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Developing efficiently mixed electronic-ionic (MEI) conductive microcosmic pathways within a single functional material is essential yet challenging for electronic devices. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) feature pre-designed functionalities and uniform pores, making them highly desirable platforms for transporting electrons and ions. However, for MEI conductive COFs, achieving high crystallinity when incorporating high-density ionic groups within the extensively π-electron delocalized skeletons remain a challenge due to intermolecular interactions. Herein, we reported a "pre-polymerization followed by self-ionization" approach to synthesize new thiazolium-linked COFs (MEICOFs, M═Cu, Co, Fe), where the ionic groups synthesized following the connection of building blocks. MEICOFs demonstrated broad ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared absorption bands and narrow bandgaps. As a proof of concept, the mixed electronic and hydroxide ionic conductivity of CuEICOF was determined to be 55.2 and 0.01 S m -1 , respectively. Moreover, MEICOFs film could directly catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction without additional conductive agent and the rotation of the electrode., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

To facilitate the design, analysis, and optimization of the hydrogen liquefaction system, this study developed a MATLAB-based independent simulation program encompassing unit equipment models and exergy analysis models. The program incorporated REFPROP software to accurately calculate fluid physical properties and the heat of conversion between ortho- and parahydrogen. The proposed hydrogen liquefaction process utilized LN 2 precooling, the helium Joule-Brayton cryogenic cycle, and a throttle valve to efficiently produce liquid hydrogen. The simulation results were rigorously validated using the industry standard Unisim Design software. For the 0.5 t/d hydrogen liquefaction system, the exergy efficiency stood at 28.82%, accompanied by a specific energy consumption of 9.82 kW h/kg LH2 . Notably, the compressor contributed the highest exergy loss ratio, accounting for 38.79% of the total. Increasing the compressor efficiency could significantly improve the exergy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. A comparative analysis revealed that at a larger scale of 50 t/d, the exergy losses of both the compressor and expander decreased, whereas the heat exchanger accounted for 36.29% of the total. In conclusion, the independent simulation program established in this study served as a valuable tool for simulating and analyzing the hydrogen liquefaction system, providing a crucial reference for design improvements and optimization efforts., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) harboring a histone 3 lysine27-to-methionine (H3K27M) mutation represent one of the deadliest brain tumors with a dismal prognosis, as they exhibit a much worse response to therapy compared to the wildtype BSGs. Early non-invasive recognition of the H3K27M mutation is paramount for clinical decision-making in treating BSGs., Methods: Plasma and urine samples were prospectively collected from BSG patients before biopsy or surgical resection and were chronologically divided into discovery, test, and validation cohorts. Utilizing the discovery and test cohort samples, an untargeted metabolomic strategy was exploited to identify candidate metabolite biomarkers, related to the H3K27M mutation. The candidate biomarkers were validated in the validation cohort with a targeted metabolomic method., Results: Differential metabolomic profiles were detected between the H3K27M-mutant and wild-type BSGs in both the plasma and urine, the metabolomic changes were more dramatic in urine than in plasma. After rigorous screening for candidate biomarkers and validation with a targeted metabolomic approach, three metabolites, nomilin, Lys-Leu, and hawkinsin, emerged as significantly elevated biomarkers in H3K27M-mutant BSG urine samples. The biomarker panel combining the three metabolites had a diagnostic area under the curve (AUC) of approximately 75%. Furthermore, the biomarker panel improved the prediction accuracy of radiomics/clinical models to an AUC value high as 93.38%., Conclusions: A urinary metabolite biomarker panel that exhibited high accuracy for non-invasive prediction of the H3K27M mutation status in BSG patients was identified. This panel has the potential to improve the predictive performance of current radiomics models or clinical features., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Noise is a threat to human auditory system, hearing protection devices (HPDs) are widely used to prevent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). However, the role of wearing HPDs on NIHL and the complex relationship between them are still unclear. This study aims to explore such relationship and identify the associated influencing pathways. Providing the important targets for hearing health interventions., Methods: We tested audiometry and Personal Attenuation Ratings (PARs) in 862 participants, recording HPDs usage and fitting actions. Furthermore, an intervention, the comfort survey and the insertion depth measuring of foam earplugs were conducted with 455 participants. Using structural equation models to assess the association among these variables., Results: There were 18.1 % of participants who wore HPDs had NIHL in our study, and their baseline PARs were lower (p < 0.001). Then we found proper fitting actions and continuous use of HPDs led to higher PARs, with "roll" and "pull" being crucial for foam earplugs. In addition, baseline PARs (OR = 0.783; 95 % Cl: 0.644, 0.953) and HPDs wearing frequency (OR = 0.131; 95 % Cl: 0.079, 0.218) were the protective factors of NIHL. Moreover, both proper fitting actions (β = 0.237; 95 % Cl, 0.070, 0.404) and continuous wearing foam earplugs (β = 0.018; 95 % Cl: 0.010, 0.025) could moderate NIHL through baseline PARs, and they also had indirect effect on NIHL. HPDs wearing comfort and insertion depth could mediate the link between wearing HPDs and baseline PARs. The mediation effect of insertion depth on baseline PARs accounted for 35.5 %., Conclusions: Our study found that people who wore HPDs improperly in noisy environments had a risk of suffering from NIHL. Highlighting the important role of proper fitting actions and continuously wearing HPDs in improving PARs and preventing NIHL, especially roll and pull actions for foam earplugs. Proposing that the insertion depth might be an auxiliary indicator to help screen workers that need to be focused on for identification and intervention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal adult brain tumors with limited effective therapeutic options. Immunotherapy targeting B7-H3 (CD276) has shown promising efficacy in the treatment of gliomas. However, the response to this treatment varies among glioma patients due to individual differences. It's necessary to find an effective strategy to improve the efficacy of targeting B7-H3 immunotherapy for nonresponders. In this study, we demonstrated a strong correlation between aurora kinase A (AURKA) and CD276 expression in glioma tissue samples. Additionally, both AURKA knockdown and overexpression resulted in parallel changes in B7-H3 expression levels in glioma cells. Mechanistically, AURKA elevated B7-H3 expression by promoting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation, which was validated in glioma cell lines and primary GBM cells. What's more, the combination of AURKA inhibitor (alisertib) and anti-B7-H3 antibody markedly reduced tumor size and promoted CD8+ T cell infiltration and activation in mouse orthotopic syngeneic glioma models. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate AURKA-mediated B7-H3 upregulation in glioma cells; moreover, it proposes a promising therapeutic strategy combining the AURKA inhibitor alisertib with B7-H3-specific blocking mAbs.

This study explores the mechanisms of monomeric and competitive nutrient ion adsorption on biochar surfaces using molecular dynamics simulations and experimental data. C 6 H 12 O 6 offers low-energy adsorption sites for ammoniacal nitrogen, while C-SH and C-NH 2 facilitate adsorption for nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus. Available potassium is primarily adsorbed near the benzene ring. Structures like C 5 H 10 O 5 and C 4 H 7 NO 4 contribute through physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. The presence of mesopores enhances adsorption stability. In competitive systems, ammoniacal nitrogen adsorption remains largely unaffected by nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus, although available potassium negatively impacts it. Nitrate nitrogen is influenced by electrostatic and intermolecular forces, and available phosphorus inhibits its adsorption, while available potassium aids nitrate nitrogen adsorption through ion reactions. This study elucidates the competitive adsorption mechanisms of biochar, providing theoretical support for industrial-scale preparation of nutrient-rich biochar., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)