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Purpose: To measure the level of reflection, this study analyzes diaries written by third-year nursing students before and after the debriefing stage in simulation training. A qualitative study using diary entries from 15 nursing students to explore reflection depth., Methods: Students engaged in simulation training and the debriefing stage, documenting their reflections in diaries. Before and after debriefing, reflections were rated from Level 1 (reflectivity) to Level 7 (theoretical reflectivity)., Results: The total number of reflection levels rose significantly from 545 to 829 post-debriefing, enhancing higher-order reflection.The shift signifies a move from superficial to deep reflection, highlighting debriefing's role in fostering critical thinking., Conclusion: The findings underscore the critical role of debriefing in enhancing reflective thinking in nursing education. There is a demonstrated need for further research into the specific elements of debriefing that are most effective at promoting deep reflection. Future studies should conduct comparative analyses of different debriefing methods and approaches across various educational settings. This research could lay the foundation for designing more effective debriefing strategies that foster critical thinking and improve learning outcomes in nursing education.

Aims: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of intake of polyphenols from Ecklonia cava on spatial task performance and nervous fatty acid composition in mice fed with a high-fat diet., Methods: Thirty mice were randomly divided into three groups; each group consisted of ten mice. The control group was fed 5% soybean oil as a fat source, whereas the high fat (HF) group was fed a 15% lard diet and the polyphenol (ECP) group was maintained on the HF diet plus 1% E. cava polyphenols., Results: The ECP group exhibited a short escape latency and better memory retention in the Morris water maze test compared with the control and HF groups (P<0.05). In addition, the ECP group showed a greater increase in avoidance latency than that of the HF group (P<0.05). Moreover, the consumption of polyphenols from E. cava presented higher levels of DHA in the brain and retina (P<0.05)., Conclusion: This study suggested the positive effects of polyphenols from E. cava on memory retention, which might be partially attributed to the increased levels of DHA in the brain., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)