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Intestinal microbiota community is an important factor affecting the nutritional and health status of poultry, and its balance is crucial for improving the overall health of poultry. The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract (GUE), Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) and their combination (GL) on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers in an 84-day feeding experiment. Supplementary 0.1% GUE and 4.5Ã--107 CFU/g Lac significantly increased average daily gain (ADG), and GL (0.1% GUE and 4.5Ã--107 CFU/g Lac) increased ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and decreased feed conversion rate (FCR) in broilers aged 29 to 84 d and 1 to 84 d. Dietary GUE, Lac and GL increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum mucosa of broilers, and increased secretory IgA (sIgA) content in broilers at 84 d. Moreover, GUE, Lac and GL increased cecal microbial richness and diversity, and modulated microbial community composition. Both GUE and Lac reduced the harmful bacteria Epsilonbacteraeota, Helicobacter, and H. pullorum at 28 d and Proteobacteria, Escherichia, and E. coli at 84 d, while Lac and GL increased beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and L. gallinarum at 28 d. Compared with individual supplementation, GL markedly increased the SOD activity and the sIgA content, and reduced Helicobacter and Helicobacter pullorum. In conclusion, GUE and Lactobacillus acidophilus as feed additives benefit growth performance and intestinal health, and their combined use shows an even more positive effect in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-carbohydrate (HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a low-carbohydrate diet (9% starch) (LC), a high carbohydrate diet (18% starch) (HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA (HCSA), 2 g/kg SB (HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB (HCSASB). The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels on intestinal antioxidant status, tight junction proteins expression, and amino acids transporters levels in squabs. A total of 180 pairs of White King parent pigeons approximately 10 mo old were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replications of 6 pairs of parental pigeons each, and were fed with 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18% CP diets for 46 d, respectively. Dietary increasing CP levels increased final body weight (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05), serum urea nitrogen (linear, P 0.05). Increasing dietary CP levels reduced intestinal malondialdehyde contents (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and jejunal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (linear, P < 0.05), and enhanced (linear and quadratic, P

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different inclusion levels of full-fat Hermetia illucens larvae (HI) meal as a protein source on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, health, and microbiota of largemouth bass. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by adding HI to replace 0 % (HI0, control), 10 % (HI10), 20 % (HI20), 30 % (HI30) and 40 % (HI40) of fish meal (FM) in diets. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 fish per aquarium. Fish were fed two times daily to apparent satiation for 80 days. The results indicated that weight gain rate, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were not appreciably reduced until more than 30 % of the FM protein was replaced with HI. Fish fed HI40 diet had the lowest fatty acid (C18:3, C20:5, C22:6) contents (P < 0.05). Moreover, the villi height was decreased, villi width and goblet cell number in hindgut was increased in the HI40 group compared with the other groups, respectively. Meanwhile, serum diamine oxidase activity, D-lactate and endotoxin contents increased markedly as the proportion of HI increased (P < 0.05). Notably, the increased dietary HI levels down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of cldnd1b and ocel1 in intestine. Higher malondialdehyde content and down-regulated expression of sod and gpx1a in the intestine were also observed in the HI40 group. Accordingly, the increased dietary HI levels upregulated the expression of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) and down-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (transcriptional growth factor-β1 and interleukin-10) (P < 0.05). In addition, the abundance of both intestinal Lactobacillus and Streptococcus increased significantly, while the abundance of Cetobacterium decreased in the HI20 group (P < 0.05). Broken-line model analysis based on weight gain rate against dietary HI replacement level indicated that the optimum replacement level was 26.79 %. However, including too high proportion of HI could induce intestinal dysbiosis, impair the intestine physical barrier, and finally reduced growth of Micropterus salmoides. • The dietary inclusion of 16.78 % full-fat H. illucens meal improved growth of largemouth bass. • The 25.06 % full-fat H. illucens meal inhibited the growth and damaged the gut health. • Full-fat H. illucens meal inclusion in diets affected the intestinal barrier function of fish. • The H. illucens meal addition modulated the gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels on intestinal antioxidant status, tight junction proteins expression, and amino acids transporters levels in squabs. A total of 180 pairs of White King parent pigeons approximately 10 mo old were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 6 replications of 6 pairs of parental pigeons each, and were fed with 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18% CP diets for 46 d, respectively. Dietary increasing CP levels increased final body weight (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05), serum urea nitrogen (linear, P <0.05) and triglyceride levels (quadratic, P < 0.05), and reduced kidney relative weight (quadratic, P < 0.05) in squabs. Final body weight of squabs in the 18% CP diet group was higher than that of the 14, 15, and 16% CP diet groups (P < 0.05) but was similar to that of the 17% CP diet group (P > 0.05). Increasing dietary CP levels reduced intestinal malondialdehyde contents (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) and jejunal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (linear, P < 0.05), and enhanced (linear and quadratic, P <0.05) ileal catalase and T-SOD activities in squabs, and these effects were more prominent in the 17% CP diet group. Graded CP levels up-regulated the mRNA expression of intestinal zonula occludens 1 (linear, P < 0.05), solute carrier family 7 members 9 (linear, P < 0.05) and claudin 1 ( CLDN1 , linear and quadratic, P < 0.05), ileal CLDN3 and solute carrier family 6 members 14 (linear, P < 0.05) but lowered jejunal solute carrier family 6 member 14 (quadratic, P <0.05) mRNA expression in squabs. The effects of dietary CP levels on intestinal tight junction proteins expression were more apparent when its supplemental levels were 18%. These results suggested that increasing parental dietary CP levels ranged from 14 to 18% during breeding period improved growth and intestinal function of squabs, with its recommended level being 17%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal microbiota community is an important factor affecting the nutritional and health status of poultry, and its balance is crucial for improving the overall health of poultry. The study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract (GUE), Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) and their combination (GL) on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers in an 84-day feeding experiment. Supplementary 0.1% GUE and 4.5×10 7 CFU/g Lac significantly increased average daily gain (ADG), and GL (0.1% GUE and 4.5×10 7 CFU/g Lac) increased ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and decreased feed conversion rate (FCR) in broilers aged 29 to 84 d and 1 to 84 d. Dietary GUE, Lac and GL increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity and decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum mucosa of broilers, and increased secretory IgA (sIgA) content in broilers at 84 d. Moreover, GUE, Lac and GL increased cecal microbial richness and diversity, and modulated microbial community composition. Both GUE and Lac reduced the harmful bacteria Epsilonbacteraeota , Helicobacter , and H. pullorum at 28 d and Proteobacteria , Escherichia , and E. coli at 84 d, while Lac and GL increased beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and L. gallinarum at 28 d. Compared with individual supplementation, GL markedly increased the SOD activity and the sIgA content, and reduced Helicobacter and Helicobacter pullorum . In conclusion, GUE and Lactobacillus acidophilus as feed additives benefit growth performance and intestinal health, and their combined use shows an even more positive effect in broilers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Li, Yuan, Chen, Li, Jiang, Zha Xi, Zhang and Lu.)

Antibiotic residues in the aquaculture environments may lead to antibiotic resistance, and potentially exert adverse effects on health of the non-target organisms and humans. In order to evaluate the effect of enrofloxacin of environmental concentrations on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Two hundred and seventy largemouth basses (with an average weight of 7.88 ± 0.60 g) were randomly divided into three groups, and separately exposed to 0, 1, 100 μg/L enrofloxacin (Control, ENR1, ENR100) for 30 days to detect the effect of enrofloxacin on the growth performance, oxidative stress, intestinal microbiota structure, inflammatory response and structure of the intestine. The results showed that ENR significantly reduced the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). The histopathological analysis revealed that the villus width and muscular thickness of anterior intestine were significantly decreased with the increasing of enrofloxacin concentration. The activity of SOD was significantly increased at enrofloxacin stress, while CAT and POD activity were significantly decreased compared to control group (P < 0.05). The activities of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and peroxidase (POD) in ENR1 was higher than that of control and ENR100 groups. Enrofloxacin treatment up-regulated the expression IL-1β and TNF-α , and down-regulated IL-10 , and decreasing the expression level ZO-1 , claudin-1, and occludin. Furthermore, the enrofloxacin treatment significantly decreased the intestinal bacterial diversity (P < 0.05). Exposure to 100 μg/L enrofloxacin obviously increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Zixibacteria of fish gut, and reduced Firmicutes; 1 μg/L enrofloxacin considerably increased Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Actinobacteria, and reduced Firmicutes. The relative abundance of DTB120 and Elusimicrobiota was positively correlated with the occludin and claudin-1 gene. Taken together, exposure to enrofloxacin inhibited the growth of largemouth bass, influenced intestinal health, and induced dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. [Display omitted] • Enrofloxacin changed the antioxidant enzyme activity. • Enrofloxacin caused intestinal barrier damage and tight junction protein destruction. • Enrofloxacin caused intestinal inflammation. • Enrofloxacin affected the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota. • Enrofloxacin inhibited the growth of largemouth bass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]