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The potential application value of superhydrophobic surfaces with anti-icing and de-icing properties in aerospace, telecommunications cables, energy and other fields has always been an important research topic. In this paper, a kind of superhydrophobic surface with stable structure, sufficient heat, excellent heat transfer performance and mass production was prepared based on elastic material. In this study, the multi-stage micro-nano rough structure is synthesized by ingenious pressing and mold closing control, and the surface contact angle of the prepared sample can reach 159°. The multi-stage micro-nano rough structure on the surface of the experimental sample can make the water droplets form a large number of cavitation, which can delay the icing of static water droplets. The height difference on both sides of (Un)pressed mesh surface makes the water droplets freeze asymmetrically, so (Un)pressed mesh surface has excellent anti-icing ability. The experimental sample is connected with 24 V direct current, and the average resistivity is 1.403 Ω·cm. The temperature can be raised to about 60 °C in one minute. The prepared sample has stable temperature, good electrical conductivity, sufficient heat generation, excellent heat transfer performance and high anti-icing efficiency. This study expands the design idea of anti-icing of aircraft rotor. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A triple conversion strategy is proposed to construct the anti-icing package of rotor leading edge. • The mechanism of photo-thermal deicing and electro-thermal deicing is revealed. • Dynamic deicing analysis and reliability verification are carried out. • The prepared S-RLES has low ice adhesion and high destructive resistance. Aircraft anti-icing and de-icing, aimed at reducing energy consumption, is a compelling technology that enables a plethora of eco-friendly energy applications to overcome long-standing crisis challenges. In this study, we present a tri-conversion strategy, inspired by superhydrophobicity, photothermal conversion, and electrothermal conversion, to develop an all-weather, high-efficiency, and low-energy rotor leading edge anti-icing and de-icing patch. The experimental samples not only possess stable superhydrophobic photothermal conversion capabilities but also achieve a 610-second delay in droplet icing, a 1-second nitrogen blow for frost, and a low ice adhesion strength of 11.6 KPa. Under one sun illumination, it can achieve a stable 54-second static melt and 37-second dynamic melt. With a connection to a 24 V DC stabilized power supply, it showcases an excellent 146-second de-icing capability. The synergistic action of multiple barriers enhances the anti-icing and de-icing performance. This work not only provides rational design principles for high-energy consumption de-icing but also offers insights into harnessing the power of nature for photothermal conversion de-icing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central kitchen engineering for industrial production of prepared dishes is gaining prominence in response to urbanization, socioeconomic shifts, evolving family structures, and COVID-19 impacts. These dishes, including staple foods, convenience items, fresh-cut vegetables, and sides, cater to the demand for convenient, diverse, and health-conscious options. Central kitchen engineering significantly enhances production efficiency, reduces labor and space requirements, and advances food industrialization. However, central kitchen engineering still faces challenges such as conceptual clarity, outdated technology, sensory quality decline, inconsistent standards, and heightened nutrition and safety concerns. To enhance quality and safety, research efforts are currently focusing on innovative and emerging technologies. Innovations cover cooking/reheating techniques, cooling/freezing methods, sterilization, packaging, natural extracts, and fat substitutes. The current state, research progress, and innovations in prepared dishes are critically analyzed in this paper, offering insights into future directions. By addressing challenges and presenting growth opportunities, this study aims to guide both academic researchers and industry practitioners, fostering progress and innovation in this dynamic field. Panoramic view of the prepared dish industry based on central kitchen engineering: the comprehensive amalgamation of raw material primary processing at the forefront, agricultural product deep processing in the middle, proceeding with catering and food logistics, and food market consumption and supply at the rear end, along with future opportunities. [Display omitted] • Urbanization, evolving families, and COVID-19 drive prepared dishes' popularity. • Critically analyze challenges in processing, from outdated technology to safety concerns. • Research and production tackles challenges with innovative and emerging technologies. • Roadmap for prepared dish progress is proposed for greater safety, convenience and nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing environmental genotoxic chemicals have been shown to induce epigenetic alterations. However, the interaction between genetics and epigenetics in chemical carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. Here, we constructed an in vitro human lung carcinogenesis model (16HBE-T) by treating human bronchial epithelial cells with a typical significant carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). We identified a novel circular RNA, circ0087385, which was overexpressed in 16HBE-T and human lung cancer cell lines, as well as in lung cancer tissues and serum exosomes from lung cancer patients. The upregulated circ0087385 after exposure to BaP promoted DNA damage in the early stage of chemical carcinogenesis and affected the cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis of the malignantly transformed cells. Overexpression of circ0087385 enhanced the expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), which is crucial for metabolically activating BaP. Interfering with circ0087385 or CYP1A1 reduced the levels of ultimate carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) and BPDE-DNA adducts. Interfering with CYP1A1 partially reversed the DNA damage induced by high expression of circ0087385, as well as decreased the level of BPDE and BPDE-DNA adducts. These findings provide novel insights into the interaction between epigenetics and genetics in chemical carcinogenesis which are crucial for understanding the epigenetic and genetic toxicity of chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is an important environmental pollutant and may cause lung injury when inhaled into the human body. Cr (VI) is genotoxic and can cause DNA damage, although the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain unclear. To simulate the real-life workplace exposure to Cr (VI), we used a novel exposure dose calculation method. We evaluated the effect of Cr (VI) on DNA damage in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE and BEAS-2B) by calculating the equivalent real-time exposure dose of Cr (VI) (0 to 10 μM) in an environmental population. Comet experiments and olive tail moment measurements revealed increased DNA damage in cells exposed to Cr (VI). Cr (VI) treatment increased nuclear γ-H2AX foci and γ-H2AX protein expression, and caused DNA damage in the lung tissues of mice. An effective Cr (VI) dose (6 μM) was determined and used for cell treatment. Cr (VI) exposure upregulated circ_0008657, and knockdown of circ_0008657 decreased Cr (VI)-induced DNA damage, whereas circ_0008657 overexpression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, we found that circ_0008657 binds to microRNA (miR)-203a-3p and subsequently regulates ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM), a key protein involved in homologous recombination repair downstream of miR-203a-3p, thereby regulating DNA damage induced by Cr (VI). The present findings suggest that circ_0008657 competitively binds to miR-203a-3p to activate the ATM pathway and regulate the DNA damage response after environmental chemical exposure in vivo and in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural analysis and functional characteristics exploration of persimmon pectins during softening process. [Display omitted] • Two pectin samples of PP-1 and PP-2 were obtained from persimmon fruit at different maturity. • PP-1 and PP-2 showed different structure characteristic. • PP-1 (from unripe persimmon) with better and more stable emulsifying properties than PP-2. • The ripe persimmon pectin (PP-2) showed higher production of SCFAs in in vitro fermentation. This study investigated the structural and functional characteristics of two different molecular weight persimmon pectin extracted from unripe persimmon (PP-1) and ripe persimmon (PP-2). The molecular weight was determined as 117.8 kDa and 61.3 kDa for PP-1 and PP-2, which consisting of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and xylose. AFM results indicated PP-1 with many linear chains, and short chains in while short chains, branching points, and heterogeneous clumps were found in PP-2. Emulsion characterization and storage stability experiments revealed that PP-1 with more stable emulsifying properties than PP-2 and commercial citrus pectin. In vitro fermentation of PP-1 and PP-2 by gut microbiota indicated that PP-1 and PP-2 groups were higher than inulin group in total SCFAs production after 48 h of fermentation. This study provided useful information for high value utilization of persimmon pectin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High polymerization persimmon tannin has been reported to have lipid-lowering effects. Unfortunately, the poor solubility restricts its application. This research aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of inulin on solubilizing of persimmon tannin. Furthermore, we examined whether the addition of inulin would affect the attenuated obesity effect of persimmon tannin. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results demonstrated that inulin formed a gel-like network structure, which enabled the encapsulation of persimmon tannin through hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions, thereby inhibiting the self-aggregation of persimmon tannin. The turbidity of the persimmon tannin solution decreased by 56.2 %, while the polyphenol content in the supernatant increased by 60.0 %. Furthermore, biochemical analysis and 16s rRNA gene sequencing technology demonstrated that persimmon tannin had a significant anti-obesity effect and improved intestinal health in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, inulin was found to have a positive effect on enhancing the health benefits of persimmon tannin, including improving hepatic steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. it enhanced the abundance of beneficial core microbes while decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria. Our findings expand the applications of persimmon tannin in the food and medical sectors. [Display omitted] • Inulin with a polymerization degree of 2-60 enhanced the solubility of high-polymerization persimmon tannin. • Inulin enhanced the efficacy of persimmon tannin in enhancing health in HFD-fed mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Date seed polyphenols were tabulated in commercial pills. • Pill's polyphenols shielded BSA versus glycoxidation via different mechanisms. • Pill's polyphenols dose-dependently inhibited formation of advanced glycation end-products. • Pill's polyphenols trapped intermediated dicarbonyls and formed some new adducts. • Pill's polyphenols declined BSA-glucose binding and structurally blocked glycoxidation sites. We aimed at tabulating and characterizing a flavan-3-ol isolated from date seeds into date seed pills (DSP) as a commercial healthcare pill, and deeply studying their anti-glycoxidation impacts on bovine serum albumin using multi-dimensional approaches SDS-PAGE/NBT, UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS, antiradical via Fenton-type reaction, multispectral, and molecular docking. Results showed that DSP were successfully tabulated (an encapsulation efficiency of 98.78 %) with high antioxidant values via noncovalently binding with whey proteins supported by FTIR and lib-dock results. DSP dose-dependently decayed fluorescent-AGEs by 16.77, 5.32, and 37.41 % in DSP500-BSA-G/MGO/GO models, respectively, later confirmed by SDS-PAGE and initial precursors mitigation results. The docking results confirmed that DSP could bind with glycoxidation sites of BSA-subunits, namely Lys431, Arg458, and Arg196 via H-bonds. DSP trapped both di-carbonyls and reduced CML-level, where new adducts such as epicatechin-mono/MGO-GO, were identified. 500 µg mL−1 DSP reduced OH-induced fluorescence intensity of AGEs by 43.32 % in BSA-G/Fe2+/H 2 O 2. Our results open a new direction for upcycling by-products as effective glycoxidation inhibitors in a type of healthcare pills in protein-rich models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutrophilic asthma is a persistent and severe inflammatory lung disease characterized by neutrophil activation and the mechanisms of which are not completely elucidated. Ubiquitin D (UBD) is a ubiquitin-like modifier participating in infections, immune responses, and tumorigenesis, while whether UBD involves in neutrophilic asthma needs further study. In this study, we initially found that UBD expression was significantly elevated and interleukin 17 (IL-17) signaling was enriched in the endobronchial biopsies of severe asthma along with neutrophils increasing by bioinformatics analysis. We further confirmed that UBD was upregulated in the lung tissues of neutrophilic asthma mouse model. UBD overexpression promoted IL-17 signaling activation. Knockdown of UBD suppressed the activation of IL-17 signaling. UBD interacted with TRAF2 and reduced the total and the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRAF2. However, IL-17 A stimulation increased both the total and the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRAF2. Together, these findings indicated that UBD was upregulated and played a critical role in IL-17 signaling which contributed to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms in neutrophilic asthma. • UBD was markedly upregulated and IL-17 signaling was enriched in neutrophilic asthma. • UBD promoted the activation of IL-17 signaling. • UBD interacted with TRAF2 and the interaction was enhanced after IL-17 A stimulation. • UBD affected the total and the K48-linked ubiquitination of TRAF2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) and cadmium (Cd) are major components of various air pollutants and cigarette smoke. Autophagy and inflammation both play critical roles in understanding the toxicity of particles and their components, as well as maintaining body homeostasis. However, the effects and mechanisms of CBNPs and Cd (CBNPs-Cd) co-exposure on the human respiratory system remain unclear. In this study, a CBNPs-Cd exposure model was constructed to explore the respiratory toxicity and combined mechanism of these chemicals on the autophagy-lysosome pathway in the context of respiratory inflammation. Co-exposure of CBNPs and Cd significantly increased the number of autophagosomes and lysosomes in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and mouse lung tissues compared to the control group, as well as the groups exposed to CBNPs and Cd alone. Autophagic markers, LC3II and P62 proteins, were up-regulated in 16HBE cells and mouse lung tissues after CBNPs-Cd co-exposure. However, treatment with Cq inhibitor (an indicator of lysosomal acid environment) resulted in a substantial decreased co-localization fluorescence of LC3 and lysosomes in the CBNPs-Cd combination group compared with the CBNPs-Cd single and control groups. No difference in LAMP1 protein expression was observed among the exposed groups. Adding 3 MA alleviated inflammatory responses, while applying the Baf-A1 inhibitor aggravated inflammation both in vitro and in vivo following CBNPs-Cd co-exposure. Factorial analysis showed no interaction between CBNPs and Cd in their effects on 16HBE cells. We demonstrated that co-exposure to CBNPs-Cd increases the synthesis of autophagosomes and regulates the acidic environment of lysosomes, thereby inhibiting autophagy-lysosome fusion and enhancing the inflammatory response in both 16HBE cells and mouse lung. These findings provide evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between CBNPs and Cd in mixed pollutants, as well as for the prevention and control of occupational exposure to these two chemicals. • CBNPs and Cd co-exposure increases inflammation in respiratory epithelial cells. • CBNPs and Cd co-exposure targets autophagosome formation and autophagy-lysosomal fusion. • CBNPs and Cd co-exposure disrupts the lysosomal acidic environment. • CBNPs and Cd co-exposure aggravates inflammation by blocking autophagic flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of surface icing poses a serious threat to people's economy and safety, especially in the fields of aerospace, wind power generation and circuit transmission. Super-hydrophobic has excellent anti-icing performance, so it has been widely studied. As the most promising anti-icing technology, superhydrophobic anti-icing surface should not only be simple to prepare, but also have excellent comprehensive performance, which can meet the anti-icing task under harsh working conditions and long-term durability. This paper summarizes the basic performance requirements of superhydrophobic surface for anti-icing operation, and then summarizes the preparation methods and existing problems of superhydrophobic surface in recent years. Finally, the future development trend of superhydrophobic anti-icing surface is prospected and discussed, hoping to provide certain technical guidance for the subsequent research of high-performance superhydrophobic anti-icing surface. [Display omitted] • The development status and characteristics of existing anti-icing technology are introduced. • Summarize the basic performance of superhydrophobic anti-icing surface. • The preparation methods and characteristics of superhydrophobic anti-icing surface are classified and evaluated. • The development of functionalized superhydrophobic anti-icing surface is introduced. • The future development direction of superhydrophobic anti-icing surface is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]