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Abstract Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often require hospital readmission because of exacerbation of their condition. These frequent exacerbations reduce quality of life, work performance, and emotional health. However, few studies have investigated the risk factors for readmission and readmission rates in Asian patients with COPD. We conducted a systematic review to identify and understand the major risk factors for readmission in patients with COPD in Asia and the readmission rate. Method We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and China Biomedical Literature Database from database inception to September 2023 to identify studies on the readmission rate and risk factors for COPD in Asian patients. Chinese search terms included “COPD,” “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,” “risk factors,” “recurrence,” “readmission,” and “acute exacerbation.” English search terms included “chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,” “COPD,” “lung emphysema,” “hospital admission,” “patient readmission,” and “readmission.” We extracted first author, publication year, research area, sample size, sex, risk factors, and readmission rates. The included studies’ quality was evaluated using the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality. Meta-synthesis was conducted on readmission rates and risk factors for readmission. Subgroups were formed by age, research area, sample size, and research type, and meta-regression analysis was conducted on the 30-day, 90-day, and 365-day readmission rates of patients to determine the source of heterogeneity. Finally, the results’ robustness was evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Begg and Egger tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Results Meta-analysis of 44 studies, with 169,255 participants, indicated that risk factors for COPD readmission in Asia included: history of multiple hospital admissions, ≥ 3 comorbidities, male sex, ratio of eosinophils percentage ≥ 2%, body mass index < 18.5, smoking history, pulmonary heart disease comorbidity, COPD assessment test score > 20, nutritional disorder, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio > 7, and FEV1 < 50. The 30-, 90-, and 365-day readmission rates of patients were 19%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Conclusions Patients with COPD in Asia generally have high readmission rates and different risk factors. To reduce healthcare, economic, and social burdens, interventions should address major risk factors, early prevention, and screening.

Abstract A century ago, the Warburg effect was first proposed, revealing that cancer cells predominantly rely on glycolysis during the process of tumorigenesis, even in the presence of abundant oxygen, shifting the main pathway of energy metabolism from the tricarboxylic acid cycle to aerobic glycolysis. Recent studies have unveiled the dynamic transfer of mitochondria within the tumor microenvironment, not only between tumor cells but also between tumor cells and stromal cells, immune cells, and others. In this review, we explore the pathways and mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer within the tumor microenvironment, as well as how these transfer activities promote tumor aggressiveness, chemotherapy resistance, and immune evasion. Further, we discuss the research progress and potential clinical significance targeting these phenomena. We also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a future anti-cancer strategy and enhancing cell-mediated immunotherapy. Graphical Abstract Mitochondrial Transfer in the Tumor Microenvironment. This review elaborates in detail on the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological significance behind the mitochondrial transfer occurring between tumor cells and their microenvironment. This biological phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer is prevalent in a variety of cancers, including both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, with a high incidence in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), breast cancer, and gliomas. The review also discusses therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial transfer, with a special focus on its application in immunotherapy, particularly in CAR-T cell therapy, where it has begun to show unique advantages

Chemical investigation of Penicillium sp. GDGJ-N37, a Sophora tonkinensis-associated fungus, yielded two new azaphilone derivatives, N-isoamylsclerotiorinamine (1) and 7-methoxyl-N-isoamylsclerotiorinamine (2), and four known azaphilones (3–6), together with two new chromone derivatives, penithochromones X and Y (7 and 8). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic data, CD spectrum, and semi-synthesis. Sclerotioramine (3) showed significant antibacterial activities against B. subtilis and S. dysentery, and it also showed most potent anti-plant pathogenic fungi activities against P. theae, C. miyabeanus, and E. turcicum.