin temperature by ≈5 °C. Therefore, the fabirc with stretchable EMI shielding and Janus‐type dual‐mode personal passive thermal management is promising in future wearable products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coefficient of restitution (COR) is used to estimate the equivalent free fall drop height of packaging during handling and transportation. Various experimental studies were designed to explore factors affecting the conversion of the COR to equivalent free fall drop height. These factors include the number of drops, drop height, drop orientation, drop base, temperature and humidity on the COR. The results indicate that the number of drops and drop orientation are the two most influential factors affecting COR values. As the package undergoes more drops, the COR increases. Among the various orientations, the COR is largest for flat drops, followed by edge and corner orientations. Within flat drops, a smaller impact area results in a smaller COR. Manufacturing joints and the flats, edges and corners adjacent to manufacturing joints tend to yield smaller COR values. A COR correction matrix was developed to correct the conventional COR calculation. This matrix allows engineers to refine COR values based on the number of drops and drop orientations in the field. The matrix‐corrected equivalent free fall drop heights demonstrated an average accuracy of 96%. Compared to the conventional COR calculation method, it effectively reduces errors by a factor of 2–3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "lncRNA SNHG6 regulates EZH2 expression by sponging miR-26a/b and miR-214 in colorectal cancer" published in the Journal of Hematology & Oncology. The correction addresses an error in Figure 4E, where the "si-SNHG6#1" group was mistakenly placed in the "si-SNHG6#2" group. The corrected figure can be found in the Correction article. The document also includes the names of the authors involved in the study. Springer Nature, the publisher, maintains a neutral stance regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract This study aimed to develop and validate a novel nomogram to predict the risk of non-infectious fever (NIF) in patients following laparoscopic myomectomy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy between 2019 and 2023. Pertinent variables before, during, and after surgery were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified independent risk factors for postoperative NIF, from which a nomogram was constructed. The study included 576 patients, among whom 64 (11.1%) developed postoperative NIF. Multivariate analysis identified leiomyoma size, number of leiomyomas, preoperative hemoglobin levels, operative time, and estimated blood loss as independent risk factors for postoperative NIF. A predictive nomogram model incorporating these factors demonstrated good accuracy following internal validation. The developed nomogram represents the first tool tailored for predicting NIF after laparoscopic myomectomy. Its implementation can assist clinicians in early identification of high-risk patients, facilitating timely preventive and management strategies.

Abstract Background This study examines global trends in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019, focusing on regional disparities in AIDS incidence, mortality, and DALYs across various levels of socio-demographic index (SDI). It also investigates variations in AIDS incidence, mortality, and DALYs across different age groups, and projects specific trends for the next 25 years. Methods Comprehensive data on AIDS from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories was obtained from a GBD study. This included information on AIDS incidence, mortality, DALYs, and age-standardized rates (ASRs). Projections for AIDS incidence and mortality over the next 25 years were generated using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Results From 1990 to 2019, the global incidence of HIV cases increased from 1,989,282 to 2,057,710, while the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) decreased from 37.59 to 25.24 with an estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of -2.38. The ASIR exhibited an upward trend in high SDI and high-middle SDI regions, a stable trend in middle SDI regions, and a downward trend in low-middle SDI and low SDI regions. In regions with higher SDI, the ASIR was higher in males than in females, while the opposite was observed in lower SDI regions. Throughout 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate remained stable, with EAPCs of 0.24 and 0.08 respectively. Countries with the highest HIV burden affecting women and children under five years of age are primarily situated in lower SDI regions, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Projections indicate a significant continued decline in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of AIDS over the next 25 years, for both overall and by gender. Conclusions The global ASIR decreased from 1990 to 2019. Higher incidence and death rates were observed in the lower SDI region, indicating a greater susceptibility to AIDS among women and

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether variations in cranial angles and treatment accuracy during CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery necessitate adjustment of the margins of the planning target volume. Patients and Methods: Data from 66 patients receiving CyberKnife treatment for brain tumors were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were immobilized using a thermoplastic mask and headrest. The cranial angle was measured on planning CT and patients were divided into 2 groups: ≤10° (Group A) and >10° (Group B). Intrafractional motion was recorded using the CyberKnife tracking system over 50 min. Translational and rotational errors were compared between groups, and planning target volume margins were calculated. Results: In Group A, significant translational error differences were found along with the X-axis over time ( P 10°.

The resonant interaction between a runaway electron (RE) beam and a reactor-grade background plasma is investigated through two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, employing a simplified model of the system. The temporal evolutions of the electron momentum distribution function for two separate initial beam energies (1 and 10 MeV) are tracked, revealing the occurrence of plasma wave growth concomitant with pitch angle scattering or momentum distribution diffusion within the RE beam. Notably, we identify and confirm the dependence of the dominant resonance condition on the initial kinetic energy of the RE beam. Furthermore, we quantify the effect of particle-wave interactions on the RE momentum distribution diffusion by assessing the average kinetic energy flux from the RE distribution function.

Background: Centrosomal protein of 55 kDa (CEP55) overexpression has been linked to tumor stage, aggressiveness of the tumor, poor prognosis, and metastasis. This study aims to elucidate the action of CEP55 in ovarian cancer (OC) and the regulation by the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5)/Forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2) axis., Methods: Differentially expressed genes in OC were identified using in silico identification, followed by prognostic value assessment. Lentiviral vectors were constructed to downregulate CEP55 in OC cells, and colony formation, EdU, TUNEL, flow cytometry, Transwell assays, and Phalloidin staining were conducted. Transcription factors regulating CEP55 were predicted and verified, and rescue experiments were performed. The effect of ALKBH5-mediated demethylation on FOXP2 mRNA stability and OC cell cycle and EMT were analyzed., Results: High expression of CEP55 in OC was linked to unsatisfactory prognosis of patients. Knockdown of CEP55 repressed proliferation, invasiveness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) while inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in OC cells. FOXP2 bound to the promoter of CEP55 to repress CEP55 transcription. FOXP2 regulated transcriptional repression of CEP55 to impede the malignant progression of OC and inhibit tumor metastasis. ALKBH5-mediated demethylation modification induced mRNA degradation of FOXP2. Knockdown of ALKBH5 induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited EMT in OC cells., Conclusions: ALKBH5 hinders FOXP2-mediated transcriptional repression of CEP55 to promote the malignant progression of OC via cell cycle and EMT., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Summary: The distal complex extensor tendon injury, presenting as traumatic skin, zones 1 and 2 of extensor pollicis longus and extensor hallucis longus, and bony insertion loss, represents a challenging issue and requires a well-vascularized skin paddle, tendinous graft, and insertional reconstruction. Guided by the all-in-one-step reconstruction rule, the chimeric superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIAP) flap, generally considered as a promising multiple-type tissue provider (eg, vascularized skin paddle, fascia, iliac flap), can fulfill the reconstructive demands and has an edge over the two-stage countermeasure. The authors adopted tripartite SCIAP flaps to reconstruct distal complex thumb or toe injuries in eight cases (six thumbs and two halluces), all of which were reattached with vascularized fascia lata-iliac crest conjunctions using a pull-out technique. All SCIAP flaps survived uneventfully without donor-site complications. The remodeled interphalangeal joints regained nearly normal radiologic manifestation. The chimeric SCIAP flap may be a promising technique for distal complex extensor tendon injury; providing vascularized skin paddle and fascia lata-iliac crest graft, it also qualifies for the all-in-one-stage reconstruction concept., Clinical Question/level of Evidence: Therapeutic, IV., (Copyright © 2023 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)