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Rationale: Approximately 32 million people in the United States suffer from food allergies. Some food groups, such as legumes – peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, have a high risk of cross-reactivity. However, the murine model of multiple food group cross-reactivity is limited. Objective: We sought to develop a murine model that can be used to investigate novel therapeutics for the treatment of multiple food allergies. Methods: C3H/HeJ mice were sensitized intraperitoneally (i.p.) once a week for three weeks with a mixture of 500µg of protein from peanut, cashew, walnut, shrimp, cod, and 2 mg Alum. The control group consisted of naïve mice. IgE levels against the sensitized allergens and their cross-reactive allergens were measured by ELISA at baseline and 3 weeks after sensitization. In weeks 4 and 5, the mice were given intragastric challenges with 200mg/mouse of each food: peanut, chickpea, lentil, cashew, almond, pistachio, hazelnut, brazil nut, walnut, pecan, shrimp, lobster, cod, salmon, and mackerel. After each challenge, anaphylactic symptoms, rectal temperatures, and plasma histamine were measured. Results: There was a significant elevation of IgE against sensitized antigens (peanut cashew, walnut, shrimp, and cod) as well as cross-reactive allergens used for oral food challenge from legumes including peanut, chickpea, and lentil, as well as tree nuts such as cashew, almond, pistachio, hazelnut, brazil nut, walnut, and pecan. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in crustaceans such as shrimp, lobster and fish like cod, salmon, and mackerel (p <0.01). Consistently, significantly increased anaphylactic symptom scores (p <0.05), decreased rectal temperature (p <0.001), and increased plasma histamine (p <0.05) compared to the naïve mice occurred following each challenge with sensitized foods and unsensitized, but cross-reactive foods. Conclusion: We generated a comprehensive murine model of IgE-mediated multiple food groups of cross-reactive anaphylaxes. This will provide an essential tool for developing novel therapies for cross-reactivity multiple food allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Investigation of cancer biomarkers for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications has enhanced patient outcomes in hematological and solid cancer types. Cancer biomarkers are discovered by evaluating genetic dysregulation compared to normal samples. Homeobox genes, genes that are key players during embryonic development, have been shown to have dysregulated expression patterns in multiple cancer types. Therefore, this review covers the dysregulation of HOX genes and their encoded factors and the HOX family's role as potential cancer biomarkers. The HOX gene family encodes for regulatory transcription factors that play a crucial role in embryogenesis and differentiation of adult cells. This highly conserved family of genes consists of thirty-nine genes in humans that are located in four clusters, A–D, on different chromosomes. While early studies on the HOX gene family have been focused on embryonic development and its related disorders, research has shifted to examine aberrant expression of HOX genes and the subsequent implication in cancer prediction and progression. Due to their role of encoding master regulatory transcription factors, the abnormal expression of HOX genes has been shown to affect all stages of tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review highlights the novel role of the HOX family's clinical relevance as both prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in hematological and solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fucoidan is a natural sulfated polysaccharide with immunoregulatory function. In this work, the anti-allergic impacts of Gracilaria lemaneiformis fucoidan (GLF) in mitigating allergic reactions induced by shrimp tropomyosin were investigated. As the results, GLF performed significant hyaluronidase inhibition ability (IC 50  = 0.272 mg/mL), alleviated the allergic reactions of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via decreasing the secretion of TNF-α and NO by 58.75 % and 46.17 %, respectively, and mitigated the degranulation degree and secretion of IL-4, TNF-α and histamine as well as promoted IL-10 secretion in RBL-2H3 mast cells. In BALB/c mouse, after gavage of GLF, the mouse allergic symptoms got significantly alleviated, the secretion of IgE and IgG1 got reduced, IgG2a got promoted, the IL-4 secretion from mouse spleen lymphocytes (SLP) significantly declined, and IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion in SLP got improved, which indicated GLF performed significantly anti-allergic functions via transforming Th2 response into Th1 and Treg response. Moreover, the SLP cells treated by GLF had lower expression of GATA-3, higher T-bet and Foxp3 expression, which indicated GLF could mitigate allergic reactions via regulating T-bet, GATA3 and Foxp3 transcription factor expression of T cell subsets. Therefore, GLF could serve as anti-allergic substances for shrimp-induced allergy via regulating Th1/Th2 cytokines and T cell subsets., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)