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3. Contributors

Author

Axel Adams, Clara Affun-Adegbulu, Rakan S. Al-Rasheed, Yasser A. Alaska, Abdulaziz D. Aldawas, Saleh Ali Alesa, George A. Alexander, Abdullah Ahmed Alhadhira, Fahad Saleha Alhajjaj, Hazem H. Alhazmi, Zainab Abdullah Alhussaini, Nawfal Aljerian, Majed Aljohani, Khaldoon H. AlKhaldi, Eyad Alkhattabi, Bryant Allen, Austin Almand, Moza M. Alnoaimi, Mohammad Alotaibi, Evan Avraham Alpert, Yasir A. Alrusayni, Mai Alshammari, Loui K. Alsulimani, Siraj Amanullah, Arian Anderson, David Arastehmanesh, Ali Ardalan, Killiam A. Argote-Araméndiz, Andrew W. Artenstein, Olivia E. Bailey, Russell Baker, Satchit Balsari, Gregory T. Banner, Fermin Barrueto M, Susan A. Bartels, Joshua J. Baugh, Frederic Berg, Vijai Bhola, William Binder, Michelangelo Bortolin, Vincent Bounes, Michael Bouton, Natasha Brown, Frederick M. Burkle, Jr, Lynn Barkley Burnett, Michele M. Burns, Nicholas V. Cagliuso, Sr, John Cahill, David W. Callaway, Duane C. Caneva, Srihari Cattamanchi, Alejandra Caycedo, Edward W. Cetaruk, Sneha Chacko, James C. Chang, Crystal Chiang, David T. Chiu, Gregory R. Ciottone, Jonathan Peter Ciottone, Melissa A. Ciottone, Robert A. Ciottone, Robert G. Ciottone, Vigen G. Ciottone, Alexander Clark, Jonathan Clark, Sean P. Conley, Joanne Cono, Arthur Cooper, Scott B. Cormier, Michael F. Court, Cord W. Cunningham, Fabrice Czarnecki, Supriya Davis, Timothy E. Davis, Gerard DeMers, Sharon Dilling, Ahmadreza Djalali, Timothy Donahoe, Joseph Donahue, Caleb Dresser, Jason Dylik, Benjamin Easter, Alexander Eastman, Laura Ebbeling, Chigozie Emetarom, Nir Eyal, Andrew J. Eyre, David J. Freeman, Franklin D. Friedman, Christie Fritz, Frederick Fung, Fiona E. Gallahue, Stephanie Chow Garbern, Mark E. Gebhart, William A. Gluckman, Craig Goolsby, Robert M. Gougelet, Fredrik Granholm, P. Gregg Greenough, Jennifer O. Grimes, Steve Grosse, Shamai A. Grossman, John T. Groves Jr, Tee L. Guidotti, George Guo, Sarah Haessler, Matthew M. Hall, John W. Hardin, Mason Harrell, Alexander Hart, MD, Melissa Harvey, Attila J. Hertelendy, PhD, Nishanth S. Hiremath, Jordan Hitchens, Christopher P. Holstege, Simon T. Horne, Steven Horng, Amer Hosin, Hans R. House, Pier Luigi Ingrassia, Fadi S. Issa, Irving 'Jake' Jacoby, Rajnish Jaiswal, Gregory Jay, J. Lee Jenkins, Josh W. Joseph, Shane Kappler, Mark E. Keim, Julie Kelman, Andrew R. Ketterer, Anas A. Khan, Ramu Kharel, Chetan U. Kharod, Thomas D. Kirsch, Anita Knopov, Max Kravitz, J. Austin Lee, Jay Lemery, Evan L. Leventhal, Jesse Loughlin, Stephanie Ludy, Brian J. Maguire, Selwyn E. Mahon, Paul M. Maniscalco, Philip Manners, Leonard Jay Marcus, Colton Margus, Taha M. Masri, Jeff Matthews, Sean D. McKay, Zeke J. McKinney, Robert K. McLellan, Eric J. McNulty, Faroukh Mehkri, Mandana Mehta, Rebecca A. Mendelsohn, Ofer Merin, Andrew Milsten, Dale M. Molé, Michael Sean Molloy, Ilaria Morelli, Jerry L. Mothershead, John Mulhern, Nicole F. Mullendore, Nicholas J. Musisca, Sonya Naganathan, Larry A. Nathanson, Erica L. Nelson, Lewis S. Nelson, Bradford A. Newbury, Kimberly Newbury, Ansley O’Neill, Robert Obernier, Jacopo M. Olagnero, Leonie Oostrom-Shah, Catherine Y. Ordun, Scott Parazynski, Andrew J. Park, Robert Partridge, Jeffrey S, James P. Phillips, Emily Pinter, David P. Polatty IV, Patrick Popieluszko, William Porcaro, Lawrence Proano, Peter B. Pruitt, Moiz Qureshi, Luca Ragazzoni, Murtaza Rashid, Paul Patrick Rega, Michael J. Reilly, Marc C. Restuccia, James J. Rifino, Paul M. Robben, Joy L. Rosenblatt, Kevin M. Ryan, Heather Rybasack-Smith, Richard James Salway, Daniel Samo, Leon D. Sanchez, Shawn M. Sanford, Ritu R. Sarin, Deesha Sarma, Jesse Schacht, Valarie Schwind, Geoffrey L. Shapiro, Joshua Sheehan, Brian Shreve, Grigor Simonyan, Devin M. Smith, E. Reed Smith, MD, Jack E. Smith, MA, Montray Smith, Peter B. Smulowitz, Angela M. Snyder, Joshua J. Solano, Bryan A. Stenson, Charles Stewart, M. Kathleen Stewart, Patrick Sullivan, Jared S. Supple, Derrick Tin, Jonathan Harris Valente, Kathryn M. Vear, P.R. Vidyalakshmi, Faith Vilas, Gary M. Vilke, Janna H. Villano, Amalia Voskanyan, C. James Watson, Nancy Weber, Scott G. Weiner, Brielle Weinstein, Eric S. Weinstein, Jordan R. Werner, Roy Karl Werner, MD, James D. Whitledge, Sage W. Wiener, Lauren Wiesner, Kenneth A. Williams, Robyn Wing, Richard E. Wolfe, Wendy Hin-Wing Wong, Robert Woolard, Prasit Wuthisuthimethawee, and Nadine A. Youssef

Published
2024
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6. Swallowing and Aspiration: How to Evaluate and Treat Swallowing Disorders Associated with Aspiration Pneumonia in Older Persons.

Author

Ortega O, Guidotti L, Yoshimatsu Y, Sitges C, Martos J, Miró J, Martín A, Amadó C, and Clavé P

Subjects
Humans, Risk Factors, Aged, Community-Acquired Infections complications, Community-Acquired Infections therapy, Community-Acquired Infections diagnosis, Deglutition physiology, Malnutrition diagnosis, Malnutrition therapy, Malnutrition etiology, Deglutition Disorders diagnosis, Deglutition Disorders therapy, Deglutition Disorders etiology, Pneumonia, Aspiration etiology
Abstract

Aspiration pneumonia (AP) is the most severe complication of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). It is highly underdiagnosed and undertreated among older patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Our aim is to review the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of swallowing disorders associated with AP. We performed a narrative review, including our experience with prior studies at Hospital de Mataró, on the diagnosis and treatment of AP. AP refers to pneumonia occurring in patients with swallowing disorders, frequently coinciding with poor oral health and vulnerability. Its main risk factors include oropharyngeal aspiration, impaired health status, malnutrition, frailty, immune dysfunction, and oral colonization by respiratory pathogens. Incidence is estimated at between 5 and 15% of cases of CAP, but it is highly underdiagnosed. Diagnostic criteria for AP have not been standardized but should include its main pathophysiological element, oropharyngeal aspiration. Recently, a clinical algorithm was proposed, based on the recommendations of the Japanese Respiratory Society, that includes aspiration risk factors and clinical evaluation of OD. To facilitate the task for health care professionals, new artificial intelligence (AI)-based screening tools for OD combined with validated clinical methods such as the volume-viscosity swallowing test (V-VST) for the detection of AP are being validated. Prevention and treatment of AP require multimodal interventions aimed to cover the main risk factors: textural adaptation of fluids and diets to avoid oropharyngeal aspiration; nutritional support to avoid malnutrition; and oral hygiene to reduce oral bacterial load. The diagnosis of AP must be based on standardized criteria providing evidence on the main etiological factor, oropharyngeal aspiration. Clinical algorithms are valid in the diagnosis of AP and the identification of its main risk factors. Combination of AI-based tools with V-VST can lead to massive screening of OD and save resources and improve efficiency in the detection of AP., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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7. Quality of life in people with epilepsy: The associations of anti-seizure medications and biopsychosocial variables.

Author

Thomas JA, Ditchman NM, Guidotti Breting L, and Narayanan J

Subjects
Humans, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Depression psychology, Anxiety psychology, Quality of Life psychology, Epilepsy drug therapy, Epilepsy complications
Abstract

People with epilepsy, on average, experience lower quality of life (QOL) than healthy controls. This study examined the associations between specific anti-seizure medications, biopsychosocial factors, and QOL in people with epilepsy. Analysis of covariance revealed that individuals taking three or more anti-seizure medications had significantly lower QOL than those taking levetiracetam. Findings also demonstrated that when examining biopsychosocial factors as predictors of QOL in hierarchical regression, anxiety, depression, and daytime sleepiness were significant predictors of QOL. Once these factors were entered into the model, number of medications was no longer significant. The final model predicted 59.6% of the variance in QOL. In clinical settings, providers should take a patient-centered approach that includes regular assessment of QOL and an emphasis on good psychological care for those coping with anxiety, depression, and sleep difficulty. These findings underscore the importance of addressing psychological health and sleep factors within the epilepsy population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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