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The preparation of pristine formamidinium lead tri‐iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films for solar cells applications can be very challenging without methylammonium containing additives. The pinhole‐rich films prepared by methylammonium‐free approach limit the performance of the pristine FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This work proposes a recrystallization method employing mixed solvent annealing (MSA) to heal the pinholes in pristine FAPbI3 perovskite films. The tetramethylene sulfoxide vapor is demonstrated most effective in grains‐merging and pinhole healing, while the addition of a secondary solvent vapor of anisole significantly improved the uniformity of TMSO vapor distribution. The pristine FAPbI3 PSCs prepared with MSA recrystallized film achieved power conversion efficiencies up to 22.43% and 16.54% on small cells (0.105 cm2) and mini‐modules (12.6 cm2), respectively, showing great potential in upscaling fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics with pristine FAPbI3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For patients with congenital heart disease-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can reflect cardiopulmonary reserve function. However, CPET may not be readily accessible for patients with high-risk conditions or limited mobility due to disability. Echocardiography, on the other hand, serves as a widely available diagnostic tool for all CHD-PAH patients. This study was aimed to identify the parameters of echocardiography that could serve as indicators of cardiopulmonary function and exercise capacity. Methods: A cohort of 70 patients contributed a total of 110 paired echocardiogram and CPET results to this study, with 1 year interval for repeated examinations. Echocardiography and exercise testing were conducted following standardized procedures, and the data were collected together with clinically relevant indicators for subsequent statistical analysis. Demographic comparisons were performed using t-tests and chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify potential predictors of peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and the carbon dioxide ventilation equivalent slope (VE/VCO2 slope). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of the parameters. Results: The ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) was found to be the only independent indicator significantly associated with both peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope (both p < 0.05). Additionally, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and right ventricular fractional area change (FAC) were independently correlated with the VE/VCO2 slope (both p < 0.05). TAPSE/PASP showed the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting both a peak VO2 ≤ 15 mL/kg/min and a VE/VCO2 slope ≥ 36 (AUC = 0.91, AUC = 0.90, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of TAPSE/PASP at the optimal threshold exceeded 0.85 for both parameters. Conclusions: TAPSE/PASP may be a feasible echocardiographic indicator for evaluating exercise tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to monitor complex microstructures and fluid transport, systematically examining fluid distribution and migration during pressure imbibition. The results indicate that increased applied pressure primarily affects micropores and small pores during the initial imbibition stage, enhancing the overall imbibition rate and oil recovery. Higher capillary pressure in the pores strengthens the imbibition ability, with water initially displacing oil from smaller pores. Natural microfractures allow water to preferentially enter and displace oil, thereby reducing oil recovery from these pores. Additionally, clay minerals may induce fracture expansion, facilitating oil flow into the expanding space. This study provides new insights into fluid distribution and migration during pressure imbibition, offering implications for improved oil production in tight reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurately stratifying patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is very important, and traditional risk scores still have internal heterogeneity. This study aimed to construct a risk stratification model that can accurately identify clinical worsening (CW) events in conventional low‐intermediate risk patients with pulmonary hypertension under targeted drug treatment by using echocardiographic parameters. Methods: This study is a single‐center, prospective study, including 105 PAH patients who underwent regular follow‐up at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from October 2021 to April 2023. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CW, including death, hospitalization due to pulmonary hypertension, escalation of targeted drug therapy, and worsening of PAH. The predictive value of the echocardiography‐based three‐strata risk model was assessed using Kaplan‐Meier curves and COX regression analysis. Results: A total of 98 PAH patients were ultimately included in this study. The median follow‐up duration was 26 months (range 7–28 months). The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model included the ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) and inferior vena cava (IVC). The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model had higher diagnostic value (C‐index =.76) compared to the 2022 ESC/ERS three‐strata model and four‐strata model (C‐index =.66 and C‐index =.61, respectively). PAH patients with lower TAPSE/PASP and wider IVC showed a higher CW rate compared to patients with higher TAPSE/PASP and normal IVC (HR = 15.1, 95%CI:4.4‐51.9, p <.001). Conclusion: The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model based on TAPSE/PASP and IVC can effectively improve the stratification of low‐intermediate risk PAH patients under targeted treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the influence of motivation climate and self‐regulation on university student engagement in distance education (DE) during the pandemic, a total of 436 Chinese university students were invited to participate in the online survey (including demographic variables, Chinese version of engagement scale, the perceived motivational climate scale, and the self‐regulated learning abilities scale) in the Spring semester, 2020. Bicorrelation and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship among studied variables. Results showed that mastery motivation climate had a positive relation with student engagement, while performance motivation climate had a negative relation with it. Self‐regulation could strengthen the positive relationship between mastery motivation climate and student engagement. However, the moderating role of self‐regulation was not found in the relationship between performance motivation climate and student engagement. These findings could enrich our understanding about the motivation climate–student engagement relationship from self‐regulation perspective and have implications for DE during the pandemic. Practitioner points: Mastery motivation climate (MMC) positively predicts student engagement in distance education (DE).Performance motivation climate negatively predicts student engagement in DE.Self‐regulation could strengthen the impact of MMC on student engagement in DE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral microbiota is vital for human health and can be affected by various factors (i.e. diets, ethnicity). However, few studies have compared oral microbiota of individuals from different nationalities in the same environment. Here, we explored the assembly and interaction of oral microbial communities of Chinese and Pakistanis in one university. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the predominant microorganisms in the oral cavity of Chinese and Pakistanis. Streptococcus and Neisseria were the dominant genera of China, while Streptococcus and Haemophilus were the dominant genera of Pakistanis. In addition, the oral community membership and structure were not influenced by season, Chinese/Pakistani student and gender, reflecting the stability of the human oral microbiome. The beta diversity of oral microbiomes between Chinese and Pakistanis significantly differed in winter, but not in spring. The alpha diversity of Chinese students and Pakistani students was similar. Moreover, oral microbial community of both Chinese and Pakistani students was mainly driven by stochastic processes. The microbial network of Chinese was more complexity and stability than that of Pakistanis. Our study uncovers the characteristics of human oral microbiota, which is of great significance for oral and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain boundaries of metal halide perovskites contain massive defects that are detrimental to photovoltaics applications. This work demonstrates that inorganic NH4NO3 can selectively passivate the grain boundaries of perovskite films and improve their moisture resistance simultaneously, resulting in enhanced performance and stability of the methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to examine the psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on infertile patients. We adopted a comparison design and searched articles published from 1 September 2016 to 31 December 2019 as the control group, while articles published from 1 January 2020 to 31 April 2023 were treated as the pandemic group. Specifically, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, PsycArticle, CNKI and PsycINFO were searched to identify potential eligible records. Risk of bias was assessed, and random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate the prevalence of specific mental health problems. Forty studies with a total of 19,480 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in the pandemic group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The depression and stress prevalence in the pandemic group was higher than that in the control group, yet did not reach statistical significance. A subgroup analysis revealed region differences with developed countries exhibiting higher rates of anxiety and depression in the pandemic group, but the result was the opposite in the control group. Physiological factors, psychological factors and social factors correlated with infertile patients' mental health were identified. The COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant negative impact on infertile patients' mental health, emphasizing the importance of ways to mitigate the risks during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harnessing the inexhaustible solar energy for water splitting is regarded one of the most promising strategies for hydrogen production. However, sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and expensive photovoltaics have hindered commercial viability. Here, an adhesive-free electrodeposition process is developed for in-situ preparation of earth-abundant electrocatalysts on super-flat indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. NiFe hydroxide exhibited prominent OER performance, achieving an ultra-low overpotential of 236 mV at 10 mA/cm 2 in alkaline solution. With the superior OER activity, we achieved an unassisted solar water splitting by series connected perovskite solar cells (PSCs) of 2 cm 2 aperture area with NiFe/ITO//Pt electrodes, yielding overall solar to hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 13.75 %. Furthermore, we upscaled the monolithic facility to utilize perovskite solar module for large-scale hydrogen production and maintained an approximate operating current of 20 mA. This creative strategy contributes to the decrease of industrial manufacturing expenses for perovskite-based photovoltaic-electrochemical (PV-EC) hydrogen production, further accelerating the conversion and utilization of carbon-free energy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Cadmium poisoning is mainly caused by inhalation of cadmium dust or cadmium compound dust, which greatly harms people's lives. Tea polyphenols extracted from green tea have wide biological properties, including anti-cardiovascular disease, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) are involved in the regulation of cadmium-induced oxidative damage. However, whether tea polyphenols relieve acute cadmium poisoning via regulating NRF2 and KEAP1 gene expression remains unclear., Objective: To explore the influences of tea polyphenols on NRF2 and KEAP1 gene expression in mice with acute cadmium poisoning., Design: This is an animal experiment that adopts hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining., Setting: This study was carried out in Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College., Participants: Fifty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Kunming mice aged 9 weeks, weighing 18-22 g were divided into five groups: normal group, model group, low-dose tea polyphenols group, middle-dose tea polyphenols group, and high-dose tea polyphenols group., Interventions: Tea polyphenols were administered intraastrically into mice with doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, respectively., Observation Indicators: (1) liver coefficient, (2) pathological liver injury, (3) liver function, (4) oxidative damage, and (5) NRF2 and KEAP1 gene expression., Results: The liver coefficient, pathological liver injury, serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels of the model group were higher relative to the normal group (P < .05). Relative to the model group, different doses of tea polyphenols treatment significantly relieved liver coefficient, pathological liver injury, serum aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels (P < .05). Malondialdehyde content in liver tissues of the model group was significantly higher compared to the normal group, while glutathione together with glutathione peroxidase contents of the model group was lower (P < .05). Compared to the model group, malondialdehyde content in liver tissues declined while glutathione together with glutathione peroxidase contents were elevated after different doses of tea polyphenols treatment (P < .05). Relative to the normal group, NRF2 expression in the liver tissues of the model group was significantly lower, while KEAP1 expression was higher (P < .05). Relative to the model group, NRF2 expression in the liver tissues was elevated after treatment of different doses of tea polyphenols, while KEAP1 expression was declined (P < .05)., Conclusion: Tea polyphenols can relieve liver injury in mice with acute cadmium poisoning by regulating NRF2 and KEAP1 expression. Our study might provide a promising treatment strategy for acute cadmium poisoning.