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Objective: The aim was to review the role of adjuvant therapies that may potentially contribute toward the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: The addressed focused question was, "Are there any adjuvant therapies that may contribute toward the management of TMD?". Indexed databases were searched up to June 2021. The eligibility criteria were the following: (a) original clinical studies and (b) randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Results: Adjuvant therapies were comprised of acupuncture, manual therapy, jaw exercises, dietary modifications, botulinum toxin therapy, and photobiomodulation. Short-term follow-up results from each of these RCTs showed beneficial effects in terms of pain reduction and improvements in jaw movement among patients with TMD. There are no long-term follow-up results in this regard. Conclusion: The most effective adjunct treatment for managing TMD remains unknown, primarily due to a lack of sufficient scientific evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in treatment planning and outcome prediction in orthognathic treatment (OGT) has not been systematically reviewed. Objectives: To determine the accuracy of AI in treatment planning and soft tissue outcome prediction in OGT. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Unrestricted search of indexed databases and reference lists of included studies. Data selection: Clinical studies that addressed the focused question 'Is AI useful for treatment planning and soft tissue outcome prediction in OGT?' were included. Data extraction: Study screening, selection and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's RoB and ROBINS-I tools for randomised and non-randomised clinical studies, respectively. Data synthesis: Eight clinical studies (seven retrospective cohort studies and one randomised controlled study) were included. Four studies assessed the role of AI for treatment decision making; and four studies assessed the accuracy of AI in soft tissue outcome prediction after OGT. In four studies, the level of agreement between AI and non-AI decision making was found to be clinically acceptable (at least 90%). In four studies, it was shown that AI can be used for soft tissue outcome prediction after OGT; however, predictions were not clinically acceptable for the lip and chin areas. All studies had a low to moderate RoB. Limitations: Due to high methodological inconsistencies among the included studies, it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis and reporting biases assessment. Conclusion: AI can be a useful aid to traditional treatment planning by facilitating clinical treatment decision making and providing a visualisation tool for soft tissue outcome prediction in OGT. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022366864. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the self-perceived pain perception (PP) and whole salivary cortisol levels (CL) among adolescents with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Adolescents between 15 and 17 years were included. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group 1: patients with TMD; Group 2: nocturnalbruxers without TMD; and Group 3: controls. Demographic data CL and self-rated PP were assessed. A p-value < 0.05 was proposed as statistically significant. Fifty-four patients (18 per group) were included. Scores of self-rated PP in the affected TMJ were higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (p < 0.001). Whole salivary CL were higher in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.01) than in Group 3. Whole salivary CL were higher in Group 2 than Group 3 (p < 0.05). Whole salivary CL are higher in adolescents with TMD, and there is a direct relationship between self-rated PP in the TMJ area and salivary CL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim was to review the role of adjuvant therapies that may potentially contribute toward the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD)., Methods: The addressed focused question was, "Are there any adjuvant therapies that may contribute toward the management of TMD?". Indexed databases were searched up to June 2021. The eligibility criteria were the following: (a) original clinical studies and (b) randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs)., Results: Adjuvant therapies were comprised of acupuncture, manual therapy, jaw exercises, dietary modifications, botulinum toxin therapy, and photobiomodulation. Short-term follow-up results from each of these RCTs showed beneficial effects in terms of pain reduction and improvements in jaw movement among patients with TMD. There are no long-term follow-up results in this regard., Conclusion: The most effective adjunct treatment for managing TMD remains unknown, primarily due to a lack of sufficient scientific evidence.

The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of clear aligner therapy (CAT) for the treatment of anterior open bite (AOB) in adults. The focused question was "Is CAT effective for the management of AOB in adults?". Databases were searched without time and language barriers up to and including August 2024 based on pre-specified eligibility criteria. Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment was performed using the Risk-of-Bias-In-Non-randomised-Studies-of-Intervention (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model (REM) for change in AOB and cephalometric measurements with an evaluation of the mean difference (MD) and/or standardised mean difference (SMD). The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the quality of evidence. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger's regression test. There were 14 studies included in the qualitative assessment and 12 in the meta-analysis. The RoB was moderate in 13 studies and low in one. The meta-analysis showed significant AOB correction with CAT [(MD) = 2.76 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.23-3.28] due to maxillary and mandibular incisor extrusion (MD = 0.85 mm, CI: 0.43-1.26 and MD = 0.86 mm, CI: 0.29-1.44, respectively). There were no significant changes identified for maxillary and mandibular molar intrusion or changes in the mandibular plane angle (MPA). The level of confidence was high for AOB correction, incisor extrusion, and molar intrusion and low for MPA. CAT leads to a significant correction of AOB of approximately 2.76 mm, which can be mainly attributed to incisor extrusion., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Objective: To assess the self-perceived pain perception (PP) and whole salivary cortisol levels (CL) among adolescents with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMD)., Methods: Adolescents between 15 and 17 years were included. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group 1: patients with TMD; Group 2: nocturnalbruxers without TMD; and Group 3: controls. Demographic data CL and self-rated PP were assessed. A p -value < 0.05 was proposed as statistically significant., Results: Fifty-four patients (18 per group) were included. Scores of self-rated PP in the affected TMJ were higher in Group 1 than Group 2 ( p < 0.001). Whole salivary CL were higher in groups 1 and 2 ( p < 0.01) than in Group 3. Whole salivary CL were higher in Group 2 than Group 3 ( p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Whole salivary CL are higher in adolescents with TMD, and there is a direct relationship between self-rated PP in the TMJ area and salivary CL.