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Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines the current composition of the energy matrix in Colombia, encompassing its legal framework, configuration, impacts, and future projections. This research, based on a systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis, and text mining, reveals that hydroelectric power is the primary source of clean energy. Fossil fuels, although essential for energy availability in the territory, generate the largest carbon footprint, representing a significant environmental challenge. Despite legal efforts and projections towards clean energy, limitations persist in infrastructure, technology, and social acceptance towards energy production projects. The transition to a sustainable energy system requires overcoming these technical, regulatory, and social barriers while integrating legal, environmental, social, and technological aspects into planning to meet the goals of the current matrix's energy transition, which presents a complex landscape that demands comprehensive strategies for a sustainable energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Bibliotecológica is the property of UNAM, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Bibliotecologicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo examina los retos a los que se enfrenta la preservación del patrimonio digital de la humanidad en el contexto de una emergencia mundial provocada por el cambio climático. Una parte importante del patrimonio documental creado o transferido a formatos digitales se conserva en e-archivos que utilizan tecnologías y desarrollan prácticas documentales que generan basura tecnológica y producen gases de efecto invernadero (GEI), cuyo rastro se conoce como huella de carbono. Este artículo, sustentado en una investigación cualitativa, expone las variables asociadas a la preservación digital que tienen un impacto sobre el cambio climático. Asimismo, sugiere la noción del e-archivo sustentable, como un sistema de información social y tecnológica, a través del cual se preservan, a largo plazo y de forma responsable con el medioambiente, los documentos digitales que la sociedad considera esenciales para su comprensión en el futuro.

English Heritage (EH) is a large cultural heritage organisation, which cares for 1million artefacts over 136 sites. Preventive conservators and conservation scientists manage a mixture of controlled and uncontrolled historic site environments housing diverse object types. Two fine art conservators manage treatment programmes for easel and wall paintings, gilded frames and gilded furniture. Other objects are managed by preventive conservators and outsourced to private conservation studios for treatment. Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important part of the conservation team's agenda. Measuring and understanding the carbon impact of both the preventive and interventive conservators' work was an important starting point for creating more sustainable solutions. To create a baseline for future monitoring and carbon reduction, carbon footprint studies were undertaken to evaluate the carbon impact of interventive painting conservation treatments; preventive conservation framing (adapting frames and making microclimates for displaying paintings in non-ideal environments); and running conservation (humidistatic) heating vs air conditioning systems in display rooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decree law 5/2024 amends Law 6/2022 on climate change and energy transition in the Canary Islands to streamline the processing of renewable energy and climate adaptation projects. Administrative efficiency measures are introduced and renewable energy penetration targets are established in the Canary Islands. Changes are made to the regulation of the electricity sector and land use to promote energy transition. The regulations also address emission reduction, energy efficiency, and climate change adaptation in the Canary Islands. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Sociology & Technoscience / Sociología y Tecnociencia is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Escuela Universitaria de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article relies on the first and only representative survey data to estimate household carbon footprints (CFs) of China's large yet vastly understudied ethnic minority population, documenting for the first time significant ethnic disparities in CFs driven by ethnic minorities' relatively worse-off living standards: From 2010 to 2020, China's ethnic minority population contributed less than 6 percent of residential emissions, about 50 percent less than expected based on population share alone. Next, results from a counterfactual policy analysis find that the distributive effects of a carbon tax are regressive in urban areas but not in rural areas, increasing within and between ethnic group inequality in urban China. A carbon tax with revenue-neutral schemes, by contrast, helps to mitigate existing inequalities in society, reducing income- and ethnic-based forms of inequality. Results are robust to machine learning techniques employed to simulate potential heterogeneous household abatement scenarios. The findings emphasize the potential benefits of a carbon tax, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of climate justice and informing policy decisions that promote equitable outcomes for vulnerable segments of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objetivo] Estimar el potencial de producción de biocombustibles a partir de la licuefacción hidrotérmica (LHT) de residuos biomásicos en Costa Rica y su respectiva huella de carbono. [Metodología] Se estimó el potencial de generación de residuos de biomasa que pueden ser aprovechados para la producción de biocombustibles, mediante el proceso de LHT, utilizando informes de diferentes instituciones como el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería, la Cámara de Avicultores, Acueductos y Alcantarillados, entre otros. Posteriormente, mediante modelos matemáticos que predicen el rendimiento de biocrudo, según el tipo de biomasa utilizado, se estimó el potencial de la posible producción de biocrudo y su respectivo mejoramiento a biodiésel y sus coproductos (biogasolina y biobúnker). Estos datos se compararon con el consumo actual de combustibles en Costa Rica. Por último, se calculó la huella de carbono del proceso de producción de estos biocombustibles utilizando la norma ISO 14067. [Resultados] Se obtuvo que Costa Rica posee, bajo las suposiciones de este estudio, un potencial de producción de biocrudo, biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker de 1 383 299 ton/año, 635 788 ton/año, 295 336 ton/año y 70 140 ton/año, respectivamente. Así mismo, se estimó que las huellas de carbono asociadas a la producción de biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker son 14,57 gCO2eq/MJ, 13,88 gCO2eq/MJ y 13,33 gCO2eq/MJ, correspondientemente. [Conclusiones] Se concluyó, bajo las suposiciones de este estudio, que en Costa Rica existe un potencial de reemplazo de combustibles fósiles del 71 %, 43 % y 76 % para biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker, comparativamente. También, se estimó que, por medio de esta tecnología (LHT) se podría reducir un 18 %, 36 % y 6 % la huella de carbono al utilizar biodiésel, biogasolina y biobúnker, respectivamente, en lugar de sus correspondientes combustibles fósiles.

Introducción: La reducción de la huella de carbono en todos los sectores es imprescindible como parte de la acción climática, y la ejecución de estrategias específicas incluye el accionar de los servicios de atención sanitaria. Costa Rica se ha destacado por un sólido sistema de salud con enfoque de atención primaria; sin embargo, se documentan pocas evidencias científicas respecto a los roles e impactos del sistema de salud en la reducción de la huella de carbono a nivel nacional. Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre huella de carbono en los servicios de salud a nivel global y contrastarla con la realidad costarricense. Método: Se realizó un mapeo de la literatura en español e inglés en la base de datos Scopus, a partir de términos de tesauros en línea. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y se utilizó la herramienta Bibliometrix en el software R para el análisis. Posteriormente, se realizó una revisión integrativa de los documentos seleccionados con apoyo de la plataforma Covidence. Resultados: Se analizaron 46 publicaciones en el análisis bibliográfico y 25 documentos en la revisión de alcance, identificando los temas investigados actualmente para la reducción de la huella de carbono en la atención sanitaria. Estos tópicos incluyen análisis de insumos hospitalarios, gestión de residuos sólidos, técnicas de evaluación de impacto ambiental, diseño de estrategias de sostenibilidad, educación ambiental, infraestructura sanitaria, compras sustentables y consumo energético. Conclusiones: Los estudios, independientemente de la región o país, presentan opciones para mejorar la práctica sanitaria en relación a la huella de carbono, impactando también la salud de las poblaciones. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estos estudios, según la metodología GRADE, presentan baja evidencia debido a las particularidades del diseño metodológico empleado. Las colaboraciones internacionales pueden ser una herramienta útil para avanzar en la implementación de tecnologías y estrategias políticas adaptables a la realidad costarricense, haciendo sostenible el sector salud y, por ende, la atención sanitaria.

Background: The rapid expansion of Iraq's oil and gas sector has resulted in a significant increase in greenhouse gas emissions, which have become a significant environmental concern. Both national environmental sustainability and international environmental obligations necessitate the resolution of these concerns. Objective: This article aims to assist the Iraqi industrial sector in mitigating its carbon emissions by investigating viable strategies for adopting sustainable practices. Methods and Materials: This study employed a mixed-methods analysis of carbon emission patterns over time in three significant sectors -- energy, manufacturing, and agricultural production--as well as the corresponding materials. Two operations research techniques, namely econometric models and emission inventories, were employed to ascertain the comparative significance of distinct industries concerning the nation's carbon footprint. Determining effective strategies for carbon reduction is facilitated by this comprehensive methodology. Results: The results show that Iraq's industrial carbon footprint has increased significantly. Nevertheless, its objective is to mitigate emissions by employing green technology, utilising renewable energy sources, and improving energy efficiency. Conclusions: The article emphasises the criticality of legislative action, international collaboration, and private sector engagement in advancing the sustainability of Iraq's industrial sector. This study demonstrates the significance of operations research in formulating environmental strategies; it offers stakeholders an indispensable road map for comprehending and mitigating the carbon emissions from Iraq's industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the global problem of pollution and climate change through sustainable solutions, highlighting the growth of carbon markets as tools to reduce emissions and improve air quality. The carbon credit initiative is presented as a strategy to counteract air pollution and promote sustainable practices, the proposal is developed in Cereté, Colombia; the proposal explores the feasibility of a business model based on carbon credits, integrating emerging technologies such as blockchain. A mixed research approach is adopted and phases are proposed for the development of the project, including awareness raising, requirements analysis, competition and theoretical models of intervention. Proposals include actions to conserve biodiversity, environmental and technological education, equitable access to business opportunities, social benefits, fair pricing for carbon sequestration, platform security and transparency, and quality auditing, with the objective of protecting the municipality's strategic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemodialysis (HD) is a treatment with a significant environmental impact. One dialysis cycle is equivalent to the daily consumption of 3.5-4 people, and the average annual electricity consumption of a center is equivalent to that of approximately 2.5-3 households (9 kWh/day per household). The carbon footprint (kg CO2 equivalent) measures direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions and is influenced by the production of the various materials used, their transport, patients, and healthcare personnel. In this context, it is necessary to understand the real impact of each center on the environment and act sustainably. The aim of this review is to analyze the environmental footprint generated by dialysis, rethink processes, and propose management strategies to provide tools applicable to any unit to reduce the negative impact of this activity. Each center must measure and monitor indicators, set its own standards, design improvement plans, and carry out annual monitoring in a multidisciplinary manner., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Inhaled therapy is essential in cystic fibrosis; however, inhalers have a significant environmental impact due to the greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted. The environmental impact of a product is estimated by its carbon footprint (CF). Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) have a higher CF than dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and soft mist inhalers (SMIs) due to the incorporation of GHGs. The objectives are to analyze the consumption of inhalers (β2-adrenergic agonist bronchodilators, anticholinergics, and/or corticosteroids) in a cystic fibrosis unit and estimate the generated CF., Method: Retrospective determination (January 2018-December 2023) of consumption and CF (tCO2eq) by type of inhaler was conducted. Consumption and CF trends were evaluated using lineal regression., Results: Annually, 1,529 (1,279-1,613) pMDIs, 1,055 (855-1,333) DPIs, and 28 (20-42) SMIs were dispensed, representing 55.97%, 42.33%, and 1.70%, respectively. A statistically significant positive trend in the consumption of SMIs was observed. The median annual CF was: pMDI 38.3 (31.2-40.3) tCO2eq, DPIs 0.8 (0.6-0.9) tCO2eq, and SMIs 0.02 (0.02-0.03) tCO2eq, representing 97.86, 2.04, and 0.10%, respectively., Conclusions: pMDIs were the inhalers with the highest consumption and CF, although their consumption appears to be decreasing, with an increase in the consumption of SMIs., (Copyright © 2024. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

The phenomenon of global warming due to the increased emission of greenhouse gases makes it necessary to raise public awareness about the importance of promoting sustainable practices. The field of radiology is not an exception, as it consumes a large amount of energy and resources to operate equipment and generate images. Green radiology is a sustainable, innovative, and responsible approach in radiology practice that focuses on minimizing the negative environmental effects of the technologies and procedures used in radiology. Its primary goal is to reduce the carbon, water and ecological footprint in our services based on four strategic pillars: decreasing energy, water, and helium usage; properly recycling and/or disposing of waste and residues (including contrast media); minimizing the environmental impact of ionizing radiation; and promoting eco-friendly radiology practices., (Copyright © 2023 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)