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This study employed a single-case design with an AB structure to examine the effect of implementing a Response to Intervention (RTI) model on a fourth-grade elementary school student with reading difficulties. The participant in the study was Deniz, a fourth-grade elementary school student. The pretest measures revealed that Deniz was at the frustration level in both word recognition and reading comprehension skills. Consequently, an eight-week reading intervention program was designed to address and remediate Deniz's reading difficulties. Through the intervention program, Deniz's word recognition improved from the frustration level to the instructional level, and her reading comprehension progressed from the frustration level to the independent level, accompanied by a significant decrease in reading miscues.

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance. Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants' growth, yield, and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions. For the training method, unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants. Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98, fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant−1, and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm−2. One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g, vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg−1 FW, and TSS content of 7.21%. However, two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%, carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg−1 FW, and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg−1 FW. For biostimulant applications, control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV). DR application significantly increased total sugar, carotenoid, fruit chlorophyll, and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications. While, applying DV increased fruit setting, plant fruit number, weight, and total marketable yield. In addition, integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber, vitamin C, and TSS contents significantly. Two stem plants, and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content. Thus, one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers, as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.

Maize is an important cereal in many developed and developing countries of the world. One of the primary challenges for maize cultivation is soil acidity. Acidic soil is a major constrain in achieving food security requiring sustainable solutions. Biochar, a pyrogenic carbon-rich material, carries reactive surfaces (i.e., high surface area and variable surface charges). Therefore, it facilitates nutrient retention in soil and gradual release to plants, thereby supporting crop growth. However, the combine effects of functionalized biochar with microbes on phosphorus (P) bioavailability and plant performance remain unclear. This study investigates the application of different oxidized biochars (i.e.,fresh rice husk biochar (RHB), pH adjusted oxidized RHB and control) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and control) on soil properties including phosphorus dynamics and the performance of maize grown in an acid soil. Biochar was oxidized using 10% hydrogen peroxide while the pH was adjusted to 8.5. Maize was grown in pots having 20 kg of soil or soil-biochar mixture. Overall, biochar and microbes treatments increased soil phosphorus bioavailability and maize yield with a greater effects in the oxidized biochar giving a significant biochar × microbes interactions. Specifically, oxidized biochar when applied with Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased P availability by 380 % which then contributed to yield increment (291%). We also observed a significant reduction in available aluminum (Al) concentration (40% ) compare to the control. These improvement in yield might have occurred due to an increase soil pH, P bioavailability (r2= 0.74), and a reduction in Al toxicity (r2= 0.36).Findings of this study could have significant implications for crop production in acidic soil.

The problem of convective heat transfers of Eyring-Powell conveying Copper (Cu) coupled with alumina (Al2O3) are employed as the combination of particles, along with water as the base fluid over a vertical Riga plate is numerically addressed. The performance of heat transmission is influenced by the electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) imposed produced from the Riga plate, and it could be used to postpone boundary layer separation. A model in the form of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is introduced to describe the physical behavior of the proposed problem. With the inclusion of relevant equation variables, this collection of PDEs is transformed into Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) which are in a less complex form. Then the bvp4c solver was employed to solve the respective equations. The characteristics of fluid velocity and temperature are investigated graphically. It is found the buoyancy assisting and opposing flows offered dual solutions whereas the purely forced convection flow gives a unique solution. Through an investigation of flow stability, the first solution is confirmed as the physical one. In essence, the volumetric concentration of Cu increases the heat-transferring ability for assisting and opposing flows. The higher suction imposed at the boundary causes a decrease in the heat transfer rate under the shrinking case.

Abstract Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an alternative treatment for craniofacial bone defects reconstruction through membrane barrier adaptation, such as demineralized dentin material membrane (DDMM). DDMM is used as a substitute for GBR material, which aligns with Green Economy principles, it has a good biological osteoinductive and osteoconductive effects, and its structure resembles bones. The balance of bone remodeling when experiencing craniofacial defects will be altered and allow changes to resorption activity, so the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption are vital. Objective: this article aims to analyze the expression of TNF-α, RANKL, and osteoclast cells count after application of DDMM as GBR in mandibular bone defects. Methodology: this is an experimental study with a post-test only control group design, which began with the randomization of 120 rats into five groups: K(−), without membrane implantation; K(+), PPCM; P1, DDMM; P2, DDMM + bone graft; P3, PPCM + bone graft. The expression of TNF-α, RANKL, and osteoclast cells count were observed, followed by analysis using a one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD comparison test. Results: there were significant differences in the expression of TNF-α, RANKL, and osteoclast cells count in all study groups (p=0.000). TNF-α showed a decreasing difference with the highest expression in the K(−) group on day 3 of 12.00±2.16. RANKL expression increased on day 14 and decreased on day 21 in all groups. The osteoclast cells count generally showed a critical period with the highest increase in the K(−) group on day 14 of 73.00±0.00. Conclusion: DDMM has the potential to be a superior membrane substitute compared to PPCM as GBR in alternative treatment for craniofacial bone defects reconstruction.

Cataracts are significant causes of blindness, closely linked to prolonged hypercholesterolemia. While saffron has the potential for eye health, its effects on lens lesions remain understudied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of saffron on the lens changes in atherosclerotic-induced New Zealand white rabbits (NZWR). Thirty-five NZWRs were subjected to four to eight weeks of high-cholesterol diet to induce atherosclerosis, resulting in cataractous lens changes. The rabbits were categorised randomly into three groups: normal diet group, pre-treated group and treated group. The pre-treated group was divided into early atherosclerosis(HC4) and established atherosclerosis (HC8). The saffron-treated group was fed with the HCD diet followed by saffron treatment of 50mg/kg/day (TG450, TG840) and 100mg/kg/day (TG4100, TG8100) of saffron ethanolic extract (SEE) respectively. The normal diet group was given a normal diet over the 8 weeks. After completing the 16-week experimental protocol, the NZWR were euthanized, and their lenses were extracted for histopathological evaluation. The pre-treated group exhibited cataractous lens changes of grade 2, characterized by increased homogenisation, swollen lens fibers, and intracellular vacuolisation. Interestingly, these cataract changes showed a positive trend from grade 2 to grade 1 post-treatment with SEE. In the saffron-treated group, vacuoles and pinkish homogenised areas were reduced. Additionally, a uniform layer of anterior epithelium and decreased non-swollen lens fibers indicated significant cataract lesion improvement. The normal diet group displayed minimal to zero cataractous changes (Grade 0). HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of crocin, crocetin, and picocrocin in the saffron ethanolic extract, with peak absorptions at 440nm (12.817min), 440nm (1.620min), and 254nm (6.553min) respectively. The phytochemical screening of saffron ethanolic extract was conducted and showed the presence of phytochemical compounds including saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. The positive effects on lenses in the TG groups could be due to crocin and crocetin, bioactive components of saffron, and its phytochemical compounds. This study highlights saffron's potential in managing cataract-induced conditions, emphasizing the importance of further research for its full therapeutic potential in cataract management.

Drought presents significant challenges in arid regions, influencing local climate and environmental dynamics. While the large-scale climatic phenomena in Xinjiang, northwest China, are well-documented, the finer-scale climatic variability in subregions such as the Ili River Valley (IRV) remains insufficiently studied. This knowledge gap impedes effective regional planning and environmental management in this ecologically sensitive area. In this study, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of drought in the IRV from 1961 to 2023, using data from ten meteorological stations. The SPEI drought index, along with Sen’s trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall test, the cumulative departure method, and wavelet analysis, were employed to assess drought patterns. Results show a significant drying trend in the IRV, starting in 1995, with frequent drought events from 2018 onwards, and no notable transition year observed from wet to dry conditions. The overall drought rate was −0.09 per decade, indicating milder drought severity in the IRV compared to broader Xinjiang. Seasonally, the IRV experiences drier summers and wetter winters compared to regional averages, with negligible changes in autumn and milder drought conditions in spring. Abrupt changes in the drying seasons occurred later in the IRV than in Xinjiang, with delays of 21 years for summer, and over 17 and 35 years for spring and autumn, respectively, indicating a lagged response. Spatially, the western plains are more prone to aridification than the central and eastern mountainous regions. The study also reveals significant differences in drought cycles, which are longer than those in Xinjiang, with distinct wet–dry phases observed across multiple time scales and seasons, emphasizing the complexity of drought variability in the IRV. In conclusion, the valley exhibits unique drought characteristics, including milder intensity, pronounced seasonal variation, spatial heterogeneity, and notable resilience to climate change. These findings underscore the need for region-specific drought management strategies, as broader approaches may not be effective at the subregional scale.

This study presents the development and optimization of pyramidal microwave absorbers designed for efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction in anechoic chambers. Based on prior research, this work transitions from conventional flat cement-carbon absorbers to a novel pyramidal design, incorporating silicon carbide (SiC) as ceramic materials. Introducing ceramic materials into the cement-carbon composite aims to enhance absorption across a broader frequency range while maintaining structural integrity. The study evaluates five sets of pyramidal absorbers with varying SiC content within the 1-12 GHz frequency range. Reflectivity performance was assessed using the naval research laboratory (NRL) Arch free space method at a 0° incidence angle. Among the tested absorbers, the set containing 10% SiC demonstrated superior performance, achieving minimum and maximum reflectivity values of -26.6215 and -55.2752 dB, respectively, particularly in the C-band. The findings highlight the significant impact of material composition and porosity on the absorber's effectiveness, providing valuable insights for the future design of highperformance EMI absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave absorbers are essential for applications such as radar stealth and electromagnetic compatibility. Nevertheless, traditional materials encounter obstacles related to cost and sustainability, which has led to the exploration of new options such as materials derived from agricultural waste. This study focuses on the classification challenge of evaluating the absorption performance of eco-friendly microwave absorbers in the S-band (2 to 4 GHz) frequency. Three multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithms, namely levenberg marquardt (LM), resilient backpropagation (RBP) and scale conjugate gradient (SCG) are assessed for classification accuracy. The dataset consists of 135 absorption performance values of microwave absorbers that were taken from experimental measurements using the naval research laboratory (NRL) arch free. The MLP algorithms will be divided into three divisions, which are training, validation and testing, evaluating important criteria such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity. The performance of three types of algorithms will be compared using two basic inputs: the absorption values and the single slot sizes. The RBP algorithm achieved 100% accuracy, and a lower mean squared error (MSE) of 0.02500 compared to the LM and SCG. This study provides valuable insights for designing better microwave absorbers and highlights the commercial potential of agricultural waste materials in such applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic activity of Mg-based spinel oxide nanoparticles (NPs) on the combustion behavior of gasoline and their effects on the atomization behavior were determined by droplet scale combustion experiments. MgFe2O4, MgCo2O4 and MgMnO3 spinel oxide NPs were produced by the sol-gel technique and doped into gasoline. The particles with the highest surface oxygen were MgCo2O4 and MgFe2O4 NPs, while the NPs with the largest surface area were MgCo2O4 NPs (517.8433 m2/g). The size of the flame envelope tends to shrink as the oxygen concentration of the particles rises, but an increase in their surface area tends to shorten ignition delay periods. MgFe2O4 NPs increased the flame temperature by 163°C compared to the pure gasoline. While MgFe2O4 and MgMnO3 NPs increased the extinction time of gasoline, MgCo2O4 NPs decreased the severe time by about 75% with the violent micro-explosions they created. In this study, we focused on the production of spinel oxide agents customized for combustion with improved catalytic activity, high flammability, and different component designs, and the results showed that these particles can reduce the soot formation of conventional hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cataracts are significant causes of blindness, closely linked to prolonged hypercholesterolemia. While saffron has the potential for eye health, its effects on lens lesions remain understudied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of saffron on the lens changes in atherosclerotic-induced New Zealand white rabbits (NZWR). Thirty-five NZWRs were subjected to four to eight weeks of high-cholesterol diet to induce atherosclerosis, resulting in cataractous lens changes. The rabbits were categorised randomly into three groups: normal diet group, pre-treated group and treated group. The pre-treated group was divided into early atherosclerosis(HC4) and established atherosclerosis (HC8). The saffron-treated group was fed with the HCD diet followed by saffron treatment of 50mg/kg/day (TG450, TG840) and 100mg/kg/day (TG4100, TG8100) of saffron ethanolic extract (SEE) respectively. The normal diet group was given a normal diet over the 8 weeks. After completing the 16-week experimental protocol, the NZWR were euthanized, and their lenses were extracted for histopathological evaluation. The pre-treated group exhibited cataractous lens changes of grade 2, characterized by increased homogenisation, swollen lens fibers, and intracellular vacuolisation. Interestingly, these cataract changes showed a positive trend from grade 2 to grade 1 post-treatment with SEE. In the saffron-treated group, vacuoles and pinkish homogenised areas were reduced. Additionally, a uniform layer of anterior epithelium and decreased non-swollen lens fibers indicated significant cataract lesion improvement. The normal diet group displayed minimal to zero cataractous changes (Grade 0). HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of crocin, crocetin, and picocrocin in the saffron ethanolic extract, with peak absorptions at 440nm (12.817min), 440nm (1.620min), and 254nm (6.553min) respectively. The phytochemical screening of saffron ethanolic extract was conducted and showed the presence of phytochemical compounds including saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. The positive effects on lenses in the TG groups could be due to crocin and crocetin, bioactive components of saffron, and its phytochemical compounds. This study highlights saffron's potential in managing cataract-induced conditions, emphasizing the importance of further research for its full therapeutic potential in cataract management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preconception health is important for men as it is for women. However, optimizing preconception health is understudied among men. Objectives: To examine the time trends and temporal shifts in preconception health risk indicators among 20–44‐year‐old adult US men in need of preconception care and their racial/ethnic variations. Materials and methods: Data from the 2011–2019 National Survey of Family Growth male file was used to estimate the prevalence of nine preconception health indicators among men (20–44 years) intending to have a future pregnancy (n = 6813), stratifying by race/ethnicity, and assessing temporal changes across the study period. Binary logit and linear regression models estimated temporal trends from 2011–2013 to 2017–2019. Absolute and relative changes were estimated to detect temporal shifts in men's preconception health comparing 2011–2013 to 2017–2019. Results: Men in all groups exhibited substantial preconception health needs, with unique trends across race/ethnicity groups. Between 2011 and 2019, the prevalence of marijuana use (28.6%–39.4%, p = 0.001), overweight/obese status (60.7%–65.1%, p ≤ 0.001), and the mean number of preconception health indicators (M = 2.69–2.84, p = 0.018) increased. Among non‐Hispanic White men, the prevalence of marijuana use (30.1%–41.4%, p = 0.028), overweight/obese status (60.6%–63.7%, p = 0.002), and mean number of preconception health risk indicators (M = 2.74–2.90, p = 0.033) increased. Among Hispanic men, the prevalence of inconsistent/no condom use (68.9%–81.4%, p = 0.022), marijuana use (18.9%–40.4%, p = 0.001), and the mean number preconception health risk indicators (M = 2.50–2.96, p = 0.014) increased. Among non‐Hispanic Black men, sexually transmitted infections declined (5.4%–3.6%, p = 0.002). Significant temporal shifts, which varied by race/ethnicity, were also observed. Discussion and conclusion: Our study, which provides initial insight into men's preconception health development in the last decade, highlights a tremendous need for preconception health care among men. Their increasing preconception health needs, and their racial/ethnic variations, suggest additional contributors to racial/ethnic differences in men's reproductive outcomes and their long‐term health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments and policymakers have discussed energy security due to the instability of the global energy market and the risks greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cause to the environment. Renewable energy generation and consumption reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions most effectively. Thus, this paper highlights factors that, if aggressive environment policies are implemented, might enhance or even avoid energy security degradation. The study uses a balanced panel data set for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam that covers the 1990 to 2020 period. Pooled panel dynamic least squares are employed in this study. Renewable energy consumption is favourably influenced by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy intensity per capita, and installed renewable energy capacity. Utilisation of renewable energy is inversely related to per capita consumption of electricity, CO2 emissions, and use of fossil fuels. Given the lack of research identifying the factors influencing energy security in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), this study focuses on the drivers that influence energy security, which is explained by the proportion of renewable energy in final energy consumption. Without identifying energy demand and supply sources, especially renewable energy-based power generation, policymakers cannot fulfil their goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought presents significant challenges in arid regions, influencing local climate and environmental dynamics. While the large-scale climatic phenomena in Xinjiang, northwest China, are well-documented, the finer-scale climatic variability in subregions such as the Ili River Valley (IRV) remains insufficiently studied. This knowledge gap impedes effective regional planning and environmental management in this ecologically sensitive area. In this study, we analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of drought in the IRV from 1961 to 2023, using data from ten meteorological stations. The SPEI drought index, along with Sen's trend analysis, the Mann–Kendall test, the cumulative departure method, and wavelet analysis, were employed to assess drought patterns. Results show a significant drying trend in the IRV, starting in 1995, with frequent drought events from 2018 onwards, and no notable transition year observed from wet to dry conditions. The overall drought rate was −0.09 per decade, indicating milder drought severity in the IRV compared to broader Xinjiang. Seasonally, the IRV experiences drier summers and wetter winters compared to regional averages, with negligible changes in autumn and milder drought conditions in spring. Abrupt changes in the drying seasons occurred later in the IRV than in Xinjiang, with delays of 21 years for summer, and over 17 and 35 years for spring and autumn, respectively, indicating a lagged response. Spatially, the western plains are more prone to aridification than the central and eastern mountainous regions. The study also reveals significant differences in drought cycles, which are longer than those in Xinjiang, with distinct wet–dry phases observed across multiple time scales and seasons, emphasizing the complexity of drought variability in the IRV. In conclusion, the valley exhibits unique drought characteristics, including milder intensity, pronounced seasonal variation, spatial heterogeneity, and notable resilience to climate change. These findings underscore the need for region-specific drought management strategies, as broader approaches may not be effective at the subregional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance. Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants' growth, yield, and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions. For the training method, unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants. Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98, fruit weight of 2.18 kg$plant-1, and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg$hm-2. One stemplant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g, vitamin C content of 13.66 mg$kg-1 FW, and TSS content of 7.21%. However, two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%, carotenoid content of 0.14mg$kg-1 FW, and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57mg$kg-1 FW. For biostimulant applications, control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV). DR application significantly increased total sugar, carotenoid, fruit chlorophyll, and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications. While, applying DV increased fruit setting, plant fruit number, weight, and total marketable yield. In addition, integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber, vitamin C, and TSS contents significantly. Two stemplants, and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content. Thus, one and two stemtraining methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers, as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new metaheuristic algorithm called Orangutan Optimization Algorithm (OOA) is designed, which imitates the behaviors of Orangutans in nature. The fundamental inspiration of OOA is the foraging strategy of Orangutans and the skills of these animals in nesting. The theory of OOA is explained and then the implementation steps of OOA in two phases of exploration and exploitation are mathematically modeled. The performance of OOA in dealing with real-world applications is evaluated on twenty-two constrained optimization problems from the CEC 2011 test suite. The optimization results show that the proposed OOA approach, by balancing exploration and exploitation during the search process, is able to provide suitable solutions for the benchmark functions. Also, in order to measure the quality of OOA, the results obtained from the proposed approach are compared with twelve well-known metaheuristic algorithms. Analysis of the simulation results shows that OOA has provided superior performance by providing better results in 100% of the benchmark functions compared to competitor algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) is traditionally recognized for its role in modulating oxygen affinity to hemoglobin in erythrocytes. Recent transcriptomic analyses, however, have indicated a significant upregulation of BPGM in acutely injured murine and human kidneys, suggesting a potential renal function for this enzyme. Here we aim to explore the physiological role of BPGM in the kidney. Methods: A tubular‐specific, doxycycline‐inducible Bpgm‐knockout mouse model was generated. Histological, immunofluorescence, and proteomic analyses were conducted to examine the localization of BPGM expression and the impact of its knockout on kidney structure and function. In vitro studies were performed to investigate the metabolic consequences of Bpgm knockdown under osmotic stress. Results: BPGM expression was localized to the distal nephron and was absent in proximal tubules. Inducible knockout of Bpgm resulted in rapid kidney injury within 4 days, characterized by proximal tubular damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Proteomic analyses revealed involvement of BPGM in key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, oxidative stress response, and inflammation. In vitro, Bpgm knockdown led to enhanced glycolysis, decreased reactive oxygen species elimination capacity under osmotic stress, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, interactions between nephron segments and immune cells in the kidney suggested a mechanism for propagating stress signals from distal to proximal tubules. Conclusion: BPGM fulfills critical functions beyond the erythrocyte in maintaining glucose metabolism in the distal nephron. Its absence leads to metabolic imbalances, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and ultimately kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is becoming increasingly important to create novel energy storage devices with excellent cycle stability, high power density and high energy density due to the fast advancement in technology. Rechargeable batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors (SCs) are developed as energy storage devices to meet these energy requirements. In this work, a cobalt selenide embedded in a carbon matrix (Co6.8Se8@C) produced from ZIF‐12 via a one‐pot method by our group for the first time was used as an asymmetric SC electrode. In this work, a cobalt selenide embedded in a carbon matrix (Co6.8Se8@C) produced from ZIF‐12 as a precursor by our group previously has been used as an asymmetric SC electrode. The effects of the structural and morphological properties of this composite material on its electrochemical behaviour and capacitive performance were examined both in a three‐electrode system as a single electrode and in an asymmetric SC. The superior electrochemical storage performance with a specific capacitance of 77.06 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 and energy density of 27.09 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 441.90 W kg−1 were obtained with high stability and cycle life via the prepared electrode in asymmetric SC device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]