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The bottom perovskite with the hole transport layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) interface has received little attention due to challenges like interlayer dissolution during perovskite deposition. And voids at the perovskite/HTL interface can degrade cell performance. This work introduces a two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite layer between the perovskite and poly (N, N′‐bis‐4‐butylphenyl‐N, N′‐bisphenyl) benzidine (Poly‐TPD) HTL using a mixed solution of 4‐methylphenethylammonium chloride (4M‐PEA‐Cl), methylammonium iodide (MA‐I), and Poly(9,9‐bis(3′‐(N,N‐dimethyl)‐N‐ethylammoinium‐propyl‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene))dibromide (PFN‐Br). The amine functional groups in the organic salts improved HTL wettability, resulting in a void‐free interface. 4M‐PEA‐Cl, with its strong electron‐withdrawing benzene ring, outperformed other amine‐containing salts in passivating undercoordinated Pb2+ ions. Incorporating this hybrid passivation layer in PSCs resulted in a 1.8% absolute increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 19.1% with 1.68 eV perovskite bandgap. Additionally, the passivated PSCs demonstrated enhanced operational stability, retaining 91% of their initial efficiency after 800 hours of continuous 1‐sun illumination, compared to 84.7% for the control sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology is a promising candidate for space applications because of its high power‐to‐weight ratio, low‐cost fabrication process, and good tolerance to high‐energy particle radiation. In this work, perovskite films and resultant high‐efficiency PSCs are assessed under 10 MeV proton radiation at fluences in the range 1e12–1e14 p cm−2, which are equivalent to 1 to 100 years in geostationary orbit (GEO) without any shielding or cover. For the first time, void formation and material ablation are detected on perovskite films, indicating structural damage of the materials under the proton radiation. Furthermore, ions inside the devices especially Au and Pb ions are displaced to underlying layers under the proton bombardment. These lead to the degradation of PSCs to ≈89% of the initial performance (from 24.1% to 21.4%) at the highest dose. The experimental results are supported by previous simulation works with a good fit in all optoelectronic parameters. This study provides insights into the degradation mechanism of PSCs under proton radiation and paves the way for the utilization of PSCs in space applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]