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Background: To identify factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease over a 5-year period. Methods: Three hundred seven participants, including 165 women, with a mean age of 55.6 ± 12.0 years underwent continuous quantitative MRI of the liver using the proton-density fat fraction (PDFF). The liver's fat fractions were determined at baseline and 5 years later, and the frequency of participants who developed fatty liver disease and potential influencing factors were explored. Based on significant factors, a model was generated to predict the development of fatty liver disease. Results: After excluding participants with pre-existing fatty liver, the baseline PDFF of 3.1 ± 0.9% (n = 190) significantly increased to 7.67 ± 3.39% within 5 years (p < 0.001). At baseline, age (OR = 1.04, p = 0.006, CI = 1.01–1.07), BMI (OR = 1.11, p = 0.041, CI = 1.01–1.23), and waist circumference (OR = 1.05, p = 0.020, CI = 1.01–1.09) were identified as risk factors. Physical activity was negatively associated (OR = 0.43, p = 0.049, CI = 0.18–0.99). In the prediction model, age, physical activity, diabetes mellitus, diastolic blood pressure, and HDL-cholesterol remained as independent variables. Combining these risk factors to predict the development of fatty liver disease revealed an AUC of 0.7434. Conclusions: Within a five-year follow-up, one-quarter of participants developed fatty liver disease influenced by the triggering factors of age, diabetes mellitus, low HDL-cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure. Increased physical activity has a protective effect on the development of fatty liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the associations of low handgrip strength (HGS, i.e., a marker of muscular fitness) with liver fat content (LFC) and serum liver enzymes in a population‐based setting. We used data from 2700 participants (51.7% women), aged 21–90 years, from two independent cohorts of the population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP‐START‐2 and SHIP‐TREND‐0). Cross‐sectional, multivariable adjusted regression models were performed to examine the associations of HGS with LFC, measured by magnetic resonance imaging and serum liver enzymes. We found significant inverse associations of HGS with both LFC and serum liver enzymes. Specifically, a 10‐kg lower HGS was associated with a 0.59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.94; p = 0.001) higher LFC, a 0.051 µkatal/L (95% CI: 0.005–0.097; p = 0.031) higher gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration and a 0.010 µkatal/L (95% CI: 0.001–0.020; p = 0.023) higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration. The adjusted odds‐ratio for prevalent hepatic steatosis (defined by a MRI‐PDFF ≥5.1%) per 10‐kg lower HGS was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04–1.40; p = 0.014). When considering only obese individuals, those with low HGS had a 1.58% (95% CI: 0.18–2.98; p = 0.027) higher mean LFC and higher chance of prevalent hepatic steatosis (adjusted OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.15–2.62; p = 0.009) compared to individuals with high HGS. We found similar associations in individuals with overweight, but not in those with normal weight. Lower HGS was strongly associated with both higher LFC and higher serum GGT and AST concentrations. Future studies might clarify whether these findings reflect adverse effects of a sedentary lifestyle or aging on the liver. Highlights: We used magnetic resonance imaging, the most accurate and sensitive noninvasive diagnostic tool for determination of hepatic steatosisLower handgrip strength was strongly associated with both higher liver fat content and higher serum GGT and AST concentrationsEspecially overweight and obese individuals with low handgrip strength had a significant higher risk of prevalent hepatic steatosis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interventional oncology (IO) employs various techniques to enable minimally invasive, image-guided treatment of tumor diseases with both curative and palliative goals. Additionally, it significantly contributes to managing tumor-related and perioperative complications, offering diverse supportive procedures for patients at all stages of their diseases. The execution of IO procedures places unique demands on the equipment, personnel, and structural organization of radiological clinics, necessitating specific expertise from interventional radiologists.This position paper aims to comprehensively outline the multifaceted aspects of IO and discuss the requisite criteria for hospitals, radiological clinics, and interventional radiologists (IRs). Furthermore, it underscores overarching considerations of quality assurance that clinics and professional societies should prioritize.The requirements for hospitals, radiological clinics, and IRs are varied and demand not only a high level of proficiency in performing IO procedures but also in-depth knowledge of the differential therapy for various tumor diseases. This expertise is essential for effectively serving as clinical partners in the interdisciplinary treatment of oncologic patients. Additionally, a thorough understanding and safe handling of ionizing radiation technologies, along with proficiency in radiation protection methods, which are fundamental aspects of radiological specialist training, is crucial for ensuring the safety of IO procedures for both patients and staff. The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Interventionelle Radiologie und minimal-invasive Therapie (DeGIR) and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) have long-established dedicated quality management programs, accrediting radiology clinics and certifying IRs. These initiatives aim to uphold the highest standards of care and meet the quality expectations set by politics in healthcare system, particularly in the realm of interventional radiology. · The various procedures in the field of interventional oncology (IO) are complex medical interventions that require not only the most advanced technical equipment but also adequate human resources, particularly specialized expertise in interventional radiology, diagnostic imaging, oncology, and radiation protection.. · This expertise is an integral part of the specialized medical training in radiology and is certified by professional societies such as the German Society for Interventional Radiology (DeGIR) and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE).. · Professional societies like DeGIR, CIRSE, and the American Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) establish the necessary quality assurance framework for comprehensive, high-quality IO therapy through quality assurance (QA) registries, standard operating procedure (SOP) documents, and participation in guideline development.. · Currently, radiology is the only discipline that provides physicians with the theoretical and practical knowledge, skills, and competencies required to perform the demanding procedures in the field of IO through specialized training programs and tailored certification processes.. · Isfort P, Sommer CM, Bruners P et al. Position Paper of the German Society for Interventional Radiology and Minimally Invasive Therapy (DeGIR) and the German Roentgen Society (DRG) on Structural and Professional Requirements in Interventional Oncology. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2373-1013., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Rationale and Objectives: To investigate factors influencing the success and complication rate of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD)., Materials and Methods: PTBD procedures between 2017 and 2022 were enrolled retrospectively. Success rate, complications, and technical considerations were compared using Mann-Whitney U-, X 2 -, and Fishers exact tests. The influence of the study center's experience (training-effect) on success and complication rates was assessed by linear regression categorized by year., Results: In 398 patients, 499 PTBD procedures (337 men; mean age 66.2 +/- 12.5 years) were carried out, with a success rate of 83.2% (415/499). PTBD in dilated bile ducts was more successful than in non-dilated bile ducts (90.0%; 316/340 vs. 68.6%; 109/159; p < 0.001), with e.g. lower radiation doses (2787.52 +/- 4012.72 cGy*cm 2 vs. 4679.25 +/- 4663.55 cGy*cm 2 ; p < 0.001), and shorter total procedure time (33.42 +/- 24.03 min vs. 41.09 +/- 27.21 min; p < 0.001). Complications occurred in 34/499 (6.8%) procedures (major complications n = 25/34) with no significant difference in bile duct width. Right-sided PTBD revealed more complications (9.0%; 30/332 vs. 2.4%; 4/166; p = 0.006) and higher radiation doses (3679.47 +/- 4571.71 cGy*cm2 vs. 2819.01 +/- 3724.92 cGy*cm2; p = 0.001) than left-sided approaches. Linear regression showed a significant continuous increase in the technical success rate of 3.0% per year (2017-2022; 72.5%; 78.5%; 82.2%; 85.0%; 89.0%; 87.5%; p = 0.005), while the overall complication rate remained unaffected (p = 0.364)., Conclusion: Medical centers adopting PTBD procedures can potentially increase their success rate significantly within a short period of time. PTBD is a safe procedure, with left-sided approaches showing lower complication rates and radiation exposure, underscoring their often-underestimated advantages in clinical practice., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)