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Most of the previous studies have reported the treatment of ankylosed anterior teeth with surgical luxation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the English literature about the treatment of a mandibular first permanent molar with a single-tooth dento-osseous osteotomy. We report a case of surgical treatment and perioperative management of an ankylosed mandibular molar with a single-tooth dento-osseous osteotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 31‐year‐old primiparous woman underwent non‐invasive prenatal testing. The result was trisomy 13 (T13) positive. The chromosome 13 t‐statistics (Z‐score) was significantly high. The result of amniocentesis was normal karyotype (46,XX). Detailed ultrasound showed no fetal structural abnormalities. We suspected T13 confined placental mosaicism (CPM) and observed the course naturally. From the late second trimester, severe fetal growth restriction manifested followed by proteinuria and hypertension, diagnosing her with preeclampsia (PE). At 35 + 5 weeks, emergent cesarean section was required, yielding a 1480 g female infant. We sampled five locations of chorionic villi in the placenta. T13 cells dominated cells with normal karyotypes in all parts and the rate of trisomic cells ranged from 57% to 96%, which were generally high rate. None developed PE in reported T13 CPM cases and this is the first case of PE. The dominancy of T13 cells can be associated with PE development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers encapsulating 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP)/siRNA complexes via electrospinning for the delivery of nucleic acid-based drugs. It also focused on the influence of the intrinsic properties of PVA on the efficacy of the system. PVA nanofibers, with diameters of 300–400 nm, were obtained, within which the siRNA remained intact and the DOTAP/siRNA complexes were uniformly dispersed. By incorporating DOTAP/siRNA complexes into the PVA nanofibers and assessing the impact of their RNA interference (RNAi) activity in A549-Luc cells, a stable inhibition of luciferase expression was observed. An examination of the nanofiber preparation process revealed that even when DOTAP or siRNA were added separately to the PVA solution without forming complexes, the RNAi effect was retained. The DOTAP/siRNA complexes released from the PVA nanofibers were internalized by the cells, with some PVA residues remaining on their surfaces. The significance of the degree of hydrolysis and polymerization of PVA on the performance of nanofibers was highlighted. Notably, PVA with a low degree of hydrolysis substantially enhanced RNAi effects, with luciferase expression inhibition reaching 91.5 ± 0.7%. Nanofibers made of PVA grades with anionic or cationic modifications were also evaluated, suggesting that they affect the efficacy of siRNA delivery. The insights obtained suggest avenues for future research to optimize drug delivery systems further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ozoralizumab (OZR), a novel next-generation tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor with variable heavy-chain domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies, named Nanobody®, was approved in September 2022 as the sixth TNF inhibitor in Japan. Other previous TNF inhibitors have been associated with various adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including heart failure (HF). The real-world data on these rare but clinically significant ADRs associated with OZR is lacking. Herein, we report a case of an 81-year-old female patient with rheumatoid arthritis who was insufficiently responsive to previous TNF inhibitors and developed HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after the first OZR administration. Her condition improved after OZR discontinuation, suggesting that OZR may have precipitated the HFrEF despite tolerance with previous TNF inhibitors. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanism and incidence of OZR-associated HF., (© Japan College of Rheumatology 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site–for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

A powder formulation for mucosal administration of mRNA-encapsulated lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) is expected to be useful for respiratory diseases. Although freeze-drying is widely used to obtain solid formulations of mRNA-LNPs, highly hydrosoluble cryoprotectants, such as sucrose are necessary. However, sucrose is not a suitable excipient for inhalation powders because of its hygroscopic and deliquescence properties. Spray freeze-drying (SFD) is a method to produce inhalable powder formulation. In this study, we prepared inhalable powder formulations of mRNA-LNPs without deliquescence excipients using pH-modified SFD, which strengthens the interaction between mRNA and ionizable lipids of LNPs by acidic pH modifier, leading to retention of the encapsulated structure of mRNA-LNPs even after SFD. Powdered mRNA-LNPs were suitable for inhalation, and mRNA was encapsulated in LNPs after SFD. The mRNA encapsulation efficiency and mRNA transfection efficiency of pH-modified SFD-mediated powdered mRNA-LNPs were higher than those of conventional SFD, although they were significantly lower than those of liquid intact mRNA-LNPs. However, after long-term storage, the powdered formulation of the mRNA-LNPs exhibited higher mRNA transfection efficiency than liquid mRNA-LNP. Powdered mRNA-LNPs also exerted their function in air-liquid interface cultivation and in vivo intratracheal administration. Collectively, the powder formulation of mRNA-LNPs especially prepared by SFD is expected to be applied for dry powder inhalers., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Phytochemicals isolated from essential oils are effective alternatives for inhibiting microbial pathogens. Bovine protothecal mastitis is the cause of a reduction in milk production and the secretion of thin, watery milk with white flakes. In the present study, we performed in vitro susceptibility testing of the phytochemicals carvacrol, citral, and thymol in Prototheca strains isolated from cases of protothecosis in small animals and cow feces. The susceptibility of the algae to carvacrol, citral, and thymol was assessed using the modified CLSI M27-A3 broth microdilution method. The ranges of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC%) of the phytochemicals in all isolates were 0.03% to 0.125% for carvacrol, 0.03% to 0.25% for citral, and 0.06% to 0.25% for thymol. Based on these results, carvacrol, citral, and thymol appear effective against Prototheca species at the tested concentrations, and may thus be useful for environmental disinfection in barns.

Polymeric nanofibers generated via electrospinning offer a promising platform for drug delivery systems. This study examines the application of electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers for controlled lysozyme (LZM) delivery. By using various PVA grades, such as the degree of polymerization/hydrolysis, this study investigates their influence on nanofiber morphology and drug-release characteristics. LZM-loaded PVA monolithic nanofibers having 50% drug content exhibit efficient entrapment, wherein rapid dissolution is achieved within 30 min. The initial burst of LZM from the nanofiber was reduced as the LZM content was lowered. The initial dissolution is greatly influenced by the choice of PVA grade used; fully hydrolyzed PVA nanofibers demonstrate controlled release due to the reduced water solubility of PVA. Furthermore, coaxial electrospinning, which creates core-shell nanofibers with polycaprolactone as a controlled release layer, enables sustained LZM release over an extended period. This study confirms a correlation between PVA characteristics and controlled drug release and provides valuable insights into tailoring nanofiber properties for pharmaceutical applications.