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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in regulating numerous functions in organisms. Among the key regulators of ROS production are NADPH oxidases, primarily referred to as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs). However, our understanding of whether and how pathogens directly target RBOHs has been limited. In this study, we revealed that the effector protein RipBJ, originating from the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, was present in low‐ to medium‐virulence strains but absent in high‐virulence strains. Functional genetic assays demonstrated that the expression of ripBJ led to a reduction in bacterial infection. In the plant, RipBJ expression triggered plant cell death and the accumulation of H2O2, while also enhancing host defence against R. solanacearum by modulating multiple defence signalling pathways. Through protein interaction and functional studies, we demonstrated that RipBJ was associated with the plant's plasma membrane and interacted with the tomato RBOH known as SlWfi1, which contributed positively to RipBJ's effects on plants. Importantly, SlWfi1 expression was induced during the early stages following R. solanacearum infection and played a key role in defence against this bacterium. This research uncovers the plant RBOH as an interacting target of a pathogen's effector, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of plant defence. Summary Statement: This study demonstrates that a tomato plasma membrane‐bound NADPH oxidase is a direct interactor of a bacterial effector protein to mediate plant defence, providing important new information on the interplay between this devastating pathogen and its host plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractEnvironmental problems such as climate change, air and water pollution, and biodiversity loss affect humans globally. The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) recently released its 4th survey on environmental behavior and attitudes, measuring individuals’ views on various environmental topics. The most recent data were collected between 2020 and 2023 in 28 countries worldwide. This introduction offers an overview of the development of the questionnaire, its content, and the data collection process. It also includes some descriptive results on attitudes toward climate change, behaviors that directly impact climate change, trust in various social and political institutions, the appreciation of nature, as well as nationalism and environmentalism. It concludes with an outlook on the substantive papers in this special issue, which address different relevant environmental topics and analyze the individual and national factors influencing specific environmental views and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]