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Improving individuals' low-carbon awareness has become an important research topic. Gamification design is regarded as a potential IT solution to this social problem. Although much research is concerned with the effect of low-carbon awareness to improve individuals' behaviour, little attention has been paid to exploring how to improve low-carbon awareness, especially in the context of green gamification. To fill this research gap, our study uses the cognitive dissonance theory to build a theoretical model for exploring the impacts of green gamification factors on individuals' low-carbon awareness. The model is also used to explore the mediating role of cognitive dissonance and the moderating effect of emotional dependence. Empirical results reveal that visibility of achievement, competition, and interactivity have positive impacts on users' cognitive dissonance, which further positively affect users' low-carbon awareness. In addition, users' emotional dependence positively moderates the relationship between green gamification factors and users' cognitive dissonance. These results extend the cognitive dissonance theory and the literature on green gamification. New insights and practical implications for the designers of gamification application and environmental protection organisations are also provided in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) represent a unique class of interactions in Lewis acid‐base chemistry, driven by spatial hindrance or incongruent orbital energy levels that hinder the formation of effective coordination bonds. FLPs have received significant attention for their application in activating small molecules and facilitating organic synthesis reactions. Recent developments have led to the emergence of Frustrated Radical Pairs (FRPs) as an extension of the radical family. FRPs are formed from FLPs through Single Electron Transfer (SET) and exhibit the ability to activate a variety of chemical bonds. While research on FLPs is well‐established, investigations into FRPs in organic reactions remain limited. This review highlights the current state of FRPs in organic synthesis, delves into mechanistic insights, explores their potential, and underscores the challenges in this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) represent a unique class of interactions in Lewis acid‐base chemistry, driven by spatial hindrance or incongruent orbital energy levels that hinder the formation of effective coordination bonds. FLPs have received significant attention for their application in activating small molecules and facilitating organic synthesis reactions. Recent developments have led to the emergence of Frustrated Radical Pairs (FRPs) as an extension of the radical family. FRPs are formed from FLPs through Single Electron Transfer (SET) and exhibit the ability to activate a variety of chemical bonds. While research on FLPs is well‐established, investigations into FRPs in organic reactions remain limited. This review highlights the current state of FRPs in organic synthesis, delves into mechanistic insights, explores their potential, and underscores the challenges in this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportion of lung cancer in never smokers is rising, especially among Asian women, but there is no effective early detection tool. Here, we developed a polygenic risk score (PRS), which may help to identify the population with higher risk of lung cancer in never‐smoking women. We first performed a large GWAS meta‐analysis (8595 cases and 8275 controls) to systematically identify the susceptibility loci for lung cancer in never‐smoking Asian women and then generated a PRS using GWAS datasets. Furthermore, we evaluated the utility and effectiveness of PRS in an independent Chinese prospective cohort comprising 55 266 individuals. The GWAS meta‐analysis identified eight known loci and a novel locus (5q11.2) at the genome‐wide statistical significance level of P < 5 × 10−8. Based on the summary statistics of GWAS, we derived a polygenic risk score including 21 variants (PRS‐21) for lung cancer in never‐smoking women. Furthermore, PRS‐21 had a hazard ratio (HR) per SD of 1.29 (95% CI = 1.18‐1.41) in the prospective cohort. Compared with participants who had a low genetic risk, those with an intermediate (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00‐1.72) and high (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.56‐2.80) genetic risk had a significantly higher risk of incident lung cancer. The addition of PRS‐21 to the conventional risk model yielded a modest significant improvement in AUC (0.697 to 0.711) and net reclassification improvement (24.2%). The GWAS‐derived PRS‐21 significantly improves the risk stratification and prediction accuracy for incident lung cancer in never‐smoking Asian women, demonstrating the potential for identification of high‐risk individuals and early screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Taihu Biobank of Tumour Biomarkers (TBTB) study is a large-scale research project conducted in Wuxi, China, with the aim of understanding the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of cancer in middle-aged and elderly urban populations. The study recruited over 500,000 participants aged 45 and older and collected baseline data through physical examinations, serum tumor biomarkers, and questionnaire surveys. The study has identified thousands of new cancer cases and encourages collaborations with researchers worldwide. The study provides valuable data on demographic and health-related variables, laboratory test results, and the most commonly diagnosed cancers. However, there are limitations to the study, such as the lack of information on early life exposures and limited data on lifestyle factors. Researchers interested in the study are welcome to collaborate. [Extracted from the article]

In this multicenter, non-inferiority, randomized trial, we randomly assigned 992 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with a good prognosis (aged 20-40, ≥3 transferrable cleavage-stage embryos) to strategies of blastocyst-stage (n = 497) or cleavage-stage (n = 495) single embryo transfer. Primary outcome was cumulative live-birth rate after up to three transfers. Secondary outcomes were cumulative live-births after all embryo transfers within 1 year of randomization, pregnancy outcomes, obstetric-perinatal complications, and livebirths outcomes. Live-birth rates were 74.8% in blastocyst-stage group versus 66.3% in cleavage-stage group (relative risk 1.13, 95%CI:1.04-1.22; P non-inferiority  < 0.001, P superiority  = 0.003) (1-year cumulative live birth rates of 75.7% versus 68.9%). Blastocyst transfer increased the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (4.6% vs 2.0%; P = 0.02) and neonatal hospitalization >3 days. Among good prognosis women, a strategy of single blastocyst transfer increases cumulative live-birth rates over single cleavage-stage transfer. Blastocyst transfer resulted in higher preterm birth rates. This information should be used to counsel patients on their choice between cleavage-stage and blastocyst-stage transfer (NCT03152643, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03152643 )., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Laser triggered and photothermally induced vapor bubbles have emerged as promising approaches to facilitate optomechanical energy conversion for numerous applications in microfluidics and nanofluidics. Here, we report an observation of spontaneously triggered periodic nucleation of plasmonic vapor bubbles near a rigid sidewall with readily tuned nucleation frequency from 0.8 kHz to over 200 kHz. The detailed collapsing process of the vapor bubbles was experimentally and numerically investigated. We find that the lateral migration of residual bubbles toward the sidewall refreshes the laser spot area, terminates the subsequent steady bubble growth, and leads to the repeatable bubble nucleation. A mathematic model regarding the Kelvin impulses was derived. It shows that the competition between the rigid boundary induced Bjerknes force and laser irradiation caused thermal Marangoni force on collapsing bubbles governs the process. The model also leads to a criterion of γζ<0.34 for repeatable bubble nucleation, where γ is the normalized distance and ζ thermal Marangoni coefficient. This study demonstrates nucleation of violent vapor bubbles at extreme high frequencies, providing an approach to remotely realize strong localized flows in microfluidics and nanofluidics.

Importance: Maternal hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (HDP) might affect ocular health in offspring; however, its association with strabismus remains unclear., Objective: To examine the association of maternal HDP with overall and type-specific strabismus in offspring., Design, Setting, and Participants: In the Jiangsu Birth Cohort study, a population-based study in China, pregnant women were recruited from April 24, 2014, to November 30, 2018. A total of 6195 offspring had maternal HDP diagnosis information, of whom 3078 were excluded due to having no information on ocular alignment or due to having ocular diseases other than strabismus or refractive error. Offspring underwent ocular examinations at 3 years of age, completed May 21, 2022. Data were analyzed from May 28, 2022, through December 15, 2023., Exposure: Maternal HDP, categorized into hypertension and preeclampsia or with blood pressure (BP) well controlled (systolic BP, <130; diastolic BP, <80 mm Hg) and poorly controlled (systolic BP, ≥130; diastolic BP, ≥80 mm Hg)., Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of strabismus in offspring. Poisson generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the association between maternal HDP and strabismus., Results: Among the included 3117 children (mean [SD] age, 36.30 [0.74] months; 1629 boys [52.3%]), 143 (4.6%) were exposed to maternal HDP and 368 (11.8%) had strabismus. Offspring exposed to maternal HDP had an 82% increased risk of overall strabismus (relative risk [RR], 1.82 [95% CI, 1.21-2.74]), an 82% increased risk of exophoria (RR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.11-3.00]), and a 136% increased risk of intermittent exotropia (RR, 2.36 [95% CI, 1.13-4.93]) compared with unexposed offspring. When considering the type of maternal HDP, the risk for all strabismus was high for offspring exposed to preeclampsia (RR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.39-4.09]) compared with unexposed offspring. When considering the BP control level of maternal HDP, the risk for all strabismus was high for offspring born to mothers with HDP and poorly controlled BP (RR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.32-3.24]) compared with unexposed offspring., Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that maternal HDP is associated with an increased risk of offspring strabismus. Early screening of strabismus might be recommended for offspring with maternal HDP. Further exploration of the underlying mechanism of the association between HDP and strabismus is warranted.

Background: Age is the most important risk factor for cancer, but aging rates are heterogeneous across individuals. We explored a new measure of aging-Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)-in the risk prediction of site-specific and overall cancer., Methods: Using Cox regression models, we examined the association of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) with cancer incidence by genetic risk group among 374,463 participants from the UK Biobank. We generated PhenoAge using chronological age and nine biomarkers, PhenoAgeAccel after subtracting the effect of chronological age by regression residual, and an incidence-weighted overall cancer polygenic risk score (CPRS) based on 20 cancer site-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs)., Results: Compared with biologically younger participants, those older had a significantly higher risk of overall cancer, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.22 (95% confidence interval, 1.18-1.27) in men, and 1.26 (1.22-1.31) in women, respectively. A joint effect of genetic risk and PhenoAgeAccel was observed on overall cancer risk, with HRs of 2.29 (2.10-2.51) for men and 1.94 (1.78-2.11) for women with high genetic risk and older PhenoAge compared with those with low genetic risk and younger PhenoAge. PhenoAgeAccel was negatively associated with the number of healthy lifestyle factors (Beta = -1.01 in men, p<0.001; Beta = -0.98 in women, p<0.001)., Conclusions: Within and across genetic risk groups, older PhenoAge was consistently related to an increased risk of incident cancer with adjustment for chronological age and the aging process could be retarded by adherence to a healthy lifestyle., Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82230110, 82125033, 82388102 to GJ; 82273714 to MZ); and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220100 to MZ)., Competing Interests: LB, ZM, XF, CJ, TW, CY, JD, HM, ZH, HS, LW, MZ, GJ No competing interests declared, (© 2024, Bian, Ma et al.)

Exposure to PM 2.5 , a harmful type of air pollution, has been associated with compromised male reproductive health; however, it remains unclear whether such exposure can elicit transgenerational effects on male fertility. Here, we aim to examine the effect of paternal exposure to real-world PM 2.5 on the reproductive health of male offspring. We have observed that paternal exposure to real-world PM 2.5 can lead to transgenerational primary hypogonadism in a sex-selective manner, and we have also confirmed this phenotype by using an external model. Mechanically, we have identified small RNAs (sRNAs) that play a critical role in mediating these transgenerational effects. Specifically, miR6240 and piR016061, which are present in F0 PM sperm, regulate intergenerational transmission by targeting Lhcgr and Nsd1, respectively. We have also uncovered that piR033435 and piR006695 indirectly regulate F1 PM sperm methylation by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of Tet1 mRNA. The reduced expression of Tet1 resulted in hypermethylation of several testosterone synthesis genes, including Lhcgr and Gnas, impaired Leydig cell function and ultimately led to transgenerational primary hypogonadism. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the transgenerational effects of paternal PM 2.5 exposure on reproductive health, highlighting the crucial role played by sRNAs in mediating these effects. The findings underscore the significance of paternal pre-conception interventions in alleviating the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on reproductive health., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The development of an effective survival prediction tool is key for reducing colorectal cancer mortality. Here, we apply a three-stage study to devise a polygenic prognostic score (PPS) for stratifying colorectal cancer overall survival. Leveraging two cohorts of 3703 patients, we first perform a genome-wide survival association analysis to develop eight candidate PPSs. Further using an independent cohort with 470 patients, we identify the 287 variants-derived PPS (i.e., PPS 287 ) achieving an optimal prediction performance [hazard ratio (HR) per SD = 1.99, P = 1.76 × 10 -8 ], accompanied by additional tests in two external cohorts, with HRs per SD of 1.90 (P = 3.21 × 10 -14 ; 543 patients) and 1.80 (P = 1.11 × 10 -9 ; 713 patients). Notably, the detrimental impact of pathologic characteristics and genetic risk could be attenuated by a healthy lifestyle, yielding a 7.62% improvement in the 5-year overall survival rate. Therefore, our findings demonstrate the integrated contribution of pathologic characteristics, germline variants, and lifestyle exposure to the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Although the associations between genetic variations and lung cancer risk have been explored, the epigenetic consequences of DNA methylation in lung cancer development are largely unknown. Here, the genetically predicted DNA methylation markers associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk by a two-stage case-control design were investigated., Methods: The genetic prediction models for methylation levels based on genetic and methylation data of 1595 subjects from the Framingham Heart Study were established. The prediction models were applied to a fixed-effect meta-analysis of screening data sets with 27,120 NSCLC cases and 27,355 controls to identify the methylation markers, which were then replicated in independent data sets with 7844 lung cancer cases and 421,224 controls. Also performed was a multi-omics functional annotation for the identified CpGs by integrating genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics and investigation of the potential regulation pathways., Results: Of the 29,894 CpG sites passing the quality control, 39 CpGs associated with NSCLC risk (Bonferroni-corrected p ≤ 1.67 × 10 -6 ) were originally identified. Of these, 16 CpGs remained significant in the validation stage (Bonferroni-corrected p ≤ 1.28 × 10 -3 ), including four novel CpGs. Multi-omics functional annotation showed nine of 16 CpGs were potentially functional biomarkers for NSCLC risk. Thirty-five genes within a 1-Mb window of 12 CpGs that might be involved in regulatory pathways of NSCLC risk were identified., Conclusions: Sixteen promising DNA methylation markers associated with NSCLC were identified. Changes of the methylation level at these CpGs might influence the development of NSCLC by regulating the expression of genes nearby., Plain Language Summary: The epigenetic consequences of DNA methylation in lung cancer development are still largely unknown. This study used summary data of large-scale genome-wide association studies to investigate the associations between genetically predicted levels of methylation biomarkers and non-small cell lung cancer risk at the first time. This study looked at how well larotrectinib worked in adult patients with sarcomas caused by TRK fusion proteins. These findings will provide a unique insight into the epigenetic susceptibility mechanisms of lung cancer., (© 2023 American Cancer Society.)