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View from specialist: It is creative, and of certain scientific and educational value. Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Maimendong decoction on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by utilizing network pharmacology methods and combining experimental research.Methods: TCMSP, ETCM and Swiss ADME were used to screen the active ingredients of Maimendong decoction. Through PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction and Uniport databases, the action targets of various components of traditional Chinese medicine were screened. The GeneCards database and OMIN database were applied to obtain target genes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Venn diagrams drawing tool was used to screen the intersection targets of traditional Chinese medicine and diseases. The "traditional Chinese medicine active ingredient disease target" network diagram was constructed by using the Cytoscape 3.9.1 software, and the protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed by using the CytoNCA plug-in to screen the core target proteins. DAVID was used for enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways. Finally, we used bleomycin to establish a pulmonary fibrosis model in SD rats, observed the macroscopic specimens and pathological sections of rat lung tissue, and conducted real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis to compare the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1, α-SMA, IL-4, IFN-γ, LC3-II, and beclin1 between the treatment group and the control group. Results:A total of 402 therapeutic targets of Maimendong decoction for IPF were screened, including 50 core targets, corresponding to 159 active ingredients of 5 traditional Chinese medicines. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis involved the PI3K-AKT signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway and other signal pathways to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The animal experiment results showed that compared with the model group, the Maimendong decoction group could significantly reduce the relative expression level of TGF-β1, α-SMA and IL-4 mRNA (P<0.05), significantly upregulated the relative expression level of mRNA LC3-II, beclin1, IFN-γ (P<0.05) .Conclusion: This study suggests that the key active components of Maimendong decoction may play a role in biological processes such as autophagy, inflammatory reaction, macrophage polarization, and improve pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review and analyze parental awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its vaccine, as well as parental willingness of the HPV vaccine in China. The literature search selected studies that met the following criteria: study published between 2009 and 2023, study design involving parents with at least one child aged ≤ 18 years, sample sizes exceeding 300, availability of data on parental willingness of the HPV vaccine or sufficient information to calculate effect sizes, and studies published in either English or Chinese. Studies that did not meet one of the above points were excluded. From an initial pool of 660 papers, 33 studies were included, encompassing a total sample size of 92,802. The analysis revealed that the pooled awareness rates of HPV and the HPV vaccine among Chinese parents were 45.0% (95% CI: 36.1-54.0%) and 41.4% (95%CI: 30.7-52.5%), respectively. The overall parental willingness for vaccinating children against HPV was 61.0% (95% CI: 53.5-68.3%). Both parental awareness and willingness of the HPV vaccine in China were found to remain low when compared to other countries.

Objective: The research focused on a comparative analysis of triage strategies for women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASC-US) before and after receiving the HPV vaccine, aiming to optimize cervical cancer prevention strategies, especially in resource-limited healthcare settings., Materials and Methods: Between September 2018 and December 2023, 7,511 women aged 21 years or older who underwent liquid-based cytology for cervical cancer screening were recruited. Women diagnosed with ASC-US were included in the study. All participants underwent HPV testing and liquid-based cytology examination, and those with abnormal results were referred for colposcopy. Women with abnormal colposcopy findings underwent further histopathological examination. The gold standard for diagnosis was pathological, with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) on histology as the endpoints. In the final analysis, 933 women with ASC-US were enrolled as the unvaccinated group, with 179 of them testing positive for HPV 16/18. Assuming that all women would receive the bivalent vaccine targeting HPV 16/18 in the post-vaccine era, and given that the vaccine protection rate is 100% against HPV 16/18, then 754 women excluding those of HPV 16/18 positive would comprise the vaccinated group., Results: In the unvaccinated group, the overall HPV positivity rate was 59.27% among ASC-US women, with a 100% HPV prevalence rate among those with CIN2+ lesions. The combination genotyping model of HPV16/18 showed the highest specificity (81.77%) and the lowest referral rate (32.37%). In the vaccinated group, the HPV positivity rate was 49.61% among ASC-US women, with a 100% HPV prevalence rate among those with CIN2+ lesions. The specificity of HPV33/58 was the highest (86.99%), and the colposcopy referral rate was lowest (27.54%), with statistical significance. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were not statistically significant., Conclusion: HPV16/18 demonstrated a more efficacious triaging effect in the unvaccinated group. HPV33/58 will potentially replace HPV16/18 as the priority screening genotyping among vaccinated populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Yang, Hao, Niu, Zheng, Jia, Zhang, Wang, Zhang, Pan, Feng, Qiao and Li.)

Objectives: Our study aims to clarify the causality between air pollutants and lung function, chronic respiratory diseases, and the potential mediating effects of inflammatory proteins., Method: We employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis with comprehensive instrumental variables screening criteria to investigate the effects of air pollutants on lung function and chronic lung diseases. Our study incorporated genetic instruments for air pollutants, ensuring F -statistics above 20.86. A total of 18 MR analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance weighted approach, along with heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests to validate the results. Mediated MR analysis was utilized to evaluate the inflammatory proteins mediating the effects of air pollutants., Result: MR analysis demonstrated significant causal interactions of particulate matter 2.5 (PM 2.5 ), PM 10 , and Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with lung function decline. Specifically, PM 10 negatively affected forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) (OR: 0.934, 95% CI: 0.904-0.965, p  = 4.27 × 10 -5 ), forced vital capacity (FVC) (OR: 0.941, 95% CI: 0.910-0.972, p  = 2.86 × 10 -4 ), and FEV 1 /FVC (OR: 0.965, 95% CI: 0.934-0.998, p  = 0.036). PM 2.5 and NO 2 were identified as potential risk factors for impairing FEV 1 (OR: 0.936, 95% CI: 0.879-0.998, p  = 0.042) and FEV 1 /FVC (OR: 0.943, 95% CI: 0.896-0.992, p  = 0.024), respectively. For chronic respiratory diseases, PM 2.5 and NO 2 were associated with increased COPD incidence (OR: 1.273, 95% CI: 1.053-1.541, p  = 0.013 for PM 2.5 ; OR: 1.357, 95% CI: 1.165-1.581, p  = 8.74 × 10 -5 for NO 2 ). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, with no significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy detected., Conclusion: Our study ascertained the causal correlations of air pollutants with lung function and COPD, emphasizing the importance of reducing air pollution. Interleukin-17A mediates the reduction of FEV 1 and FVC by PM 10 , revealing potential therapeutic targets., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Liu, Jiang, Xu, Liu and Jia.)