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Entropy engineering holds great promise in enhancing the ion conductivity of the electrode of sodium-ion batteries during charge and discharge cycles. However, it remains challenging to fabricate hollow structures for medium and high entropy nanomaterials due to the complicated chemistry. Herein, a hollow-structured medium entropy (HSME) Fe/Co/Ni ternary transition metal selenide wrapped in a carbon shell (CoNiFe-Se@NC), was deliberately designed and prepared by sequential ion exchange of ZIF-67 with other Ni2+ and Fe2+ metal ions. CoNiFe-Se@NC exhibits a reduced sodium ion diffusion energy barrier and enhanced sodium ion diffusion rate compared to its binary counterparts, as demonstrated by theoretical calculation and experimental results. When applied as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries, the hollow-structured CoNiFe-Se@NC demonstrates outstanding rate performance (346.8 mA h g−1 at 20 A g−1) and ultra-long cycle stability (349.5 mA h g−1 after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1) as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries, and maintains a high specific capacity of 264.5 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 in a full sodium-ion cell paired Na3V2(PO4)3@C cathode. This work highlights the importance of designing hollow structures and entropy engineering, and may shed light on the preparation of high-performance sodium-ion electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Getah virus (GETV) is a zoonotic virus transmitted via a mosquito-vertebrate cycle. While previous studies have explored the epidemiology and pathogenicity of GETV in various species, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Methods: This study investigated the impact of GETV infection and associated molecular mechanisms on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy levels in mouse Leydig cells both in vivo and in vitro. The male mice and TM3 cells were treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce cellular ROS levels. Rapamycin (Rapa) and 3-Methyladenine (3- MA) were used to change autophagy in both infected and uninfected TM3 cells. Results and Discussion: The findings revealed that GETV infection in mouse testes speciffcally targeted Leydig cells and induced oxidative stress while enhancing autophagy in testicular tissue. Using TM3 cells as an in vitro model, the study confirmed GETV replication in this cell line, triggering increased ROS and autophagy levels. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to reduce cellular ROS levels markedly reduced autophagy in testicular tissue and TM3 cells infected with GETV. Interestingly, the use of rapamycin (Rapa) and 3-Methyladenine (3- MA) led to autophagy change in both infected and uninfected TM3 cells, with no signiffcant alterations in cellular ROS levels. These results indicate that GETV infection elevates ROS levels, subsequently inducing autophagy in mouse Leydig cells. We also found that autophagy plays an important role in GETV replication. When autophagy levels were reduced using NAC and 3-MA, a corresponding decrease in TCID50 was observed. Conversely, upregulation of autophagy using Rapa resulted in an increase in TCID50 of GETV. Therefore, we speculate that GETV may exploit the autophagy pathway to facilitate its replication. These ffndings illuminate the interplay between GETV and host cells, providing valuable insights for therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy in GETV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facets engineering of high entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals might be achieved via shape-controlled synthesis, which is promising but remains challenging in designing Ir-based catalysts towards efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic medium. Herein, icosahedra nanocrystals featured with PdCu core and IrPdCuFeNiCoMo shell were prepared by wet-chemical reduction in one-pot, ascribing to the initial formation PdCu core and subsequent deposition and diffusion of IrPdCuFeNiCoMo HEA shell. Sequential selective chemical etching of PdCu core results in IrPdCuFeNiCoMo HEA nanocages, delivering an overpotential of 235 mV at 10 mA cm -2 , 51.0 mV dec -1 , and 1624 A g Ir -1 at 1.50 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode in a conventional three electrode cell. In a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, it delivers a low cell voltage of 1.65 and 1.77 V at a current density of 1.0 and 2.0 A cm -2 , respectively, and maintains stable over 900 h at 500 mA cm -2 . Theoretical calculations attribute the enhanced intrinsic activity to the broad distribution of the binding energy for OER intermediates on IrPdCuFeNiCoMo HEA, which breaks the linear scaling relationship and accelerates the OER process., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)