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Spinetoram 120 SC is an insecticide used against the leafroller, Strepsicrates semicanella(Lepidoptera: Torticidae), in Eucalyptusplantations. Control efficacy in plantations is a difficult issue due in large part to weather. Adjuvants are added to reduce insecticide runoff from the leaf surface. Three adjuvants such as alkyl aryl polyglycol ether 400 g/L (Agristick), mixture of fatty alkyl sulphate and fatty alkyl betaine (CBA Stick 100), and condensate nonylphenolethylene oxide 95 g/L and polyvinyl alcohol 19 g/L (Indostick 100/20 SL) were tested with the insecticide spinetoram 120 SC against S. semicanella. Adjuvant treatments significantly increased the efficacy of spinetoram 120 SC in controlling S. semicanella. The CBA Stick with 3 and 2 ml L−1reduced S. semicanellaincidence best compared to the other treatments at 7 DAT (days after treatment) and 14 DAT. A rain simulation (10 mm) conducted at 30-min intervals after spraying was sufficient to show deterioration in insecticide efficacy. Spinetoram at a dosage of 0.5 ml L−1with the adjuvant CBA Stick at a dosage of 3 ml L−1was recorded as the best treatment for S. semicanellaat 14 DAT in a simulated rain of 10 mm.

AbstractBody-worn cameras (BWC) have become ubiquitous in law enforcement but are nascent in correctional settings. There is little research on the attitudes of the corrections personnel expected to wear these devices, even though their buy-in is critical for successful implementation. We address this gap by examining the perceptions of deputies from the Loudoun County, Virginia Adult Detention Center (LCADC) who participated in a 12-month BWC pilot program. We survey LCADC deputies at three periods (pre-, mid-, and post-implementation) and analyze mean changes in their perceptions of BWCs and staff-resident relationships. We find that LCADC deputies were neutral or did not agree that BWCs would improve efficiency and accuracy, have a civilizing effect on incarcerated residents, or lead to work-related disruptions. These attitudes remain largely consistent across the three survey periods. We also find that deputies had more negative perceptions of their relationships with residents at both the mid- and post-implementation periods, compared to the pre-implementation period. The results suggest that, when developing a BWC program, corrections officials should involve front-line personnel early in the planning process. Officials should also ensure policies are tailored to the unique needs of their correctional agency, rather than merely adapting policies created for law enforcement.

SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS is associated with endothelial dysfunction and profound dysregulation of the thrombotic-fibrinolytic pathway. Defibrotide is a polyanionic compound with fibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and antiinflammatory properties.

The current standard of care for moderate to severe ischemic stroke is thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Treatment with tPA can significantly improve neurological outcomes; however, thrombolytic therapy is associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The risk of hemorrhage significantly limits the use of thrombolytic therapy and identifying pathways induced by tPA that increase this risk could provide new therapeutic options to extend thrombolytic therapy to a wider patient population. Here, we investigate the role of protein kinase (PK)Cβ phosphorylation of the tight junction protein occludin during ischemic stroke and its role in cerebrovascular permeability. We demonstrate that activation of this pathway by tPA is associated with an increased risk of ICH. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) increased occludin serine 490 (S490) phosphorylation in the ischemic penumbra in a tPA-dependent manner, as tPA-/-mice were significantly protected from MCAO-induced occludin phosphorylation. Intra-ventricular injection of tPA in the absence of ischemia was sufficient to induce occludin phosphorylation and vascular permeability in a PKCβ-dependent manner. Blocking occludin phosphorylation either by targeted expression of a non-phosphorylatable form of occludin (S490A) or by pharmacologic inhibition of PKCβ, reduced MCAO-induced permeability and improved functional outcome. Further, inhibiting PKCβ after MCAO prevented ICH associated with delayed thrombolysis. These results reveal that PKCβ phosphorylation of occludin is a downstream mediator of tPA-induced cerebrovascular permeability and suggest that PKCβ inhibitors could improve stroke outcome and prevent ICH associated with delayed thrombolysis, potentially extending the window for thrombolytic therapy in stroke.

A series of novel 2-arylbenzoxazoles that upregulate the production of utrophin in murine H2K cells, as assessed using a luciferase reporter linked assay, have been identified. This compound class appears to hold considerable promise as a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Following the delineation of structure–activity relationships in the series, a number of potent upregulators were identified, and preliminary ADME evaluation is described. These studies have resulted in the identification of 1, a compound that has been progressed to clinical trials.