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Gliomas represent the most common and lethal category of primary brain tumors. Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely recognized endocrine disruptor, has been implicated in the progression of cancer. Despite its established links to various cancers, the association between BPA and glioma progression remains to be clearly defined. This study aimed to shed light on the impact of BPA on glioma cell proliferation and overall tumor progression. Our results demonstrate that BPA significantly accelerates glioma cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPA has been found to enhance the invasive and migratory capabilities of glioma cells, potentially promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics within these tumors. Employing bioinformatics approaches, we devised a risk assessment model to gauge the potential glioma hazards associated with BPA exposure. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that BPA not only facilitates glioma invasion and migration but also inhibits apoptotic processes. In summary, our study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms by which BPA may promote tumorigenesis in gliomas, contributing to the understanding of its broader implications in oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient and green removal technology of refractory organics such as atrazine in water has been an important topic of research in water treatment. A novel membrane composite biocatalyst Lac-HBT-Pd/BC as prepared for the first time by co-immobilizing laccase, mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) and metal Pd on functionalized bacterial cellulose (BC) to investigate the removal of atrazine and degradation of its intermediates under mild ambient conditions. It was found that atrazine could be completely degraded in 5 h by the catalysis of Lac-HBT-Pd/BC, and the removal rate of degradation intermediates from atrazine was about 85% after continuous catalysis, which achieved deep degradation of atrazine. The effect of electrochemical activity and radical stability of the membrane composite biocatalysts loaded with Pd was investigated. The possible degradation pathways were proposed by identifying and analyzing the deep degradation products of atrazine. The Lac-HBT-Pd/BC demonstrated deep degradation of atrazine and favorable reusability as well as considerable adaptability to various water qualities. This work provides an important reference for preparing new kinds of biocatalysts to degrade refractory organic pollutants in water. [Display omitted] • The co-immobilized laccase-1-HBT-Pd membrane biocatalyst was prepared. • The membrane biocatalyst can degrade effectively and deeply atrazine in water. • Atrazine could be completely degraded in 5 h by the membrane biocatalyst. • The removal rate of degradation intermediates from atrazine was up to 85%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), a key parameter to characterize microbial carbon conversion efficiency, is assumed to be similar in soil models for different soil functional pools with varied organic matter composition and nutrient availability, that is, particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM). However, empirical studies comparing microbial CUE in POM versus MAOM are largely lacking. It is not known whether microbial CUE variance may underpin the variant behaviour (i.e. turnover and composition) of different soil functional pools.Here we collected surface soils from 25 natural forests and grasslands with divergent edaphic properties, and compared microbial CUE in their POM versus MAOM using soil fractionation in combination with incubation using 18O‐labelled water. We also quantified edaphic properties, organic matter composition, microbial community structures and the stoichiometric imbalance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) relative to carbon based on the dissolved pool relative to microbial biomass (ImN and ImP) to investigate variables regulating microbial CUE and its variation in POM relative to MAOM (CUEPOM/CUEMAOM).In contrast to our expectation, microbial CUE did not consistently differ between POM and MAOM across sites, albeit with large inter‐sample variations in CUEPOM/CUEMAOM (from 0.3 to 4.4). Although MAOM had higher substrate quality, indicated by lower ratios of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen (C/NOM) and higher N‐compounds/aromatic ratios, and higher proportions of r‐strategists and fast‐growing bacteria in the microbial community than POM, POM and MAOM had similar degrees of N limitation (i.e. ImN), which was the best predictor of microbial CUE across all samples. Therefore, although MAOM harboured more N‐containing compounds than POM, N limitation was not necessarily lower, leading to an overall similar microbial CUE in POM and MAOM. Nevertheless, CUEPOM/CUEMAOM decreased with increasing P limitation in POM relative to MAOM.Overall, our paper presents a comprehensive, empirical study comparing microbial CUE in POM and MAOM of diverse soils, and our results support the use of similar microbial CUE for POM and MAOM in soil models, but also highlight potential contrasts in microbial CUE between soil pools under strong P limitation. Such inferences deserve attention under potentially increasing P limitation induced by N deposition. This study advances our mechanistic understanding of ecological patterns and processes from the organismic to the ecosystem scale based on soil microbial physiology and different soil functional pools. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes a rare and interesting case of a patient with multiple myeloma complicated with light chain (LC) cast nephropathy and focal amyloidosis. The patient presented with acute kidney injury, anaemia and bone lesions. The diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow biopsy, serum and urine electrophoresis and kidney biopsy. The patient was treated with isazomil, pomalidomide and dexamethasone combination chemotherapy, followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. The patient achieved clinical remission, stable renal function and improved serum lambda free LC levels. This case highlights the challenges and advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the effect of removing protein and/or lipid on the physicochemical characteristics and digestibility of sand rice flour (SRF). Morphological images showed that protein removal had a greater impact on exposing starch granules, while lipids acted as an adhesive. The treatment altered starch content in SRF samples, leading to increased starch crystallinity, denser semi-crystalline region, lower onset gelatinization temperature (T o), higher peak viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH), where Protein removal showed a more pronounced effect on altering physicochemical properties compared to lipid removal. The research revealed a positive correlation between rapidly digestible starch (RDS), maximum degree of starch hydrolysis (C ∞), digestion rate constant (k) values and 1047/1022 cm−1 ratio, showing a strong connection between short-range structure and starch digestibility. The presence of endogenous proteins and lipids in SRF hinder digestion by restricting starch swelling and gelatinization, and physically obstructing enzyme-starch interaction. Lipids had a greater impact on starch digestibility than proteins, possibly due to their higher efficacy in reducing digestibility, higher lipid content with greater potential to form starch-lipid complexes. This study provides valuable insights into the interaction between starch and proteins/lipids in the sand rice seed matrix, enhancing its applicability in functional and nutritional food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineral preservation and microbial residue production are vital for the accumulation of mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) in soils. However, their relative importance and interactive effects remain unclear. Here MAOC content and composition are analyzed in tandem with soil mineral and microbial attributes along a weathering gradient on a volcanic soil sequence. We find that MAOC content increases with increasing mineral weathering states, accompanied by increasing microbial contribution to MAOC. Mineral attributes rather than microbial physiological traits are strongly related to MAOC contents, suggesting that weathering‐enhanced mineral preservation capacity overrides microbial residue production in governing MAOC accumulation by increasing reactive minerals. Furthermore, mineral attributes have a strong interactive effect with microbial traits on MAOC accumulation and composition, likely related to increasing fungal abundance in the microbial community with increasing weathering. These findings highlight that mineral weathering may effectively boost persistent SOC in synergy with microbial conversion in the long term. Plain Language Summary: The accrual of mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) is one of the key mechanisms promoting the long‐term sequestration of atmospheric CO2 into soil organic carbon (SOC). Both microbial residue production and mineral preservation are vital for MAOC accumulation. However, their relative importance and interactive effects remain unclear, hampering our ability to understand how to effectively increase this important pool of persistent SOC. Here by analyzing MAOC content and composition in tandem with soil mineral and microbial attributes along a weathering gradient on a volcanic soil sequence (290 years–2.1 million years ago), we find that MAOC content increases with increasing weathering states, accompanied by increasing microbial contribution to MAOC. In contrast to short‐term studies where microbial residue production predominantly influences MAOC accumulation, weathering‐enhanced mineral preservation capacity overrides microbial residue production in governing MAOC accumulation in the long term by increasing reactive minerals. Furthermore, mineral attributes have a strong interactive effect with microbial traits on MAOC accumulation and composition, likely by enhancing the accumulation efficiency of microbial residues via affecting the microbial community composition. Our findings highlight mineral weathering may effectively boost persistent SOC pools in synergy with microbial conversion. Key Points: The relative importance of mineral versus microbial attributes and their interactive effects in MAOC accumulation was comparedWeathering‐enhanced mineral preservation overrode microbial residue production in governing MAOC accumulation over the weathering gradientMineral weathering strengthened microbial contribution to MAOC via affecting microbial community composition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The charge transfer rate of CO 2 reduced by visible light is in the range of 10−18 cm4/s. • Bi 2 (MoO 4) 3 is prepared by one-step electrochemical. • The single-time stability of the catalyst exceeds 10 h. The study of photogenerated electron transfer pathway and time scale in photoelectrocatalysis is the key factor to improve the efficiency of light energy utilization. At present, the reduction of CO 2 by visible light is one of the hotspots of research, but it is difficult to determine the reduction reaction and mechanism. Therefore, we use electrochemical in situ growth technology to prepare Bi 2 (MoO 4) 3 , and then use photoelectrocatalytic method to reduce CO 2. The results show that the rate of charge transfer at the interface is about 10−18 cm4/s in the reduction of CO 2 by visible light under bias voltage, and the catalyst can react stably for 10 h. This provides a way to optimize the photogenerated electron transfer model and to design the catalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An effective PRiME procedure with C18-PS-DVB-GMA-Fe 3 O 4 has been developed for extraction of 15 bile acids. • The proposed sample preparation procedure is environmentally friendly, less time and solvent-consuming. • A novel PRiME & UFLC-MS/MS method for analysis of 15 bile acids at sub-ppt levels in human plasma has been developed. • LOQs are significantly lower than other reported LC-MS/MS-based methodologies. Because of the "enterohepatic circulation" of bile acid, liver damage can be reflected by monitoring the content of bile acid in the serum of the organism. To monitor the concentration of 15 bile acids in plasma samples, a new technique of PRiME (process, ruggedness, improvement, matrix effect, ease of use) pass-through cleanup procedure combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed. The sorbent used in the PRiME pass-through cleanup procedure is a new type of magnetic organic resin composite nano-material modified by C18 (C18-PS-DVB-GMA-Fe 3 O 4), which has high cleanup efficiency of plasma samples. It also shows good performance in the separation and analysis of 15 kinds of bile acids. Under the optimal conditions, the results show higher cleanup efficiency of C18-PS-DVB-GMA-Fe 3 O 4 with recoveries in the range of 82.1–115 %. The limit of quantitative (LOQs) of 15 bile acids were in the range of 0.033 µg/L-0.19 µg/L, and the RSD values of 15 bile acids were in the range of 3.00–11.9 %. Validation results on linearity, specificity, accuracy and precision, as well as on the application to analysis of 15 bile acids in 100 human plasma samples demonstrate the applicability to clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]