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Abstract Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China in 2018. It is crucial to understand the shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In the current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along the eastern coast of China, and characterized the high-depth virome of 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, and Suncus murinus). Our analysis revealed numerous shrew-associated viruses comprising 54 known viruses and 72 new viruses that significantly enhance our understanding of mammalian viruses. Notably, 34 identified viruses possess spillover-risk potential and six were human pathogenic viruses: LayV, influenza A virus (H5N6), rotavirus A, rabies virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, and rat hepatitis E virus. Moreover, ten previously unreported viruses in China were discovered, six among them have spillover-risk potential. Additionally, all 54 known viruses and 12 new viruses had the ability to cross species boundaries. Our data underscore the diversity of shrew-associated viruses and provide a foundation for further studies into tracing and predicting emerging infectious diseases originated from shrews.

Abstract Constructing a ocean Internet of Things requires an essential ocean environment monitoring system. However, the widely distributed existing ocean monitoring sensors make it impractical to provide power and transmit monitored information through cables. Therefore, ocean environment monitoring systems particularly need a continuous power supply and wireless transmission capability for monitoring information. Consequently, a high-strength, environmentally multi-compatible, floatable metamaterial energy harvesting device has been designed through integrated dynamic matching optimization of materials, structures, and signal transmission. The self-powered monitoring system breaks through the limitations of cables and batteries in the ultra-low-frequency wave environment (1 to 2 Hz), enabling real-time monitoring of various ocean parameters and wirelessly transmitting the data to the cloud for post-processing. Compared with solar and wind energy in the ocean environment, the energy harvesting device based on the defective state characteristics of metamaterials achieves a high-energy density (99 W/m3). For the first time, a stable power supply for the monitoring system has been realized in various weather conditions (24 h).

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating cancer with dismal prognosis due to distant metastasis, even in the early stage. Using RNA sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence, here we find elevated expression of mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudo-kinase (MLKL) and enhanced necroptosis pathway in PDAC from early liver metastasis T-stage (T1M1) patients comparing with non-metastatic (T1M0) patients. Mechanistically, MLKL-driven necroptosis recruits macrophages, enhances the tumor CD47 ‘don’t eat me’ signal, and induces macrophage extracellular traps (MET) formation for CXCL8 activation. CXCL8 further initiates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulates ICAM-1 expression to promote endothelial adhesion. METs also degrades extracellular matrix, that eventually supports PDAC liver metastasis. Meanwhile, targeting necroptosis and CD47 reduces liver metastasis in vivo. Our study thus reveals that necroptosis facilitates PDAC metastasis by evading immune surveillance, and also suggest that CD47 blockade, combined with MLKL inhibitor GW806742X, may be a promising neoadjuvant immunotherapy for overcoming the T1M1 dilemma and reviving the opportunity for radical surgery.

Cyrtomium adenotrichum Y. Nong & R.H. Jiang (Dryopteridaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. This new species is similar to C. nephrolepioides (Christ) Copel., C. obliquum Ching & K. H. Shing ex K. H. Shing, C. sinningense Ching & K. H. Shing ex K. H. Shing and C. calcis Liang Zhang, N.T.Lu & Li Bing Zhang in having erect rhizomes, dense, leathery lamina and rounded sori, but it can be easily distinguishable by its stipe sparsely glandular, base obvious oblique, basiscopic base truncate, acroscopic base auriculate or ovate.

By dispersing the fuel particles in an inert metal matrix, the dispersion nuclear fuel element has the advantages of high burnup, high thermal conductivity, great safety and strong designability, etc. It has been successfully applied in the test reactors. Within a dispersion nuclear fuel element, the failure of fuel meat is significantly influenced by the particle agglomeration behavior, including the agglomeration extent, the location of agglomeration region, fuel particle spacing, etc. The present study investigates the crucial factors influencing the failure behavior in the dispersion nuclear fuel meat, focusing on the particle agglomeration effect on the failure of fuel meat. By developing a script for parametric modeling and numerical calculations of the representative volume element in the dispersion nuclear fuel element, the Mises stress field of dispersion nuclear fuel meat incorporating with different particle agglomeration characteristics was simulated in this paper. Numerical modeling was performed by considering the damage layer at the fuel-matrix interface, irradiation-induced fuel particles swelling and the environmental pressure outside the cladding. The effects of particle agglomeration volume fraction, location of the agglomerate fuel particles, ambient hydro-static pressure and matrix material properties on the failure of dispersion nuclear fuel meat were analyzed systematically. The fuel particles in agglomeration region were geometrically modeled through dense stacking, while the local particle agglomeration volume fraction was defined by the minimum particle spacing. The results show that the failure behavior in dispersion nuclear fuel meat is enhanced with the increasing of particle agglomeration volume fraction. The environmental pressure outside the cladding can inhibit the stress concentration in the dispersion fuel meat, but this influence declines with the extent of local fuel agglomeration increasing. Furthermore, the particle agglomeration location between the upper and lower cladding layers of the thin plate indicates little effect on the maximum Mises stress in the dispersion nuclear fuel meat. However, compared to the dispersion meat adjacent to the surrounding cladding, fuel particles agglomerating in central meat (i.e. only constrained by the upper and lower cladding) are more sensitive to environmental pressure. The local fuel particle agglomeration has a shortest stave effect on the failure of dispersion nuclear fuel meat. The volume fraction of agglomeration will seriously exacerbate the stress concentration, and the agglomeration location in the interior of dispersion fuel meat will fail first. Therefore, it is concluded that the extent of fuel particle agglomeration, the location of agglomeration region within the dispersion nuclear fuel meat, and the environmental pressure are crucial factors influencing the failure behavior of fuel meat. The fuel particle agglomeration region is the onset location for the local macroscopic failure, and the environmental pressure outside the cladding can decrease the plastic stress concentration in the dispersion fuel meat to improve the safety of reactor core. This work provides an analytical approach and numerical reference for the failure condition prediction, the reliability evaluation, and the structural optimization design of the plate dispersion nuclear fuel element.