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IntroductionVictims of interpersonal violence in sports show various mental health concerns. However, no studies have quantitatively examined their primary complaints, considering psychological symptoms such as denial of self-concept and interpersonal challenges not captured by conventional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, an association between interpersonal violence victimization and complex PTSD (CPTSD) has been noted in Japanese sports coaching situations, specifically for extracurricular sports activities. This study aimed to examine the applicability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) and determine whether interpersonal violence victimization and related risk factors predicted PTSD and CPTSD in extracurricular sports activities in Japan.MethodsThis study included 651 adults aged 18–25 who had previously participated in extracurricular sports activities in junior high and high school. The ITQ was examined using confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood with robust standard errors, fit indices comparisons, a graded response model, differential item functioning, and rank correlation designs. A binomial logistic regression model with robust standard errors examined the association of PTSD and CPTSD with interpersonal violence victimization and related risk factors.ResultsThe optimal factor structure, measurement precision, and validity of the ITQ were confirmed. Physical and psychological violence victimization and the ITQ were positively correlated with PTSD, difficulties in emotion regulation, self-disgust, and interpersonal problems subscales, respectively. A high frequency of psychological and physical violence victimization experiences and self-identified LGB (lesbian, gay, or bisexual) were associated with PTSD and CPTSD diagnosability. Additionally, being a woman and in school life away from parents were associated solely with PTSD diagnosability.DiscussionThis is the first quantitative study to examine CPTSD in a study on interpersonal violence in sports. Our findings can provide insights into desirable victim support and enhanced clinical care in interpersonal violence in a sports context.

The growing demand for food owing to population growth has led to an increased need for fishery resources. Governments worldwide have introduced individual transferable quota (ITQ) systems to manage the resource depletion crisis. However, grandfathered quotas are a potential rent for fisherpersons, leading to rent seeking through lobbying. This rent seeking could exacerbate the resource conservation function of the ITQ system. Even if stock levels are restored through ITQs, the fish processing industry discharges sewage during the production process, leading to resource deterioration. In the blue economy, where various economic actors are involved with the ocean, what measures should be implemented to achieve sustainable fisheries? To respond to this challenge, this study analyzes the effects of reduced catch quotas and fishing seasons on fishery resources, economic growth, and welfare in an R&D-based growth model with processed fish products, considering rent seeking for ITQs. Fish damage parameter measures the magnitude of the impact of fishing on stock deterioration. This parameter increase, catch quota reductions that initially promoted economic growth begin to harm stock recovery. Shortening the fishing season leads to a trade-off between economic growth and stock recovery and to deterioration of welfare. Hence, it is difficult to achieve a sustainable fishery by simply reducing ITQs and fishing seasons. This study suggests that, when counterintuitive measures are taken to raise the fishery damage parameter somewhat, lowering the substantial ITQ increases the likelihood of achieving a sustainable fishery.

Abstract Background The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is used to measure posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms, and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9 (PTCI-9) is used to measure posttraumatic cognitions. Both tools have been translated for use in Brazil. However, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian versions were not investigated, and no study has verified the invariance of these tools for many traumatic event types. Objective This study examined the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and the PTCI-9 for trauma type, gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region. Methods A total of 2,111 people (67.74% women) participated in an online survey. The scale models were tested via confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance through multigroup analyses. Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to examine the relationships between PTSD, CPTSD, posttraumatic cognitions, and depressive symptoms. Results Except for the affective dysregulation factor, the reliabilities of the ITQ and PTCI-9 dimensions were adequate. Models with six correlated dimensions for the ITQ and three correlated dimensions for the PTCI-9 showed adequate fit to the data. The ITQ and PTCI-9 exhibited scalar invariance for gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region. The ITQ also demonstrated full invariance for trauma type. The factors of both instruments were related to each other and to depressive symptoms, with higher effect sizes for posttraumatic cognitions and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusion We recommend using the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and PTCI-9, which are crucial tools for assessing and treating trauma-related disorders.

Background: The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is used to measure posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) symptoms, and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory-9 (PTCI-9) is used to measure posttraumatic cognitions. Both tools have been translated for use in Brazil. However, the psychometric properties of the Brazilian versions were not investigated, and no study has verified the invariance of these tools for many traumatic event types. Objective: This study examined the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and the PTCI-9 for trauma type, gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region. Methods: A total of 2,111 people (67.74% women) participated in an online survey. The scale models were tested via confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance through multigroup analyses. Pearson's correlation analyses were used to examine the relationships between PTSD, CPTSD, posttraumatic cognitions, and depressive symptoms. Results: Except for the affective dysregulation factor, the reliabilities of the ITQ and PTCI-9 dimensions were adequate. Models with six correlated dimensions for the ITQ and three correlated dimensions for the PTCI-9 showed adequate fit to the data. The ITQ and PTCI-9 exhibited scalar invariance for gender, race, age group, education level, and geographical region. The ITQ also demonstrated full invariance for trauma type. The factors of both instruments were related to each other and to depressive symptoms, with higher effect sizes for posttraumatic cognitions and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Conclusion: We recommend using the Brazilian versions of the ITQ and PTCI-9, which are crucial tools for assessing and treating trauma-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health professionals are regarded as important sources of information and guidance for healthy living. Knowing health determinants and risks, and invested with credibility in society, many struggle with their own human limits to apply these principles. A cross-sectional study was conducted among advanced medical students to assess their attitude towards recreational cannabis consumption, intention to use it, and their opinion of its legal status. Secondary objectives were to explore the relation of these primary outcomes to: (a) potentially addictive habits (such as smoking and drinking); (b) individuals' disturbances in self-organization (DSOs), defined in the ICD-11 as pervasive chronic effects of traumatic experiences or stressful events. An anonymous online questionnaire active in November 2022 collected data from 171 medical students, of which almost 56% were in favor of recreational cannabis legalization. In a logistic regression analysis, each additional point of own consumption intention (on a scale from 1 to 5) was found to increase the odds of a positive opinion of legalization by three times, when controlling for gender, age, smoking, drinking, onset age of smoking, and DSO: OR = 2.918, 95%CI (1.893–4.497). In conclusion, health professionals' personal beliefs and practices regarding substance use have a significant subjective component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Following the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the well-being of millions of Ukrainians has been jeopardised. This study aims to translate and test the psychometric features of the Ukrainian version of the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). The study included Ukrainian refugees housed in Verona (Italy) between November/2022 and February/2023. The Ukrainian translation was obtained through a ‘forward-backward’ translation. Questionnaire was completed by 141 refugees (females: 78.7%). Median age was 36 years (IQR 23–43). Individuals with a score suggestive of psychological distress were 97 (68.8%). Cronbach’s coefficient was 0.84 (0.95CI 0.80–0.88). According to confirmatory factor analysis, both single- (modelB1) and two-factor (model B2) structures with bimodal scoring method fitted the data satisfactorily. The two factors of model B2 had a 0.88 correlation. Pearson coefficient showed a positive significant correlation between the GHQ-12 and International Trauma Questionnaire scores (ρ = 0.53, 0.95CI 0.40–0.64, p

Introduction: Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) has been recognized as a distinct disorder from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the eleventh revision of the disease classification system (ICD-11). The international trauma Questionnaires have been developed to measure C-PTSD. This study was conducted to enhance the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 18-item International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ-18 Items). Method: This research followed a descriptive-evaluative approach. The last version of ITQ was translated and back-translated, and its content validity was assessed through measurement and obtained above 0.70. The statistical population consisted of non-clinical married middle-aged women in the age range of 30 to 40 years who were registered in the comprehensive health services center electronic system of Bushehr province in the year 2022-2023. They responded to the questionnaires over a two-month period using a multistage cluster sampling method. To assess concurrent validity, the hospital anxiety and depression questionnaire along with adverse childhood experiences were used. The data were analyzed employing confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficient analysis. Results: Findings indicated that, considering SRMR=0.56, RMSEA=0.61, TLI=0.943, CFI=0.959, and BIC=21879.875, the optimal fit was found in the second-order two-factor model. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between CPTSD and clinical anxiety and depression (p<0.01). Additionally, adverse childhood experiences showed a correlation (p<0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be stated that the Persian version of the ITQ-18 Items, by the ICD-11, exhibits appropriate psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health professionals are regarded as important sources of information and guidance for healthy living. Knowing health determinants and risks, and invested with credibility in society, many struggle with their own human limits to apply these principles. A cross-sectional study was conducted among advanced medical students to assess their attitude towards recreational cannabis consumption, intention to use it, and their opinion of its legal status. Secondary objectives were to explore the relation of these primary outcomes to: (a) potentially addictive habits (such as smoking and drinking); (b) individuals’ disturbances in self-organization (DSOs), defined in the ICD-11 as pervasive chronic effects of traumatic experiences or stressful events. An anonymous online questionnaire active in November 2022 collected data from 171 medical students, of which almost 56% were in favor of recreational cannabis legalization. In a logistic regression analysis, each additional point of own consumption intention (on a scale from 1 to 5) was found to increase the odds of a positive opinion of legalization by three times, when controlling for gender, age, smoking, drinking, onset age of smoking, and DSO: OR = 2.918, 95%CI (1.893–4.497). In conclusion, health professionals’ personal beliefs and practices regarding substance use have a significant subjective component.

The snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in the Barents Sea is an invasive species, first discovered in 1997. Since 2012, a commercial fishery has developed, and various management measures have been implemented. Despite fishing gear restrictions, limits for the catch season and the implementation of a TAC-regime in 2017 onwards, the fishery struggles with substantial sustainability challenges. Vessels allocated a licence demonstrate radical differences in catches, and the fleet suffers from an unprofitable overcapacity and lack of environmentally friendly harvesting operations. The management authorities and the fishermen's organizations seem to agree that the regulated open access and the Olympic fisheries model are the main sources of the present problems. The Directorate of Fisheries (DoF) [1] has introduced a discussion paper outlining various options for closing the fishery. The article outlines these- and other options, and discusses the alternatives in terms of improved sustainability, i.e., environmental, economic as well as social. A key point is that closing the fishery (like many other management measures), are not only technical interventions. They are also political, and they contribute to modify both the regulating system and the system to be regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]